...Criminal Justice Models Paper Matthew Harper CJS/220 Harvey Smith June 3, 3012 Criminal Justice Models Paper There are three different models used to describe the Criminal Justice Process. Those three different models are the wedding cake, funnel, and net models. (Meyer & Grant, 2003) Each model shows the three components of the criminal justice system which are police, courts, and corrections. They do not technically go into detail of the three components, but show about how many cases are serious crimes to the ones that are small misdemeanors and that shows the effects of the police, courts, and corrections and how they are involved. The wedding cake is a very basic model and is actually pretty accurate as well. It is layered into four different sections, and it is ironic how the top layer is smaller just as the cases that fit into that category are small in numbers compared to the one on the bottom layer which is the biggest. The top layer is considered the celebrated cases. The cases that would fit into this category or “layer of cake” would be the ones that make the media on a large scale and everyone around the nation hears about it and usually gets involved by letting everyone know their opinion on the case. The next layer which is a little smaller is labeled serious felonies. There are more of these cases than there are the celebrated cases, but there still aren’t just outrageous numbers of these either. Serious felonies do not get are the ones that do not...
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...Compare the three models of the criminal justice process (the Wedding Cake, the Funnel and the Net Models) The criminal justice process is very complex process and varies from state to state. Three models of the criminal justice process as discussed and reviewed in chapter 9 of out textbook are the funnel, wedding and net. (Meyer, Grant 2003) In this essay I will compare these three models of the criminal justice process and give my opinion on which model I think best describes the criminal justice system as it is today. I will also give you a rationale for the choice that I choose. The first model I will discuss is the funnel model. This model looks at how decisions are made at each level in the criminal justice process and sort out those people and cases that it feels should not go through the entire process from those whom it feels should. This process is used as a means of limiting the number cases to a small percentage of cases that have to be resolved by trial advocacy and incarceration. The process limits the amount of offenders in court and incarcerated at any given time. The benefit of this model is it prevents the criminal justice system from becoming backed up. The truth is the criminal Justice system is already backed up, and crimes are increasing on a daily basis. A common misconception of the funnel process is that it "lets criminals off,” however this is not true. Most cases are often dismissed or pleas are bargained due to lack of evidence. The truth is that...
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...The conflict and crime model of justice places a high priority on reducing criminal activity in society by increasing the powers of law enforcement personnel and the prosecutors. The consensus and due process model places emphasis on the individual’s rights and liberty and is concerned about the overwhelming power of the government over the individual. The role each plays is the same, which means each model is funded by the government. The crime control model is in complete agreement with programs that are funded to prosecute with an iron hand. The due process model supporters want less government involvement and more humane treatment. The United States is at great risk in the war against terror. The American homeland is not secure even though there have been several new laws passed such as the Patriot Act, the Visa Reform Act, enhanced border security, and reorganization of several federal government agencies into the Department of Homeland Security. The United States Department of Justice has asked that state and local law enforcement help secure the American homeland. The federal government has groups involved in maintaining border security, other officers working on immigration enforcement, but many feel as though the government has taken a “hear no evil, see no evil and speak no evil” approach to illegal immigration. Police at the state and local levels often are puzzled about how much authority they have in regard to immigration laws. Local law enforcement officers...
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...Criminal Justice System Paper According to the dictionary, Crime is “An action or an instance of negligence that is deemed injurious to the public welfare or morals or to the interests of the state and that is legally prohibited. (Lexico Publishing, 2012) ”. Any act that is considered to be unlawful and where society has agreed upon a just punishment for such actions when these acts have been performed is considered to be a crime. These crimes may be violent crimes, white collar crimes, motor vehicle violations, even jay- walking or littering. One of the most common models of how society determines which acts are criminal is the crime-control model, which is a perception that stresses the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders. In the late 1960’s, this model was first brought to the attention of the academic community in Stanford University law professor Herbert Packer’s incisive presentation of the state of criminal justice. This model is sometimes referred to as Packer’s crime-control model. The other most common model of how society determines which acts are criminal is the due process model which is a criminal justice perspective the stresses individual rights at all stages of justice system processing. This process is intended to make sure that innocent people are not convicted of crimes. This is an essential part of the justice system in America. Facts are individually and carefully considered for each case to be determined. The police are required...
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...require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User Criminal Justice in Action, 7th Edition Larry K. Gaines and Roger LeRoy Miller © 2013 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales...
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...The Restorative Justice Model aims to repair the harm caused by the crime through cooperative practices among victims, offenders, and the community. Primarily, restorative justice well-known target is the victim(s) of a crime. Through restorative justice the victim(s) can receive restitution or some kind of meditation. Many times after a crime victims are left to deal with the aftermath of the violation that was taken against them. Restorative justice model aims to bring the victim, their offender, and the community together in order to repair the relationships that were destroyed by the criminal act. Many times crime is seen as an injury that requires healing and it is important to repair it. Arguably, restorative justice model is an effective for Criminal Justice due it concept that justice is more efficient when the offender is confronted by the community and perform a service to the community. Paying restitution is also a common part of restorative justice model. This form of justice seems to seek more of a rehabilitation aim than an incarceration aim. Further, the Restorative Justice Model allows for different opportunities in areas outside the criminal justice system. Restorative practices have been developed as a means for practitioners to use the values and practices of the restorative justice approach. Under this model there are basic...
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...Criminal Justice System Paper Pablo Zausa CJA/204 September 25, 2012 Professor Brent Kagawa Criminal Justice System Paper In CJi module interactive learning, crime is defined “ a conduct in violation of the criminal laws of the state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse.” There are many points of view and controversies in defining what crime is, it is complex and very difficult to agree upon. From a sociological standpoint, it suggests that the concept of crime should include many behaviors that are not defined by laws or the political process. It views crime as any antisocial act the needs to be repressed to maintain society. In psychological standpoint, it suggests that the crime is an individual’s way of expressing the inability to follow the social norms. The psychological view does not care about the traditional elements of crime, if a person cannot respond appropriately or effectively to the demands of the environment, then the individual is criminal or maladaptive. Other people define crime that any wrongdoing and action against the law of God whether as revealed in the Bible, the Koran, or the Torah which naturally recognize as against God’s will irrespectively of what the State of law say it is still a crime. My definition of a crime is any unethical behaviors, actions that a person committed against the law whether it is the State, Federal government, local jurisdictions...
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...Criminal Justice System Criminal Justice System Crime is defined in different ways by different sources. I will show two different sources that define crime but ultimately they mean the same thing just worded differently. The definition of crime in The Merriam-Webster dictionary is defined as an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law; especially : a gross violation of law. Crime defined in the criminal justice field is defined as conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or local jurisdiction for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse. There is a very unique relationship between crime and the law. If there are no laws then what constitutes a crime? There would be no crime because there would be no violations that would be punishable. This would cause mass chaos among the people. People would take matters into their own hands. Each individual would become their own judge, juror, and executioner. This is something that society could not handle and this is why there is a need for order by making laws and enforcing them. The two most common models that society deems what and which acts are criminal are the Consensus model and the Conflict model. The Consensus model is a perspective from the criminal justice field that it is assumed that all the components work together consistently to...
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...Criminal Justice System Paper Introduction In the field of Criminal Justice in America it is important to explore the parts of the criminal justice systems and the processes that occur. Many of the parts and processes in the Criminal Justice System shall be discussed in this work. Crime will be defined in relation to the law. Models of how society views acts as criminals will be reviewed. Choice theories will also be revealed in this work. The Instruments and government structure in relation to criminal justice shall be reviewed as well in this paper Criminal justice is exciting to review. Crime What is crime? Crime has an important definition with an important relation to the law. Crime is not defined by any one individual. It is important to explore what crime is defined as in society. Crime is, conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse. There is no justifying or excusing these acts (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 7). Crimes definition plays a major role in determining which acts are criminal as well as the models that are presented. Government Structure The government is structured in such a way as to support the Criminal Justice System in America. The first part of that structure is the Constitution. The Constitution outlines laws, freedoms and power to several governmental agencies. Government first plays a role in making laws. Then insure enforcement...
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...Criminal Acts and Choices Paper Your Name Here CJA/204 University of Phoenix Criminal Acts and Choices Over the years there have been several different schools of theory which have been developed with the intent of explaining and understanding criminal behavior. These schools of theory include sociological, biological, psychobiological, psychological, classical, social process, emergent, and conflict. There are a variety of factors which play a role in determining what is considered criminal activity. Several factors within social, political, and economic inequities have had a roll in creating conflict within society which has led to criminal activities. As a part of the human development process, failed self-direction, an absence of “normal” opportunities, association with defective individuals, inadequate social roles as well as social organization and disorganization are a variety of factors which have led to individuals engaging in what is considered criminal activities. Some theorists say that criminal behavior derives from psychobiological factors such as hormones and human DNA; while others point to inappropriate behavioral conditioning as a contributing factor to criminal activity. During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries a classical school of crime causation dominated criminology. Prior to classical theories, superstitious beliefs and mysticism explained the reasoning for deviance. The classical school recognized rationality...
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...The Criminal Justice System in Modern Day Society According to Schmalleger (2015) the American experience with crime during the last half century has been especially influential in shaping the criminal justice system of today. Crime is defined as “conduct in violation of the criminal laws of the state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse,” (Schmalleger, 2015). Therefore, what constitutes a crime is regulated by local, state and federal laws. Moreover, what is deemed a crime in one state may not be a crime in another state; this is because each unit of government is charged with defining what is classified as a crime within that particular jurisdiction. Likewise, each governmental agency is responsible for the detection and subsequent prosecution of crimes that are committed. Society determines which acts are criminal by using two models known respectively as the consensus model and the conflict model. Schmalleger (2015) suggest that the consensus model is based on majority of the people within a society sharing the same values and beliefs. This group of people determined what is considered right and what is considered wrong. If a member of the groups acts in opposition of the agreed upon norms, and the act threatens the safety of well being of the group, the act is considered illegal and therefore is subject to reprimand. The conflict model seems to suggest that criminal acts are...
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...Week 2 individual assignment October 27, 2011 CJA/204 In the following paragraphs choice theories will be described as well as how they specifically relate to crime. Common models on how society determines which acts are or are not criminal in nature and how they impact choice theories directly will also be made known in this paper. The first topic at hand is choice theories. What are choice theories? According to Wikipedia (2011) “the term choice theory is the work of William Glasser, MD, author of the book so named, and is the culmination of some 50 years of theory and practice in psychology and counseling. Choice Theory posits that behavior is central to our existence and is driven by five genetically driven needs, similar to those of Abraham Maslow: Survival (food, clothing, shelter, breathing, personal safety and others) and four fundamental psychological needs: Belonging/connecting/love, Power/significance/competence, Freedom/autonomy, and, Fun/learning” So in short it is safe to say that choice theories would be perspectives on crime causes states that criminal activities are the after thoughts of a conscious decision or choice. Choice theory is also known as rational choice theory. Rational choice theory is when a criminal feels the need to defy the law even though they know the consequences do not outweigh the benefit of doing so. Choice theory states that there is a central behavior to our existence and this is...
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...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Criminal Justice SSecurity Security | | |CJS/220 Version 4 | | |The Court System | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introduction and overview of the legal system, the participants, the courtroom process, and post-conviction process of the court system. It demonstrates the connections among participants and how they relate to each other. Additionally, the course covers the history of the court system and the different types of court at the state and federal levels. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the...
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...Criminal Justice System Nancy Donis CPSS/210 February 29, 2016 Stephen Gillespie Abstract In this week’s assignment I am to define crime and its relationship to the law. And the most common models of how society determines which act are criminal, describe the government structure as it applies to the criminal justice system, Identify choices theories and the assumptions regarding the crime, describe the components of the criminal justice system. Below I will explain all of the questions for this assignment. Criminal Justice System Define crime and its relationship to the law, and the most common models of how society determines which acts are criminal. Crime is when someone does an action that violates the criminal law of the state, county or city you are in. The crime someone that does a harmful act not only to an individual or individuals but also to the community, society or the state. It can be anything from murder, rape and theft. Society determines which acts are criminal by what the society considers to be safe and normal and it can be determined by how society interacts. What society determines or beliefs what is normal is differently judged in different countries and also the penalty of the crimes. For example the United Arab Emirates implemented capital punishment against all law offenders. In the Islamic Kingdom alcohol is considered illegal. Malaysia implements mandatory death penalty on seven ounces of marijuana. Describe the government structure as...
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...Criminal Justice System Lori Labrecque CJA/204 February 9, 2015 Robert Bradley The criminal justice system has goals that it tries to achieve. The criminal justice system is to respond in the name of society when there is a crime that has been committed. Crime is a harmful act or omission against the public, which the State wishes to prevent and, upon conviction, is punishable by fine, imprisonment, and/or death. (Burton, 2007) No conduct constitutes a crime unless it is declared criminal in the laws of the country. Some crimes (such as theft or criminal damage) may also be civil wrongs for which the victims may claim damages in compensation. (Burton, 2007) Laws are defined as a set of rules, regulations and principles that follow how society runs. Crime cannot be prevented, laws are meant to create order; order is necessary so that individuals in society know what is acceptable or unacceptable behavior socially and morally. Individuals know that if they do not stay in the bounds of acceptable behavior that there will be consequences of varying severity in response to their actions. These consequences act as deterrents but are meant to further remind us not to repeat that action or behavior. These consequences also reinforce others on what would happen to them should they engage in criminal acts. The two most common models of how society determines which acts are criminal are the consensus model and the conflict model. The consensus model consists of the agencies...
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