...Improving Classification in Criminal Profiling The article I chose to do is Improvement of Thematic Classification in Offender Profiling: Classifying Serbian Homicides Using Multiple Correspondence, Cluster, and Discriminant Function Analyses written by Alasdair Goodwill, Jared Allen, and Dag Kolarevic. The research they conducted was about finding new and improved ways, through thematic classification of certain homicides, to profile the possible offender. In their research they conducted two separate homicide investigations from to very different regions being Serbia and North Korea. Their goal was to use a new method of profiling to initially obtain the perpetrator and prove that the new way of profiling does indeed work efficiently. They worked these separate cases by using traditional profiling methods and researching methods such as sample, variables and data coding, and analysis of crime scene behavior. Their findings resulted in the conclusion that in the homicides, high frequency behaviors resulted in murder and they were able to pinpoint this in the relevant homicide cases as well. They did note some limitations of their research being, the variables such as the firearm used in the homicide and the particular offenders life. This relates to me because this is part of what I want to do as a career in my future. Most people may not be able to relate well to it otherwise. Works Cited Goodwill, Alasdair M., Jared C. Allen, and Dag Kolarevic. "Improvement Of Thematic...
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...Criminal Justice The literature on criminal profiling has risen to a considerable volume. It includes not only a high number of true criminals but also many scholars’ articles and texts. In light of this, the paper will be on the history of profiling, with specific analysis of inductive and deductive profiling. History of Profiling Offender profiling also referred to as criminal profiling, offender analysis psychological profiling or simply profiling is an investigative exercise that was initially established to provide behavioral counsel to the police investigations. Likewise, people have projected many definitions of what essentially institutes a profile, and what the objectives of this advice should be. Petherick (2009) says it is an educated endeavor to provide investigation organizations with particular information on who is alleged to have executed a criminal offense. Nevertheless, whereas many variation exists about content and...
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...Validity, Benefits, and Liabilities of Criminal Profiling The First Issue Related to the Validity of the Information/Research on Which the Criminal Profiling is based The first issue related to the validity of the information/research on which the criminal profile is based is Psychological Autopsies, issues stemming from psychologist who are not well trained in this area when trying to determine the cause of death in a client. Anonymous (2013) states that, if different psychologist were to be given the same information involving a suicide case, would the outcome of their diagnosis be the same? (para. 5). How can this question be answered? If these psychologist form and present different opinions using the same information, then there would not be any validity to the psychologist’s opinions. According to research, there will always be conflicting outcomes between psychologists when it comes to any conclusions as to how a person met their demise. Psychologist are in the profession to serve the public and not mislead their clients. They are bound by ethics to make sure that the information that is generated and put out to the public is valid. The Second Issue Related to the Validity of the Information/Research on Which the Criminal Profiling is based The second issue related to the validity of the information/research on which the criminal profile is based Bartol (2009 pg. 79) is Profiling Procedures that are used when gathering...
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...Racial profiling is not the same thing as criminal profiling. Racial profiling is any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national orgin rather than the behavior of an individual or information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being. or having been, engaged in criminal activity. Criminal profiling is any police- initiated action that used the compilation of the background, physical, behavioral, and motivational characteristics for a type of perpretrator that lead the police. Racial profiling does not only violate constitutional rights, but is also ineffective if used in policing. The major reason to oppose racial profiling (aside from constitutional and moral grounds) is that it simply doesn’t work. Empirical studies show that when police use race or ethnic appearance as a factor in law enforcement, their effectiveness in apprehending criminals decreases. Even worse, it has often led to “accidental” deaths, such as the fatal shootings of African American and Latino men. On the other hand, criminal profiling is effective when applied to policing. Profiling units examine criminal behaviour to discover the characteristics of the offender and the causes of their crimes. Profilers look at three areas of the criminal’s behaviour: verbal, physical, and sexual interaction with victims. To create a criminal profile, profilers consider statistics, basic psychological principles, crime scene behaviour, victimology...
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...Deductive and Inductive Criminal Profiling In when interpreting the personal and behavioral characteristic to identify a suspect of a crime, two primary forms of logic can be using in conducting an investigation: inductive and deductive. Inductions consists of generalizations or assumptions that are formed based on what has been observed. Inductions, like predictions, may not always be accurate. Profilers who develop their logic base off of experience or observation without any provable or verifiable science based theories, ultimately allow bias conclusions to form. On the contrary, deductive profiling is an evidence-based, process-oriented method of investigative reasoning based off of the behavioral patterns of a particular offender...
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...In this world where chaos and animosity and racism run, we as Average Americans have a really big problem with racial profiling in the Criminal Justice system and is it a hindrance or help. A question that we must ask ourselves, should we allow racial profiling during investigations? Like many of you I would say absolutely not, however the thought of racial profiling has been around for centuries and can be traced back to slavery days. Racial profiling was established by stopping any black person and demanding for papers because they weren’t with their white owners. “The United States imprisons a higher percentage of its black population than the apartheid in South Africa”. [1]. The article with further reading goes to state that one point in the life of the Black male one-in-three will serve time in jail at some point in their lives and that between the Blacks and Latino population they have a much higher contact rate with the Criminal Justice system than the average White male. It seems to be that the reason why this is is because of lack of education, low income areas of living. However, we see that there are quite a few that have made it out of this traditional role. There are several famous people that have overcome the harshness of the stigmatize that we as Americans put on people. Pit Bull a.k.a. Armando Christian Pérez who is of Cuban decent and was raised in the slums of Cuba. He worked hard and went for his dream of becoming a famous rapper. There is...
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...Racial profiling is everywhere. A black or brown colored person can’t go shopping without being followed, or they can’t drive without being stopped based on their race or ethnicity. Racial profiling defined by U.S department of Justice as: Any police-initiated action that relies on the race,ethnicity,or national origin rather than the behavior of an individual or information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being, or having been,engaged in criminal activity. ( United States Department of Justice, 2000). Racial Profiling is an occurring problem in the U.S that needs to stop. Racial Profiling is one of the most active pressing issues in the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system has and...
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...Validity, Benefits and Liabilities of Criminal Profiling To have knowledge of criminal profiling it is necessary to know that it is an analysis of the information that has been gathered and researched relating to a specific crime and has been validated prior to submission. Criminal profiling consist what happened according to eyewitnesses of the crime, physical evidence or a valid confession from a suspect (Bartol & Bartol, 2012). Criminal profiling has proven to be a valuable tool involving criminal investigations and is used by forensic psychologists. There are factors that become involved when compiling a profile such as liabilities and limitations related to personality traits that are identifiable, particular behavior exhibited, and characteristics specific to the offender and the criminal act (Bartol & Bartol, 2012). There is doubt regarding the use of criminal profiling within the law enforcement community as this type of investigating may not present the reliability this approach may offer and it would be reflected in the validity. Criminal profiling is in many cases unreliable so professionals tend to choose analytical criminal investigating to help alleviate errors involving demographics, behaviors or cognitive issues relating to the suspect (Bartol & Bartol, 2012). Errors could involve bias against a particular culture, race or geographical area which would impair the outcome of an investigation. Another issue of importance is relating to the evidence found at...
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...Analysis of Racial Profiling In the Criminal Justice System Police officers today face many challenges. Some concerns include dangers or safety concerns related to being a police officer, questions of the use of force and the public’s perception of officers being corrupt. Additionally, with cases of deaths and accusations that have come to the forefront about police throughout the United Stated, questions about police racial profiling have also come to light. Today’s police are considered to be corrupt and prejudice against minorities. Their image has been tarnished and police are now seen as the enemy. Many compare today’s law enforcement officers to the police officers that were prejudice and brutalized blacks during the civil rights movement. If police are to change the public’s perception of them so they can get back to the business of protecting and serving, they must address issues of racial profiling, police brutality and the criminal just system must partner with the community to reduce crime rates and recidivism rates among minorities. First, racial profiling is defined as “any police action initiated on the basis of race, ethnicity, or national origin of a suspect; rather than on the behavior of the individual or on information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity (Ramirez, 2008, p.3). Originally, racial profiling was used to combat the issue of drugs and assist with...
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...Racial Profiling in the U.S. Criminal Justice System Student’s Name Institution Racial Profiling in the U.S. Criminal Justice System Racial profiling is among the key problems that are cited in the U.S. criminal justice system. The American Civil Liberties Union(2016) defines racial profiling as a discriminatory practice by law enforcement officers of using individual’s race, ethnicity, religion among other traits as grounds for suspicion Racial profiling has particularly affected the black Americans and other minority groups. Research shows that these minority groups and especially the black Americans are overrepresented in the U.S. Criminal system despite the fact that they constitute just a small percentage of the total U.S. population. History of Racial Profiling in the United States Racial profiling is an old problem dating back to a number of centuries ago. The history of racial profiling is ingrained in a number of historical events that cast African Americans in an inferior light. In 1704, South Carolina created the first slave patrol in which white men oversaw black slaves on plantations as well as hunting down fugitive slaves. Black Americans, most of which were slaves had to produce passes as proof of having permission not to be in plantations, or if they had been emancipated, they were required to carry with them freedom papers to show that they were free. Black people were exposed to interrogations...
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...Racial Profiling in the U.S. Criminal Justice System Racial profiling is among the key problems that are cited in the U.S. criminal justice system. The American Civil Liberties Union(2016) defines racial profiling as a discriminatory practice by law enforcement officers of using individual’s race, ethnicity, religion among other traits as grounds for suspicion Racial profiling has particularly affected the black Americans and other minority groups. Research shows that these minority groups and especially the black Americans are overrepresented in the U.S. Criminal system despite the fact that they constitute just a small percentage of the total U.S. population. History of Racial Profiling in the United States Racial profiling is an old problem dating back to a number of centuries ago. The history of racial profiling is ingrained in a number of historical events that cast African Americans in an inferior light. In 1704, South Carolina created the first slave patrol in which white men oversaw black slaves on plantations as well as hunting down fugitive slaves. Black Americans, most of which were slaves had to produce passes as proof of having permission not to be in plantations, or if they had been emancipated, they were required to carry with them freedom papers to show that they were free. Black people were exposed to interrogations, harassments, physical torture and even death if they were found to have run away...
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...Racial Profiling in the U.S. Criminal Justice System Racial profiling is among the key problems that are cited in the U.S. criminal justice system. The American Civil Liberties Union(2016) defines racial profiling as a discriminatory practice by law enforcement officers of using individual’s race, ethnicity, religion among other traits as grounds for suspicion Racial profiling has particularly affected the black Americans and other minority groups. Research shows that these minority groups and especially the black Americans are overrepresented in the U.S. Criminal system despite the fact that they constitute just a small percentage of the total U.S. population. History of Racial Profiling in the United States Racial profiling is an old problem dating back to a number of centuries ago. The history of racial profiling is ingrained in a number of historical events that cast African Americans in an inferior light. In 1704, South Carolina created the first slave patrol in which white men oversaw black slaves on plantations as well as hunting down fugitive slaves. Black Americans, most of which were slaves had to produce passes as proof of having permission not to be in plantations, or if they had been emancipated, they were required to carry with them freedom papers to show that they were free. Black people were exposed to interrogations, harassments, physical torture and even death if they were found to have run away...
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...In the United States’ criminal justice system, African-Americans are often directly targeted and punished in a more aggressive manner than their white counterparts. As a result, it has become a race-based institution where African-Americans are oppressed while white men and women are embraced as well as defended. Police officers tend to stop blacks and Latinos at rates that are much higher than whites, due this systemic racism as well as racial profiling. As a result, this has led to an increase in black incarceration rates, representing about forty percent of the prison population. Thus, those that primarily benefit from this systemic racism are middle-class to high-class white individuals. This is because white individuals often tend to get...
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...Criminal Profiling: The Public Face of Forensic Psychology Jason Evans Brandman University Table of contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Literature review 4 Discussion 7 Personal interest in the topic 10 References 11 Abstract The utilisation of psychological concepts has been extended in many fields in seeking to enhance understanding of human behaviours. Forensic psychology is one of the various psychological filed which have developed out of the necessity to apply psychology in different fields. This article discusses the element of forensic psychology in relation to the various issues arising within the field. A discussion of the various issues highlights ethical aspects as the main causes of many challenges faced in the field. The complexity of the setting under which the psychological practice is conducted makes the topic become one of the interesting psychological segments that can be studied. Introduction Forensic psychology can be defined as the utilisation of psychological concepts, skills, and insights in seeking to enhance the understanding of various elements of legal and criminal justice systems. Within the context of the subject various psychological and legal aspects become combined in seeking to understand the functioning and operations of criminal systems (Davies & Beech, 2012). This approach to criminal justice involves various activities involved in the delivery of justice, ranging from the enforcement to treatment of suspects...
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...In this paper, I will be focusing on the act of racial profiling, which has become quite common in the contemporary society. Racial profiling refers to the practice of using race as the main ground for suspecting individuals of having committed an offense. I will be sharing this article with the history professor in Sunderland University. Racial Profiling Component of Article The article that I will review and is related to this topic on racial profiling is named “Race and Justice: Wrongful Convictions of African American Men” is written by Feagin Joe. Precisely, this article mainly talks about how the African Americans tend to be wrongly convicted due to racial prejudice and discrimination (Feagin, 2013). In order to gather adequate...
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