...Ego Defence Mechanisms Introduction Ego psychology embodies a more optimistic and growth oriented view of human functioning and potential than do the earlier theoretical formulation. It generated changes in the study and assessment process and led to an expansion and systemization Of interceptive strategies with individuals. It fostered a re-conceptualization of the clinic worker relation ship, of change mechanisms, and of the interventive process. It helped to refocus the importance of wok of with the social environment as well as work with the family and the group. Moreover, it has important implications for the design of service delivery, large-scale social programs, and social policy. DEFINITION OF DEFENCE MECHANISM Ego-defense mechanisms are learned, usually during early childhood and are considered to be maladaptive when they become the predominant means of coping with stressors. What is EGO psychology? Ego psychology comprises a related set of theoretical concepts about human behavior that focus on the origins, development, structure, and functioning of the executive arm of the personality _the ego_ and its relationship to other aspects of the personality and to the external environment. The ego is considered to be a mental structure of the personality responsible for negotiating between the internal needs of the individual and the outside world. The following seven propositions characterize ego psychology’s view of human...
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...In Social Learning Theory, human behaviour is explained in terms of a three-way, dynamic, reciprocal theory in which personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior continually interact. A basic premise of Social Learning Theory is that people learn not only through their own experiences, but also by observing the actions of others and the results of those actions. In the 1970s, Albert Bandura published a comprehensive framework for understanding human behaviour, based on a cognitive formulation which he named the Social Cognitive Theory. That framework is currently the dominant version used in health behaviour and health promotion; however, it is still often referred to as Social Learning Theory. The impetus for this special issue on HIV came from a discussion a few years ago during which we established a shared interest in a revival of the sort of scholarly innovation that characterized the early years of the HIV epidemic. As far back as the early 1980s, social theorists, cultural, critics, artists and others created a vibrant body of work on HIV/AIDS. Working from various theoretical and disciplinary sites they steadfastly emphasized the ‘social’ for understanding the significance of AIDS and opened up new avenues for critiquing and re-imagining scientific, cultural and social responses to infectious disease. At its best, this work served also as an impetus for queer theory, various feminist critiques and a range of research under the rubric of science, medicine...
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...Karin-mod Style CONTENTS Learning unit PREFACE SECTION 1 A theoretical framework 1 The pastoral role of the educator in South African public schools: a theoretical framework SECTION 2 Practical examples 2 Understanding cultural diversity in my public school classroom 3 The ABC of building schools for an integrated South African society à diverse people unite 4 Education for human rights and inclusivity 5 Child abuse: an educator's guide for the Senior Phase and FET 6 HIV/AIDS education at school 7 Educators' pastoral role in their schools and communities: an opportunity to care SECTION 3 Crisis and trauma in adolescence 8 Crisis: the theory 9 The crisis intervener and the person in crisis: prevention, prejudice and the intervener 10 Crisis intervention: general models 11 The skills for ensuring a positive relationship and interview between the crisis intervener and the adolescent in crisis SECTION 4 The religious world of the learner 12 Understanding religious diversity in my school 186 122 136 144 168 16 24 41 57 81 92 Page (iv) 2 EDPHOD8/1/2012±2014 (iii) PREFACE The study material for this module comprises four sections. Section 1: The theoretical framework for the pastoral role of the educator (see learning unit 1) Section 2: Practical examples to illustrate the applied competence of the community, citizenship and pastoral role (see learning units 2 to 7) Section 3: Knowledge, skills, values and attitudes pertaining to the handling of crises and trauma in adolescent...
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...The Role and Life of a Mental Health Counselor COUN 6100-13 Intro to Mental Health Counseling Component I: Narrative Summation of Interview Mrs. Washington-Williams was able to explain to me the difference from a mental health counselor and a social worker. Mental health counselors focus on interventions and preventions for their clients. Although social worker and mental health counselors have some similar things in common there are also some that are different when it comes to working with our clients. A normal day according to Mrs. Washington-Williams goes as her checking in on her clients throughout the day, having one-on-one counseling session, group counseling, and looking over the client goals to determine if the client has worked towards their goals and made progress. All counselors do struggle with ethical and legal issues; but they do keep in mind on can help and hurt them. Because of that she has to keep in mind that the client she is working has a great imagination. Some of the clients like to come up with stories and see if anything will be done. She did state that an investigation is and reviewed to see if the stories are true or false. Not all counselors go by theories and apply them in their practice but they still acknowledge them. When asked about theories she stated that due to every client is different and the treatment various; she do not use theories as often but when they are need she does the research and apply what...
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...Ageing is a life course that comprises the later part of life, the period of deterioration and the end of the human life cycle. The social roles: retirement, social relationships: widowhood, personal goals, financial and functional independence are changing that render human beings progressively more likely to die (Medawar, 1952). “aging is a broad concept that includes physical changes in our bodies over adult life; psychological changes in our minds and mental capacities, social psychological changes in what we think and believe, and social changes in how we are viewed, what we can expect, and what is expected of us” (Acthley & Barusch, 2004:4). Therefore, elders have a lot of thoughts about death and dying. This needs to be recognized and...
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... HCA430: Special Populations Instructor: Monica Vargas May 2, 2015 Picture This A Snapshot of Homelessness Imagine if you will, for one moment, a reflection of your daily life. For most, it began like any other day; you awoke from your warm and comfortable bed, showered, chose your outfit for the day, ate breakfast, and then went to work or school. As the day came to end, after earning a solid days wage, you went home to a nice warm dinner ready on the table, a bed with fresh linens awaited your tired and heavy eyes, and for the rest of the evening and into the night you slept on a pillow of dreams. This is in essence the American dream is it not? To have the basic needs that to some may come as a surprise, many Americans do not have. According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, “In January 2014, there were 578,424 people experiencing homelessness on any given night in the United States” (National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2015). Many people would be in agreement that the above noted agenda is fairly normal; shelter, food, clothing, education, and family are all blessings and amenities that we take for granted but nonetheless are things that every individual deserves to have. Unfortunately, these are things that many people must suffer without. Scholarly research that spans over the course of two decades has continually and firmly established the emergence and persistence of indigent and homeless individuals in the United States. Our growing understanding...
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...Skills and Characteristics of Mental Health Human Service Workers BSHS 471 Skills and Characteristics of Mental Health Human Service Workers Skills and characteristics are essential in the Human Service Profession to be efficient in helping the clients. The Human Service Professional is a one of a kind individual, which requires skills and certain characteristics that very few people have. This paper will discuss the skills and characteristics and the definition of the two which are essential in this field, as well as the writer’s skills and characteristics that will lead to a successful career as a Human Service Professional. According to "Merriam Webster" (2014) the definition of skill is “the ability to do something that comes from training, experience, or practice” (skill). According to "Merriam Webster" (2014) the definition of characteristic is “a special quality or trait that makes a person, thing, or group different from others” (characteristic) Working in the Human Services field can be a very stressful and over whelming job for many people. I believe that there are people that were born to help others and those that have been taught to be caring and compassionate. While not every person is cut out to be on the front line of this field, those that are become very skillful people. It takes a special person to be willing to give up their lives and time to help others and to not make a lot of money is a characteristic he or she has naturally. This group...
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...Case: Anglo American PLC in South Africa (from Lesson 5) 1 Who are the various stakeholders that Anglo American needs to consider as it adopts an effective HIV/AIDs strategy? - Anglo American employees and their families - Government bodies - Non- Profit organizations (NGOs)/ World Health Organization (WHO) - Competitors/ Other large mining concerns or companies operating in South Africa - Pharmaceutical companies - National Union of Mine Workers - Financial Institutions - Shareholders 2 What are the pros and cons of Anglo American’s adoption of an aggressive strategy in combating HIV/AIDS among its South African workforce? What recommendations would you give the company concerning its HIV/AIDS policy? Pros: - Prevented further operating loss and increased productivity. - Bright future as government started national strategic plan to combat HIV/AIDS. - By adopting the strategy, the company achieves trust and commitment from ethical minded shareholders. - It got good response from WHO, Global business council for HIV/AIDS and other NGOs, this makes the company a socially responsible organization in Global business. - It became a trend setter for other major companies operating in South Africa, thus gaining a goodwill among other companies Cons: -This program had spiraling costs for the company as the distribution of the medicines remained high. - It was unable to determine if its efforts are making a difference in underlying problem as one...
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...+603 9876 9990 Email: talentwork.com.au 6th May 2013 Dear Dr Jasvir Kaur, As requested we hereby submit this analysis report for Domino. In this report, we have reviewed the nature of Domino’s crisis, root reason for this event, the impact of the event on the whole corporate as well analysis of Domino’s reactions and response. At last, we provide recommendations regarding with this issue and expected future outcome. We would like to express our sincere thanks for your guidance and support during the process of compiling this report. If you have any queries, please do not hesitate to contact us. Thank you. Yours sincerely, Du Mengting, Haolin Huang, Cheong Wai Yee, Lu Li, Xiaodan Wang Table of Contents LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 PART A 5 1.0 Timeline of Major Events 5 2.0 Social Media Effects 6 3.0 Root causes of the Domino’s Pizza issues 7 4.0 A discussion of the major stakeholders affected 8 PART B 10 5.0 Things that Domino’s Pizza need to say or do in relation to the crisis 10 6.0 When Domino’s Pizza should respond to the public 11 7.0 Interventions of the roots causes 12 8.0 Medium that Domino’s Pizza should use to deliver its message 13 Conclusion 15 PART C 17 9.0 Team Reflection Report 17 9.1 Our team goal and achievement 17 9.2 Communication challenges 17 9.3 Group performance 18 9.4 Strategies for team performance improvement 19 9.5...
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...Geometry Teacher: I hear you. What’s more, our special ed teachers don’t seem to be working with these kids separately like they did when I first started teaching. But that was before inclusion, collaboration, and co-teaching became part of our teaching vocabulary. Music Teacher: And before national “experts” had come up with things like No Child Left Behind and Common Core Standards. English Teacher: Well, anyway, I was told that one of the special ed teachers is coming to our next departmental meeting to consult with us and talk about our roles in helping these students with their special needs. I understand we’re going to be asked to set aside time to collaborate with the special ed teachers. That’s along with all the other things we do, of course. We may even be encouraged to do some co-teaching with other teachers. Physical Education Teacher/Coach: Hmmm, don’t those two words cancel each other out? “Consult” and “collaborate,” I mean. I believe you English teachers call that an oxymoron. Music Teacher: I guess I’d be inclined to consult a tax accountant for some expert advice, but I think of collaboration as where everyone works together—you know, collaboration as in laboring together—to accomplish some common goals they’ve agreed on. As for...
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...vital part of running any organization. The staff you select should be a reflection of yourself and your organization. You’d always want someone who is determined and hardworking; someone who likes to think outside the box in order to come up new and innovative ideas. Selecting the right staff to perform various duties is essential and allows for supervisors and managers to work on other areas within the company. Before I select new staff remembers, I will assess the need and perform observation of staff within the company to see which areas are needed and which areas could use assistance. Within the mental health field, there is a need for hands on supports and services. These supports and services range from assisting with medication administration to assisting with apartment or room maintenance; other supports include escorting individuals to and from medical appointments, money management and budgeting to travel training. These supports are mandated from the state to be implemented into each agencies programming. There are safety factor that play a huge role in securing overall staff and consumers staff, fire safety, First Aid and CPR; as well as, strategies in crisis intervention and prevention and choking prevention and aspiration. It would be ideal to select staffs that have already completed the required course. This would save the agency from paying to train new employees on these courses. Also when a new employee is hired with all the necessary training they...
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...times a debate has sprung regarding the sickly who are terminally ill. Although some believe that physician-assisted suicide should not be legalized because it is a moral issue that they maintain is unnecessary and what it boils down to a lack of physician training that puts undue pressure on patients to opt for suicide, the procedure should be legalized because, when death is imminent, people should not be limited by laws that affect their basic human rights, forcing them to live in agonizing pain due to inadequate medical services, and allow them to die with dignity. If physician-assisted suicide were legalized then terminally ill people would be relieved from having to endure unnecessary pain and suffering when, even with medical intervention, the patient is forced to endure an agonizing demise. Assisting in more than 130 terminally ill patient suicides between 1990 and 1998, Dr. Jack Kevorkian believed that terminally ill patients should be allowed to determine when they were ready to die. He went on to say "I'm trying to knock the medical profession into accepting its responsibilities, and those responsibilities include assisting their patients with death (McLellan, D., 2011).” By definition, physician-assisted suicide is when a physician provides terminally ill patients with a potentially lethal prescription that they could ingest on their own to...
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...Analyzing the Impact of the Internet By: Yaribel Velez Capella University Analyzing the Impact of the Internet “When I decided to obtain my MBA I was a bit concern with the problems all students are facing in today’s economy. I thought to myself “another loan” could I bear to afford a student loan with a high interest rate? Not many single mothers seek to gain a profession due to the rise in college tuition and high interest rates on loans. Though, I decided to pursue with my degree which will benefit me in the future. The government intervention with Obama lowering rates of federal loans back in August 2013, but I wish for more financial assistance availability. My personal opinion is that financial assistance for higher education should be a more important base topic in today’s world. There are more and more cut back on college funds each year, and to make matters worse the real cost of college has risen steadily since the 1940s. Government aides and Pell grants have been reduced significantly; and obtaining free grants has become harder. Schools have raised tuition; which drops down the students enrolling in school due to loan affordability or not enough aids available. Over the past years, access to higher education has expanded from being privileged at birth, to having a certain qualification. In (Schumpeter, 13 April 2011; Hazelkorn, 31 May 2012) the impact of the financial trouble in California on its public University system is symptomatic of problems around the...
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...20 Self-Reflection As they are intervening in complex human systems, capacity-development practitioners need to be flexible, adaptable and willing to learn from what they do. An important source of learning in real time is the processes and results of monitoring and evaluation (M&E). Bruce Britton explains M&E activities as they are commonly pursued and explores creative ways in which practitioners can use them for personal learning and selfreflection. He also provides suggestions on how this can be done under non-conducive organizational conditions. Monitoring and Evaluation for Personal Learning Bruce Britton By three methods we may learn wisdom: first, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest. (Confucius) Introduction Capacity development practitioners collaborate in efforts to improve the capabilities of complex human systems that operate and connect at different levels. First and foremost, capacity development is a process based on the assumption that better understanding and knowledge will bring about change. Also, the planning for capacity development interventions typically rely on variations of the Logical Framework Approach (LFA), which encourage careful thinking about expected outcomes and impacts. By its very nature LFA assumes that intended results of an initiative can be established in advance because the path that a capacity development process will take can be adequately...
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...operational security to support humanitarian action. Crises subject populations to forced displacement, and violence. Among the challenges associated with the humanitarian crisis, is lack of access to basic needs by the affected population and inadequate access to information by the aid providers. In addition, crises alter the cultural and social structures that affect the statuses of the men, women, and children in the society (Olsen, Carstensen, and Høyen). Basic principles of International Humanitarian Law International humanitarian law consists of rules used in times of armed conflicts to protect the victims of hostilities. The laws also restrict the methods of warfare employed during such situations. Humanity is one of the basic principles of international humanitarian law. The principle focuses on addressing suffering in the affected regions. It ensures the provision of emergency care to the affected populations wherever found. This results in protection of health and life of the affected populations. Principle of humanity ensures respect for a human being and promotion of their optimal health and wellbeing (van der Merwe). Impartiality, which is the second basic principle of the international humanitarian law, focuses on prioritizing needs of the population in crisis. Principle of impartiality recognizes that, humanitarian actions should be basing on the severity of the human need. This entails responding to the most critical cases...
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