...CCA Country Project China Power distance Value Power distance is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions within a country accept and expect that power is distributed unequally (Hofstede, 2005). In high power distance countries, there is a considerable dependence of subordinates on bosses while in low power distance countries there is limited dependence of subordinated on bosses. In China, there is a high power distance; there are few people in China who are very powerful, and they’re respected by everyone. The PD index of China is 80, and that is overlapping in real life, cause there is a big power distance in China. Rituals Mao Ze Dong said there could never be too many Chinese: human resources would be China's greatest defence in the widely predicted third world war. So the population of China rose from 540 million in 1950 to over 850 million by 1970 (fig 1). http://www.bmj.com/content/314/7095/1685.short This is high PD, because he decides what the whole country has to do, and he doesn’t care about what the other people want. Population projections worried Deng Xiao Ping, who was launching his economic reform programme. He regarded the curbing of population growth as essential for economic expansion and improved living standards, so the one child family policy was introduced in 1979 http://www.bmj.com/content/314/7095/1685.short This is high PD as well, because in this case Demg Xiao Ping decides for...
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...Executive Summary Cross Cultural Analysis for Doing Business in Israel Casey Horner March 26, 2014 Introduction This report was commissioned to examine the necessary cross cultural analysis factor and processes due to extending business into Israel, and it suggests concerns and strategies to have successful business in Israel. The following are utilized and expressed in the examination: * Hofstede’s Dimensions of Culture * CAGE Framework in context of distance * Strategy recommendations Hofstede’s Dimensions of Culture These dimensions of culture include power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation. Each dimension offers insight into how the country operates in business. Below is the comparison of each dimension between the United States and Israel: * Power Distance- United States: 40, Israel: 13 * Individualism- United States: 91, Israel: 54 * Masculinity- United States: 62, Israel: 47 * Uncertainty Avoidance- United States: 46, Israel: 81 * Long-Term Orientation- United States: 29, Israel: NA (Clearly Cultural, 2013) Power distance refers to the acceptance of inequality of power or status within an organization or institution. The followers, not the leaders, define this dimension. As seen above, there is more power equality, or less distance between have’s and have not’s, in Israel than in the United States. The power equality in Israel is related to the measurements in the individualism...
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...it is critical to address the needs of community members where the care is being delivered, regardless of their culture. As such, cultural competence encompasses providing care that is consistent with the culture of the patient. The key point is that developing cultural competence is a continuing process, and by no means an endpoint. The word “culture” does not limit itself to ethnicity or race, but addresses disability, income level, profession, gender, age, sexual orientation, or geographic location. The key to cultural competence is to show the utmost respect and response to beliefs and practices related to health, culture and language, and diverse population groups....
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...In her essay “Cultural Baggage,” Barbara Ehrenreich attempts to convince readers that having no culture is better than continuing the culture of their ancestors. Ehrenreich is prompted into writing this essay because she was asked about her connections to her heritage. After searching and being unable to find a strong connection, she comes to the conclusion that the culture of none is better and then tries to convince her readers of that. However, “Cultural Baggage” is ineffective because Ehrenreich fails to fulfill her purpose of convincing readers of her claim. She fails to do so because of a lack of logos, ineffective ethos, inconsistencies in her structure, and the alienation of her readers who are proud of their culture. Because of these...
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...the members of a community and which influence their [...] way of life” (Tayeb, 2003, p.10). Hence, the crux for every international manager is to understand the differences in the ways employees, suppliers and clients think, feel and act in different business settings (Hofstede, 1997, p.4). International managers, being capable of managing this challenge, possess a set of intercultural competencies, allowing them to turn cultural diversity into a competitive advantage (Browaeys and Price, 2008, p.215). This information pack provides substantial information about Danish and Brazilian business practices. The subsequent analysis is based upon the theories of the Dutch anthropologists Geert Hofstede and Fons Trompenaars. In particular, Hofstede’s “Uncertainty Avoidance” and Trompenaars’ “Ascription vs. Achievement” have been applied. 2. Theoretical Background Hofstede and Trompenaar are proponents of the ‘etic’ approach. They hold that culture is linked to people’s values. Furthermore they argue that these values can be transferred into universal cultural characteristics. Underpinned by empirical and experimental evidence, both anthropologists developed their set of bi-polar dimensions. According to Browaeys and Price (2008, p.92) these dimensions serve to differentiate national cultures. Moreover they provide implications on the impact of culture in business and management. 2.1. Geert Hofstede Hofstede’s work is based on research conducted at the multinational computing...
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...According to Sweeney (2002), Geert Hofstede’s work on cultural dimension is considered to be very important to National Cultural attribute to a person’s value. However, in this article, the method of Hofstede's work are heavily criticised as the method used to formulate the notion are unreliable and misinterpreted as the author argues. Although the questionnaires used in Hofstede’s research were filled by 117,000 people, across 66 countries working in IBM, it is not guaranteed that these people effectively represent the national culture. Hofstede argued that values are formed in school and universities. Countering this argument the writer stated that, all schools and universities do not operate in the same standard. Furthermore, organizational culture also sufficiently influences the answers. Hence, questioning people from the same organization, performing similar job, doesn’t adequately support Hofstede’s methodology. The writer has mentioned in assumption two: the national is identifiable in the micro- local that triggers Hofstede’s argue in two ways where national culture is supposed to be carried by all individuals in a nation. Firstly, presupposition may not come with great outcome in all the time based on local sites of analysis. Apart from this, without supposition there are no valid grounds for treating local as representative of the national. Secondly, Hofstede defined occupational and organizational cultures as uniform. He also stated national culture only as average...
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...considered a driving force behind human actions in any country of the world; it plays part in politics, economics, progression, and every aspect of a community. It is transmitted to generations and generations thereafter. I chose Japan because they appear distinctly different in business interactions than the United States, and as an accounting major, I have an interest in how various cultural traits may or may not determine a way a country conducts business in the global community. My research will include analysis of various dimensions of culture to include: communication, religion, ethics, values and attitudes, manners, customs, structures and organizations within Japan’s culture, and education. The analysis should reveal how the elements and dimensions of culture influence businesses conducted with locals of the region; how do the elements and dimensions as well as the local business interaction compare to the United States’ culture and local businesses; and, implications for United States’ businesses who wish to conduct business in Japan. Although the fore mentioned are the basis of the cultural analysis, I hope to unfold how past/ current political constraints limits Japan’s maturity within the global community, for example, the limitations imposed by the signing of Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security. Over fifty years ago, Japan and the United States signed the “Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security,” to assist in the containment of Communism that was overtaking the...
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...Increasing cross-cultural analysis and action skills Jones International University September 15, 2013 Situation An American Manager asks one of his subordinates who was recently transferred from Russia if it was possible for him to start the next day one hour earlier so they could finish a special account analysis before the team meeting at noon. The Russian employee responded affirmatively but next day he arrived at his usual start time. Cultural analysis United States: According to Hofstede’s dimensions, United States has a low uncertainty avoidance index (46); therefore American society accepts ambiguous situations and handles well risk. There is a great level of acceptance for new ideas, innovative products and an inclination to try new ways. At the same time, Americans are less expressive and don’t mind ideas or opinions from others since are firm believers of the freedom of speech. Russia: Russia scores at 95 in uncertainty avoidance which means they feel threatened by uncertain or confusing situations. Russians prefer detailing planning and briefing for new ventures. They prefer to have perspective and circumstantial information before involving in any business. A high index in uncertainty avoidance also impact on the way instructions and directions in the workplace are handled and noticed. Russians expect explicit instructions and direction for any task and also will give very detailed...
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...globalisation and internationalisation of trade in resources, especially human capital, has made managerial of culture differences ever so important as to understanding the different variables (Hofstede G, 2010). In this paper, the Power Distance Index (PDI) of both Chinese and aboriginal traditional cultural value and belief in family, social life and workplace is going to be examined under the scope of Hofstede’s dimensions. To a truthful stereotype, both culture heavily emphasis upon power distance in a form of age-grade social hierarchy, the variance in its operation however made these cultures unique. The value and beliefs of Confucianism has embedded upon every aspect of Chinese life, putting emphasis upon power and relationship (Irwin 2012) and creating a sense of family-centred communitarianism (W Li [Western Kentucky University] 2005, CHIN318 Lecture notes, 8 October). Indigenous aboriginals although maintained their traditional culture emphasis of power distance system through Kinship, but with various elements reduced due to western economic development, allowing more freedom of action ( Bruner 1956). Chinese Power Distance Index under the scope of Hofstede’s cultural variable scored 80 comparing to the world average of 56.5 (The Hofstede Centre) indicating that power are centralised amongst the highest members of the social organisation and a common acceptance of unequal distribution of power. In a stance for family relationship such a high level of power inequalities...
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...Fachhochschule Köln Cologne University of Applied Sciences Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Research paper of the discipline “Cross Cultural Competence SS 2012” Made by: Brovchenko Ekaterina Dzyuba Stanislav Shushunina Tatiana 2012 Content Summary 1. Targets, tasks and problems of research During the last ten years aspects of cross-cultural competence provoke theoretical and practical interest due to international relations development. Cross-cultural competence is not restricted by discussion of different questions and problems on the international level; it becomes a part of everyday people life including education sphere. Our team has received results of survey that is carried out among students of Germany, Uzbekistan and Albania. This survey about how culture affects the requirements for teaching offers. Respondents were offered to answer 26 questions according to education aspects and personal questions. In addition we had list of statistical data that should be collected about every country. For us it was necessary to compare found date and obtained results of existing survey and then to find correlation between it. We have considered three given countries: Germany, Uzbekistan and Albania. Germany, officially the Federal Republic...
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...Cultural Analysis History of France While the typical example of a nation-state, France carries a varied and culturally rich historical identity spawning from its centuries of growth. France’s birth as a nation, though difficult to date, seems to center around the conversion to Christianity by King Clovis in 496 A.D. following through to the later part of the century with the coronation of Hugh Carpet in 987. The Carpetian dynasty, which reigned for almost 900 years, came to an end in 1789 with the declaration of France as a nation by the people and the French revolution. In 843 A.D., the Treaty of Verdun roughly divided most of what is now Western Europe into the three territories of France, Germany, and Italy which was given to the 3 grandsons of Charlemagne. The three territories were ruled primarily in peace, France by Phillip Valois, until 1338 and the beginning of the Hundred Years’ War. Through the war, France won provinces that had been held by the Plantagenet king of England. Protestantism spread rapidly throughout the 16th century coinciding with civil wars throughout the nation due to religious differences. The king, Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes granting religious freedom to the French Protestants, Huguenots, bringing an end to the religiously prompted civil wars. The centuries that followed, marked with territorial squabbles, diverse styles of ruling, and growth throughout the country, paled in comparison to the reign of Louis XIV. Monarchy had...
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...ENGL 103.G35 Cultural Analysis Cover Girl has always been a popular make-up company, and since they sell make-up, their main target is undoubtedly woman. In the new Cover Girl Nature Luxe commercial, they target women, especially in their teens, in multiple ways. They use a celebrity that is popular for that age group; she is wearing glamorous, sparkly dresses, she’s dancing nonstop and having fun, and they try to make the audience “join the movement.” Figure 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMt6TFO0zn4 Figure 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMt6TFO0zn4 The advertisement starts out right away with the popular music artist Taylor Swift as the only person in the entire commercial. The company makes a big emphasis on this and even puts her name in the commercial underneath the company name, seen in Figure 1, as if to highlight the fact that she’s in the commercial and wearing their product, even though it’s very clear who it is to the majority of the population. Cover Girl chose Taylor Swift to be the star of their commercial for a few reasons. They are targeting teenage girls, and Taylor is in that age range herself. She’s also extremely successful in her career and is an attractive young woman that a lot of girls wish they could look like or just be. By using Taylor Swift when she has all these qualities, it sends out a message to the watchers that if you use their product, you’ll be able to be like Taylor Swift. Figure 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMt6TFO0zn4 ...
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...English 1020-L22 November 3, 2013 Cultural Analysis-“From Silence to Words: Writing as Struggle” “From Silence to Words: Writing as Struggle” is an essay written by Min-Zhan Lu, in which she describes the effects, both positive and negative, she experienced while trying to obtain somewhat of a balance, between the learning techniques and language forced on to her and her sisters by their parents, and the education and language taught and enforced by their country, China. Lu describes the emotional strain, confusion, and the political persecution she experienced, beginning at the young, tender age of four years old, the year after the Communist Revolution of 1949. For many years, the only memories Lu had were of the many hardships she faced during the years of getting her education, which made it difficult to recall the benefits of her education. While writing this essay, Lu was forced to reflect over these particular years of her life and the effects it had on her, both good and bad. She finally realized that as hard as it was to endure these hardships, personal benefits resulted from these difficult times as well. Lu explains her revelation by stating, “My understanding of my education was so dominated by memories of confusion and frustration that I was unable to reflect on what I could have gained from it” (148). One of the benefits Lu gained was growth, in both her reading and writing skills, by persevering through the confusion and frustration during that time. ...
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...The author provides a personal overview revolving her cultural identity, which serves as an integral element to self-understanding. Its analysis offers a personal exploration to internal, external, and sociopolitical characteristics. This includes age, race, gender, education, social class, religion, and affiliations with certain groups. Some of the categories also present explanations related to the author’s experiences. In the end, she expresses a reflective viewpoint based on what was learned from this survey. Exploring Cultural Identity The definition of a cultural identity is an emphasis of an individual’s self-knowledge. It is about recognizing one’s own ethnicity, gender, religious or spiritual beliefs, culture, academic...
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...| 2015 | | | [Cultural Analysis - brazil] | MKT 6003 RESEARCH PAPER | Abstract I currently lead a team called Pontonet as part of my responsibilities as Sr. Strategic Customer Manager who is based in Brazil. When I began my job in August I was quickly introduced and held meetings with my manager and a co-worker. I noticed very quickly that our abrasive American ways of communicating was not effective by listening in on conference calls with the three of us. I noticed as well that there was a seemingly deep sense that creating a more relation type of Management/Vendor management style was would make for a clearer and cleaner method than the alternative. I learned in haste that my report Jurandir at Pontonet began to surpass expectations quickly in comparison to other vendors in a surprisingly quick time frame. This paper shall also attempt to analyze the business and social culture of Brazil from an American point of view. In addition my purpose is to help achieve the most success when participating in a leadership activity with Pontonet. By having a better grasp of the cultural norms I believe that it will greater help me to have an advantage as a leader for this 3rd party management role I have accepted as part of my responsibilities. It is my understanding through research that Brazil’s business culture is much more stringent than the United States. In this paper it will be my intent to provide analysis and review the current business culture and...
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