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Cso-Policy Brief on Art Bill

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Impoverished and excluded Abused and humiliated Denied justice Exploited Untouchable

HOW CAN THIS STILL BE GOING ON IN THE 21ST CENTURY?

DALITS OF INDIA

9

What is the caste system?
Historically the caste system has formed the social and economic framework for the life of the people in India. In its essential form, caste as the system of social and economic governance is based on principles and customary rules that: < Involve the division of people into social groups (castes) where assignments of rights are determined by birth, are fixed and hereditary. < The assignment of basic rights among various castes is unequal and hierarchical, with those at the top enjoying most rights coupled with least duties and those at the bottom performing most duties coupled with no rights. < The system is maintained through the rigid enforcement of social ostracism (a system of social and economic penalties) in case of any deviations. Thus the doctrine of inequality is the core and heart of the caste system. Supported by philosophical elements, it constructs the moral, social and legal foundations of Hindu society.

What is caste-based discrimination?
The UN defines this kind of problem as ‘discrimination on the basis of work and descent’. It is an ancient form of oppressive, hierarchical social organisation that ordered people according to their family of birth. It has remained in place despite its legal abolition because of its religious sanction, the social and economic persecution of those who broke caste ‘rules’ defining the work done and the segregation between castes. The Brahminical system stated that those born into families not recognised within the major caste categories would be ‘untouchable’ and could never come into contact with the caste Hindus, lest the dominant groups be physically and spiritually defiled. Far from being a remnant of

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