...Crime Prevention and Theory, Such as Crime Prevention through Environmental Design and other Preventive Programs University of Phoenix Survey of Justice and Security AJS/502 October 28, 2013 Crime Prevention and Theory, Such as Crime Prevention through Environmental Design and other Preventive Programs Criminal activity is not unplanned; it is either deliberate or opportunistic. Rendering to this philosophy, crime occurs when the activity area of a victim or objective crisscrosses within the activity area of a criminal. As crime rises a mass number of cities are requiring the implementation of crime prevention structures in the design of firsthand essential projects. Community crime prevention programs or strategies target changes in community infrastructure, culture, or the physical environment in order to reduce criminal acts. In a vast majority of cities the mythology of crime prevention embrace community watch organizations and policing, redevelopment of communities to pursue the involvement of residents, neighborhoods, churches and regional government organizations thus addressing the issues that contribute to criminal activities. One such organization is the National Crime Prevention Council which has made providing a multitude of preventive programs that include: Teens, Crime and the Community, McGruff Club, Celebrate Safe Communities among others to assist in addressing the needs and concerns of local communities. Although these programs are successful...
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...The Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Crime prevention through environmental design is defined by the Bureau of Justice Assistance as “the strategies implemented to directly modify the environment to take advantage of pre-existing environmental assets or change the features of particular targets or areas to reduce crime” (Bureau of Justice Assistance, 2014). When taking observance of crime prevention and the environmental design there were many factors involved in the process. The factor covered in the following paragraphs is human environment relationships. Human Environment Relationships There are a few aspects that make up the environment that in return correlates human behavior. These aspects are environmental cues, territory, landscape, and visual bubbles. By compiling an analysis of these different relations, criminal justice professionals are able to better solve and reduce crime in different areas. For example, here in Columbia, South Carolina some neighborhoods and school districts have more patrolling on highways and neighborhoods than others. This is due to the analysis of crime that has occurred in those areas more frequently than others. Some neighborhoods have more opportunities for criminals to conduct crime than others. These opportunities are also referred to as environmental cues. Several things can reflect the level of opportunity in areas such as poverty, age groups, race, and the ratio of law enforcement to population. In these areas humans...
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...Crime Prevention Concepts and Theory, Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) And Other Such Preventative Programs AJS 502 University of Phoenix Crime Prevention Concepts and Theory, Such as Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) And Other Such Preventative Programs Before we can start with an item with prevention of crime we should have a concept of a crime. The definition of crime is an act or deed may be a positive, which a person performs one or so body motions and commit a violation of the law itself, or using instruments, mechanisms or persons. The action can be defined as characteristic unlawful and guilty. Commission of a crime these factors will exist; the will of an active subject have an offense with the intent; activity, which is the act, the movement of the human body designed to produce the act; results of conduct is the desired goal achieved by an agent under criminal law; causation is the ligament to the conduct with the result that may be material. This links bind the cause and effect without the latter cannot attribute to the cause. The Subject is the committer of a crime can be called delinquent or criminal agent. Age, gender does not matter; minorities contribute to responsibility, nationality, and other characteristics. The different highlights of the special qualities will always require an active subject. A person is responsible for the damage caused is a passive Subject. This person can also be called a victim or offender...
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...There are many reasons for which Disney World is a good example of crime prevention through environmental design. Barriers, pavement markings, magical fountains and friendly live security are just a few reminders of the purpose of the place: fun and laughter. People who go to the fairy tale world do so governed by their own free will. They give consent to being controlled by Mickey Mouse laws and to be guided like mindless peons through Goofy and Pluto lane. Unfortunately, even in a world filled with magical wonders, there will always be evil characters who are tempted by the dark side of nature as well. Fictional or not, places where opportunities for committing crime and/or people who are willing to commit it will continue to spread or relocate. Situational crime prevention will not have much significance in today’s society unless all individuals and communities work together in an educated fashion. Although there are instances where situational crime prevention and crime prevention through environmental design work well, they do not attain the aspired results when looking at them from a larger perspective. Is it possible to lessen crime through these measures in a society that is so concerned with ethics, personal freedoms and that is divided into numerous economic, racial, and sexual orientation inequalities? I will argue that situational crime prevention and crime prevention through environmental design cannot be effective and ethical at the same time for the reason that...
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...difficulty teaching and students may find their environment a difficult one in which to learn. (DeVoe, J. et al., 2012). Priorities set by schools, local authorities, and state and federal government have prompted the nation to focus on improving the safety of American schools. The safety of our school facilities has become one of the largest issues in education and has continued to be a concern of great importance. Although the most recent national indicators demonstrate that larger gains have been made in recent years, safety issues remain substantial problems in US school buildings. Between 2004 and 2012, there was a 46 percent decrease in the violent crime victimization rate at school. Despite this decline, students who are between the ages of 12 through 18 were victims of about 700,000 violent crimes and 1.2 million crimes of theft at school in the year 2012. (DeVoe, J. et al., 2012). Among the top trends in school safety are violence, theft, bullying, drugs, and most importantly, firearms. These issues continue to grow in many schools throughout the country indicating that more remains to be done to make our school facilities safer. Furthermore, accurate information about the nature, extent, and scope of the problem being addressed is essential in developing effective programs that support safe facilities. However, as local budgets around the US continue to decrease, school leaders are still left to fulfill new safety requirements for their school facilities. This research...
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...CPTED By Steve Wallach Cep who? Ted what? Those five little initials above represent a key crime prevention tool. They stand for “Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design.” Let’s take a look at this concept. Have you ever wondered why some properties are victimized and others are not and what makes one property more susceptible to criminal attack than another? Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design holds some of these answers by providing a common sense way to improve the safety of your environment. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, or CPTED (pronounced sep-ted), as it is more commonly known, is a proactive crime-fighting technique that believes that “ the proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime as well as an improvement in the quality of life” CPTED works by eliminating criminal opportunities in and around your property. By getting your property “right,” a criminal may avoid giving it a second and closer look. This keeps your property safer by decreasing crime opportunity. HOW CAN I MAKE MY PROPERTY SAFER? CPTED need not be expensive or difficult to apply and simply involves taking advantage of your property’s natural surveillance, access control and territorial potential. A NATURAL SURVEILLANCE REVIEW In order to proceed, start by taking a fresh look at your property’s natural surveillance potential. Ask yourself the following questions: ...
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...apartment building. Before we get started there are a few considerations to take a look at during the beginning of this new project. The location that the construction will take place borders a high crime urban area. When we construct this building we want our residents to feel safe while living here whether they are parking their vehicle or just exiting or entering the apartment building. Our design will not include ground floor apartments simply because we feel that there is no security and public to private entrance will only increase the possibility of a crime to happen. In order to do this we would have to apply the crime prevention through environmental design concept. Crime prevention through environmental design or CPTED reduces the opportunity of crime occurring. We know that it is impossible to mitigate crime permanently so we take every precaution we can to reduce it by a large percentage. To be effective and truly implement the CPTED principles, the design factors must be blended with the social (human) factors of the environment. This blend requires the involvement of trained and dedicated individuals, (a mix of government, neighborhood, and business representatives) from its design through it use, individuals from very diverse disciplines coming together to design an environment for people to experience life without fear, and improving the quality of life for all individuals where they live, where they work, and where they play or relax, now and in the future...
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...PLN 2601- Assignment 3 Timothy Reed Sn: 10181773 Contents Scope 3 Urban Design 3 Principles/Elements 3 Local Character 3 Quality of the public realm 4 Connectivity 4 Diversity 5 Area Background 5 Local Character 5 Connectivity 6 Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design 7 Renewable Energy 8 Density 8 Mixed use 9 Adaptability 10 High quality public realm 10 Integrated decision making 11 User participation 11 Reccomendations 11 Glossary 11 Bibliography 12 Scope This report will identify and briefly discuss the Environmental and Physical influence, the particular urban design principles, and what opportunities and constraints these principles present for urban design application generally. The report will then discuss, with examples, how Wastewater management, Mixed use development, and public access and amenity, already apply in the area surrounding Grand Boulevard to the south of Joondalup Central business district (Appendix A). It then provides recommendations on how green roofs, crime prevention and housing density, can be applied to this area, to address the constraints and/or take advantage of opportunities. Urban Design A definition of urban design has been offered in an article by Kevin Cambell and Robert Cowan in Planning (12 February 1999). Urban design can be considered to be "the art of shaping the interaction between, people and places, environment and urban form, and nature and built fabric, and influencing...
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...Paper on private security against government personnel University of Phoenix The paper of private security against government personnel The various roles of the government versus, the private security personnel compare, as they are both. Trying to protect employees and keep them safe, from harm’s way within a work environment and policy and guidelines done correctly. The contrast with private security personnel and various roles, of government is that some of them do not follow their policy and make their rules and regulations that are different from the government. In this paper, it will be discussed A comparison of the legal, ethical, managerial, and economic issues of public and private agencies, An evaluation of public and private company daily also practices A discussion of the future merging of government and private security firms also the conclusion on both of them as well. It helps to understand comparison and contrasts the differing roles of government versus private security employees within this paper. Compare parts and goals of government workers versus private security The public and private agencies have the same functions doing their daily task, which include writing reports, the task that has to do with investigating, also patrol areas as well. The different roles that they do are public agencies, will...
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...Assignment #3: Paper/Presentation (Due Week Ten (10)): Write a 5-7 page paper on the purpose of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and how it is used in public and private security. Create an 8-10 Power Point slide presentation on your paper. The presentation should include at least 3 graphics. This paper should adhere to APA style standards including the following: Double space, 1” margins, title page, in text citation of references, and a reference page. See the Assignment #3 Grading Rubric for grading criteria. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, is based on the knowledge and understanding that proper design and effective use and implementation of the environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime, as well as an improvement in the quality of life. CPTED has a creed which believes that all possibilities for natural crime prevention should be used, before involving mechanical and organized strategies; which many feel is much more user friendly and customer service oriented than the methods of past use. While we gain knowledge and understand the designing principles used to discourage crime through CPTED; the conceptual framework is simple to grasp by acknowledging buildings and properties are designed to prevent damage from various forces including natural disasters, and crime prevention. Although we understand that CPTED is not a cure or band aid for criminal behavior due to the complexity of various components; however...
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...University Gang Violence 2 There are certain distinct crime problems that notably stand out to the citizens of a community. Problems that the community would like addressed, reduced, and eventually eradicated. The crime problem I would like to address in this paper is the dilemma with gang violence in the community I was raised in, Salinas, California. I will explain the problem, the underlying theory of the root causes of the problem, and deliver a proposition on what we can do to fix it. I was born and raised in a town in central California called Salinas. While I currently reside in Washington State with my husband, I typically spend five months out of a year in Salinas. For as long as I can recall, Salinas has always had a strong presence of gang members dwelling in the community. “There are several hundred gang-related crimes in Monterey County annually. These crimes include homicide, felony assault, robbery, and other[s]. In Monterey County there are over 60 active gangs with an estimated 3,000 individuals involved in various levels of gang activity. Of the 60 active gangs, 16 are located in Salinas with an estimated 1,500 [certified] members” (http://www.scyp.org). Salinas has always seemed to have had a reputation for gang violence. “One of the city's most serious problems is violent crime-gangs… The city's current violent crime rate is above the national average” (http://en.wikipedia.org). Considering that the homicide...
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...or conservation criminology. The Idea to present green criminology as a perspective to harbor several diverse theoretical positions and contribute as a link between political protest and the environmental rights of future generations. South further pointed out that some scholars in the field were impeded in some way in impacting the study. His intention to enhance environmental consciousness and further sensitize perspectives by asking “why green criminology?”, “what kinds of existing work might this build upon?” and “what directions might green...
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...One of the main misunderstandings in environmental crime is the lack of consistency in the definition and classification of environmental crime. The primary problem is differing perspectives as to what constitutes as environmental crime, embedded in moral, philosophical and legalistic interpretations of harm and in what circumstances does this harm becomes a crime (White, 2008). Many criminologists have put forth perspectives which explain the reasons why individuals and corporations engage in activities that cause environmental harms. These perspectives can be linked to the original environmental or green criminology perspectives. Pollution and dumping has become an increasingly costly problem for the environment. As a results, there has been a rise in criminology literature that analyses environmental harms as crimes (Crofts, Morris, Wells & Powell, 2010). Pollution entail the emission, leakage or spillage of a prescribed substance into the air, water or soil (Brickenll, 2010). It was the first environmentally damaging practice to capture the attention of the public and also concern regulatory attention. Pollutants recognised include pesticides, chemicals and gases. Whilst some of these emissions are banned and illegal, some are permitted, but only within specified levels. Pollution is thus illegal when there is a release of a prohibited substance, the emission or leakage of substance in excess of an established limit, or expulsion into areas such as vast bodies of...
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...material may be reproduced in any form by any means without permission in writing from the President, The Open University of Hong Kong. Sale of this material is prohibited. The Open University of Hong Kong Ho Man Tin, Kowloon Hong Kong This course material is printed on environmentally friendly paper. Contents Introduction 1 The focus of criminology 4 What is criminology? Why study crime? 4 6 Developing theory: the foundations of criminology 8 Theorizing about crime before criminology: the classical perspective Positivist criminology 8 10 Sociological criminology The Chicago School Strain and subcultural theories of crime Control theories The labelling perspective Critical criminology 14 15 17 21 23 27 Environmental criminology 30 Jane Jacobs and Oscar Newman Routine activity theory Rational choice theory 30 33 35 Summary 39 References 41 Feedback on activities 43 Readings Unit 2 Introduction The purpose of this unit is to introduce you to the different kinds of theorizing about crime that have constituted the discipline of criminology. Criminology as an academic discipline has existed for well over 100 years. During this time, a number of distinct approaches have emerged, and it is these different approaches that this unit seeks to capture,...
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...to define globalisation and define neo-liberalism. There is a close interconnection between the two concepts, especially on an international level therefore their positive and negative impacts on crime and criminal justice will be discussed together and then a separate analysis of neo-liberalism and its effects on crime will be examined from a local perspective. Globalisation defined Globalisation is not static, but is rather a dynamic process which involves the growing interconnectedness of states and societies that enmesh human communities with each other, easy mobility of goods and services across countries, electronic communications transcending borders and creating independence from territorially confined units of political power (Massari 2003). These key tenets, which encompass the definition of globalisation, will be discussed with regard to their impacts on crime. Neo-liberalism defined Neo-liberalism can be defined as a set of political beliefs which include the idea that the role of the state in crime control should be minimal as the only legitimate purpose of the state is to protect the individual (O’Malley 2008). Neo-liberalism generally includes the belief that the most efficient way to organise all exchanges of goods and services in human society is through freely adopted market mechanisms leading to greater cost effectiveness, individual liberty and moral virtue (Thorsen & Lie 2000). Individuals in society are empowered to accept the risks associated...
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