...opportunities that the representatives of the general public have and cannot afford even some basic needs. Homeless individuals have to break the law and commit crimes, such as stealing food, even though they do not intend to do so, which leads to mass incarceration. This influences their behavior and increases the chances of becoming drug or alcohol addicts, which makes homeless individuals even more likely to become incarcerated. People who are imprisoned, often have no or underpaid job that does not provide these people with money enough to have a decent residence, which makes them a vulnerable population (Johnson 2015). It is important to consider what makes homeless people commit crimes that result in imprisonment. The information from various articles received during the literature review, I will reveal the connection between homelessness and incarceration, emphasizing the history that lead to their occurrence as well as the main causes of both problems. I will point out and explain the correlations between homelessness and crime rates, as well as its connections to the mental disorders, substance abuse, and chronic health condition in the context of how homeless lifestyle can be related to the incarceration. Also, I will indicate the way in which homelessness leads to mass incarceration. I will argue that the concept of homelessness and incarceration that cannot be broken without external help of the government, the general public and other organizations such as the U.S. Department...
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...Some people say its not the persons fault, it's the guns. The school shootings and mass shootings that have been happening, people are not blaming the person but the gun or the mental issues the people have, that have been showing up in most of the recent mass shootings. Although people say guns should be banned completely to prevent the mass shootings, we shouldn't have to ban them we should just put more restrictions and laws that make it harder to get guns, that would prevent small crimes and mass murders and shootings while people can still self defend and hunt for game in america. Background and mental health checks in the gun buying process would help prevent small crimes with robberies because if the buyer has previous crimes on...
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...The Lee statue was approved by city council to be removed and several parks were to be renamed because they were named after confederate generals. Jason Kessler, who organized the rally at noon stated that “The statue itself is symbolic of a lot larger issue.” He claims that his protest was standing up for the preservation of American history and the interest of white people. Kessler believes that all groups should be allowed to stand up for their interest without being shut down by the government. As the day advanced, the battle became more intense and dangerous with a man eventually driving his Dodge Challenger into a crowd of anti-racist protestors injuring nineteen people and killing one. Heather D. Heyer was one of the 3 individuals killed during the attack, along with two state troopers. At around noon, the State and local police declared the demonstration an “unlawful assembly” and worked to evacuate the park. President Donald trump addressed the issues with “We are closely following the terrible events unfolding in Charlottesville,...
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...Being the President of the United States Josh Wainwright Sociology 101: Principles of Sociology- Word Count: 2111 Abstract The purpose of this essay is to express how to address current issues in today’s society. The issues that I have to address are poverty, crime, education, health and a 5th problem of your choice. The 5th problem that I chose to address was jobs. I go about addressing these issues as if you were the President of the United States. This essay gives I a chance to express how you feel about these issues and what would you do to fix these problems. As President of the United States, it is my duty to address problems in this American society. The five main problem that I want to address are poverty, crime, education, health and jobs. These are important issues that I am working on fixing immediately. My plan is to dramatically decrease the poverty and crime rate. I am also going to improve education, health insurance and job opportunities. Poverty America’s poverty rate is too high. Let’s look back on 2013 poverty rate. According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2013, there were 45.3 million people in poverty. For the third consecutive year, the number of people...
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...Research Study #1: Victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation By: Herek, Gregory M., Cogan, Jeanine C., Gillis, J. Roy2 Universities Affiliated: University of California, Davis., University of Toronto Abstract: Using interview data from a convenience sample of 450 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults, the varieties of victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation are described. Most crimes were perpetrated in public settings by one or more strangers, but victimization also occurred in other locales, and perpetrators included neighbors, coworkers, and relatives. In deciding whether a crime was based on their sexual orientation, victims tended to rely primarily on contextual cues and perpetrators’ explicit statements. Victims’ concerns about police bias and public disclosure of their sexual orientation were important factors in deciding whether to report antigay crimes, as were beliefs about the crime’s severity and the likelihood that perpetrators would be punished. Reflection: The method used in this research study is the interview method. They collected a sample size of 450 willing volunteers (224 men: 204 gay, 20 bisexual and 226 women: 202 lesbian, 24 bisexual). They all were asked to describe their experiences with hate crimes and there was a split between people who knew for sure they were attacked by biased views and those who knew their attacker did not have any biased views against them. Many volunteers felt they were most likely...
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...UNIVERSITY, LOS ANGELES | POLICY RESEARCH PAPER | POLS 462 PUBLIC POLICY | | Victor Chang | 3/18/2013 | [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] | It can be easily argued that we are currently living in a culture of violence. As we watch, read or listen to the news; daily incidents of individuals becoming victims of gun violence trumps the headlines. With tragic incidents such as the Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre in Newtown, Connecticut that occurred in December of 2012, as well as the mass shooting in Aurora, Colorado in July of 2012 occurring less than six months away from each other, prompted debate on a national level regarding the importance of gun control and mental illness. Other highly publicized mass shootings, such as the one that occurred in Tucson, Arizona in January of 2011, involving former US Representative Gabrielle Giffords and the mass shooting at Virginia Tech, along with the two events mentioned above, “all shared two common characteristics: all four shooters were mentally ill, and all four used guns with large capacity magazines, allowing them to fire multiple rounds of ammunition without reloading (Barry, 2013).” As the Second Amendment guarantees an individual’s right to bear arms, the issue at hand is: how can the government prevent guns from landing...
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...The nature of crime in Australian society is diverse and its occurrence fluctuates over time (Makkai & Prenzler, 2015). This essay will firstly discuss and define the concepts of crime and violence. Secondly, it will define violent crime from a contemporary Australian legal perspective. It will then examine the overall nature of crime in Australia describing its categories and sub categories. Fourthly, the essay will establish the official agencies who collect and collate data that measures the nature and extent of crime in Australia. It will finally use this data and empirical evidence to compare the extent of violent crime with crimes that are non-violent. The essay will ultimately conclude by asserting that the majority of crime in society is not violent in nature. Crime is a complex phenomenon that attracts a variety of definitions (Ransley & Prenzler, 2015). The varying definitions of crime provide broad or limited meanings and are all, to a greater or lesser degree, problematic. This is because crime is socially constructed; thus what is considered a crime, or no longer considered a crime changes over time to comply with the norms, attitudes and expectations existing in society at a given historical period (Brookman, 2005; Howitt, 2012). Violence is also a socially constructed concept that lacks a specific definition (Indermaur, 2000; Papalia, Thomas, Ching & Daffern, 2015), however, in the broadest sense, violence, is typically an action or type of behaviour that...
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...Unit 12: Crime and its Effects on Society Unit code: Y/600/6030 QCF Level 3: BTEC National Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Aim and purpose The aim of this unit is to give learners a knowledge of current UK crime and disorder legislation and the sentences and orders available to the criminal justice agencies. Learners will also develop knowledge of the effects of criminal behaviour on communities and an understanding of how society works to reduce crime, disorder and antisocial behaviour and to support the victims and witnesses of crime. Unit introduction This unit introduces learners to the legal framework that exists to prevent crime and deal with offenders. They will look at the powers of the courts, including the orders and sentences that the courts can impose. They will look at the theories of the causes of criminal behaviour and other contributory factors that may lead to criminality and antisocial behaviour, for example socio-economic and environmental influences, lack of education and negative family influences. Learners will explore the problems resulting from criminal activity and antisocial behaviour. They will explore the costs of crime, to local authorities, the community and individuals. Learners will also investigate the ‘fear of crime’ and how this manifests itself in both individuals and communities and the impact this can have on quality of life. Learners will learn how their local police proactively tackle crime using problem-solving models...
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...It is noted in the Colorado Politics article “Despite claims, data show legalized marijuana has not increased crime rates,” by Brian Heuberger that, “During the first year of the implementation of Amendment 64, Denver experienced a 2.2 percent decrease in violent crime rates and an 8.9 percent reduction in property crime offenses, according to research conducted by the Drug Policy Alliance,” (Heuberger). This statistic mentioned by Heuberger shows that there has been a decrease in crime in Denver, Colorado as a result of the legislation that made marijuana legal in the state. Because crime has decreased post-legislation, it means that it would do the same in other states as well, making the need to legalize the drug in every U.S. state. In the article by W.E. Messamore from Independent Voter Network titled “Marijuana Legalization Is Decreasing Violent Crime in Border States,” it mentions that the Uniform Crime Reporting Program discovered that, “ . . . marijuana laws have correlated with a 12.5 percent decrease in violent crime homicides, aggravated assaults, and robberies in states that border Mexico,” (Messamore). In short, crime has decreased in states along the U.S.-Mexico border as a result of legalizing marijuana. If legalizing cannabis helps the crime issue in border states, certainly it can help with the issue across the rest of the country, which is why every state should legalize the drug. In the...
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...Value/Belief Pattern • Predominant ethnic and cultural groups along with beliefs related to health. • Predominant spiritual beliefs in the community that may influence health. • Availability of spiritual resources within or near the community (churches/chapels, synagogues, chaplains, Bible studies, sacraments, self-help groups, support groups, etc.). • Do the community members value health promotion measures? What is the evidence that they do or do not (e.g., involvement in education, fundraising events, etc.)? • What does the community value? How is this evident? • On what do the community members spend their money? Are funds adequate? Health Perception/Management • Predominant health problems: Compare at least one health problem to a credible statistic (CDC, county, or state). • Immunization rates (age appropriate). • Appropriate death rates and causes, if applicable. • Prevention programs (dental, fire, fitness, safety, etc.): Does the community think these are sufficient? • Available health professionals, health resources within the community, and usage. • Common referrals to outside agencies. Nutrition/Metabolic • Indicators of nutrient deficiencies. • Obesity rates or percentages: Compare to CDC statistics. • Affordability of food/available discounts or food programs and usage (e.g., WIC, food boxes, soup kitchens, meals-on-wheels, food stamps, senior discounts, employee discounts, etc.)...
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...White Collar Crime in Medical Industry Name Institution White Collar Crime in Medical Industry Introduction Background of Research Various crimes take place in different private and public organisations and institutions every day. This research paper will analyse the different white-collar crimes witnessed in the medical industry worldwide. Practitioners involved numerous health practitioners in the dishonest ways of filling irregular and dishonest information about patients for financial gain. The fraud is generated in many ways depending on the level of need and greed at any particular moment. It should therefore be noted that the amount of fraud committed through white-collar crime in health care has risen enormously (Benson, Madensen & Eck, 2009). Billions of dollars are lost through the various unscrupulous health practitioners and their relevant counterparts. The billions of money fall in the hands of a few people and deprive numerous patients the attention and medication required in the process. The public should therefore be alert and report any suspected cases of criminal injustices in the medical industry (Rosoff, Pontell & Tillman, 2012). Problem Statement It is evident that there are various loopholes in the medical industry where financial fraud occurs and fails to be accounted for in the health organisations. The state is aware of the various modes of White Collar crimes taking place in the medical industry. Similarly, the state with the...
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...of those in jail have a mental illness (About Criminal and Juvenile Justice). The topic of mental health in criminal justice is crucial because it intersects with several fundamental aspects of society, including justice, public safety, and human rights. Caring about mental health in the criminal justice system reflects our commitment to support the well-being of all individuals. While recognizing the profound impact of mental illness on society, it is essential to ensure that mental illness does not serve as a justification for any crime. With this understanding in mind, the complexities of mental health issues while maintaining the integrity...
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...Understanding white collar crime Hazel Croall Open University Press Buckingham · Philadelphia Open University Press Celtic Court 22 Ballmoor Buckingham MK18 1XW email: enquiries@openup.co.uk world wide web: www.openup.co.uk and 325 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA First Published 2001 Copyright © Hazel Croall, 2001 All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd of 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1P 0LP. A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 335 20427 9 (pb) 0 335 20428 7 (hb) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Croall, Hazel, 1947– Understanding white collar crime / Hazel Croall. p. cm. — (Crime and justice) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–335–20428–7 — ISBN 0–335–20427–9 (pbk.) 1. White collar crimes. I. Title. II. Crime and justice (Buckingham, England) HV6768 .C755 2001 364.16´8 — dc21 00–050174 Typeset by Type Study, Scarborough Printed in Great Britain by Biddles Limited, Guildford and Kings Lynn chapter ...
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...Causes of prison overcrowding are not limited to the bounds of criminal justice but stretch to other facets of authorities including social welfare plans, availability and ease of access to health services, formal education and job opportunities. Debates on how to handle this issue on political platforms is an enough illustration of the problems political leaders undergo in looking for a lasting solution challenged by increased pressure from court orders and rigorous financial crisis. It is therefore evident that it is much easier to have overcrowded prisons than it is to develop and implement effective and efficient ways to manage overcrowding in prisons. Overcrowding in prisons is a broad problem that is centered on issues of policies and crime research. These issues involve criminal sentencing, the role of correctional facilities and sentences, accommodation of prisoners with access to health care and rehabilitation services and causes of crimes. Moreover, issues of which crime attracts what sentence, prison budgets, economic hardships and criminal policies in determining the kinds of punishment are all attached to overcrowding in prisons. Overcrowding in Prisons is a challenging issue due to its complexity in determining how all these issues affect it. Lack of clarity on how various issues interact and under what conditions...
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...social system is not an unchangeable order beyond human control but a pattern of human action.”—John Rawls (1971, p. 102) In recent years “poverty reduction” has become the watchword in development agencies, in international lending institutions, and among development economists generally. The focus on poverty reduction reached a high point perhaps with the articulation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and with the extensive analytic work that has accompanied the MDGs.[2] Yet, much of the discussion of poverty reduction and economic development in low and middle income countries has either ignored the issue of income distribution or has tended to view income distribution only in terms of its impact on economic growth. Poverty and inequality, however, are intimately bound up with one another.[3] Both as an analytic issue and as a policy issue, there are severe limitations in attempting to deal with poverty – or, more broadly, with economic well-being – without also examining income inequality. Indeed, it is questionable that we can even define poverty independently of income distribution. In this essay, I want to develop the argument that economists and economic policy-makers should focus much greater attention on inequality as measured by the distribution of income (and wealth). The traditional focus simply on absolute levels of income as a measure of poverty and economic well-being is fundamentally flawed. My argument here has thee parts: •...
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