...com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/google-services.jpg Country Experience; France, Germany & Japan International Management http://en.academicpositions.se/content/uploads/sites/8/2013/07/lesundLogo.png Table of Contents Introduction3 How does a search engine work and make money?3 What is the exportability of search engine’s technology and business model?4 Why did many governments appear thretened by google? How did they counter this threat?4 Global leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness (GLOBE)4 Hofstede’s five dimensions:4 Google (USA) to France - focus dimensions: PDI & UAE (appendix 1: figure 1)4 Google (USA) to Germany - focus dimensions: UAI & IDV (appendix 1: figure 2)6 Google (USA) to Japan - focus dimensions: UAI, MAS, IDV and LTO (appendix 1: figure 3)7 Is the threat, from the government-sponsored search engines, real or imagined?8 What can Google do to secure dominance in those countries?8 What can Google learn from those experiences to guide its entry strategy for other countries?9 The negotiation process (appendix 2: figure 1)9 Stage One: Preparation9 Stage two: Relationship Building9 Stage Three: Exchange of task-related Information10 Stage Four: Persuasion10 Stage Five: Concession and Agreement10 Sources:11 Websites:11 Appendix 112 Figure 1: Hofstede, USA vs. France12 Figure 2: Hofstede, USA vs. Germany12 Figure 3: Hofstede, USA vs. Japan13 Appendix 2:14 Figure 1: The Negotiation Process14 Introduction In this...
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...NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, DUBLIN UNIVERSITY COLLEGR DUBLIN Cross Cultural Management FT-UCD BBSMKT-22 Chen Lihuan 2950 words CT0203124 UCD ID: 14207863 Case 1. Question 1A) Figure 1.0 Hofstede’s Five Cultural Deminsions for Germany, UK, USA and Japan. (Data from Geert-hofstede.com,n.d) Figure 1.0 is a bar chart that presents the full data of all four cultures. (Germany, UK, USA, and Japan) Other than two dimensions (Individualism and uncertainty avoidance) that have been discussed in the case, the rest of the three dimensions will be discussed in following article. Masculinity Masculinity shows whether the society is driven by competition or quality of life (Geert-hofstede.com, n.d). According to figure 1.0, all four cultures are masculine culture. USA scored at the lowest of 62, followed by Germany and UK at the score of 66. The highest score in Masculinity is Japan, at 95. Although Japan has an extremely high score at Masculinity dimension, due to its collectivism, there are not much intense competitions between individuals. Power Distance Power distance is referring to how people within the society react to unequal power distribution. The higher the score is, the higher acceptability for unequal power distribution by the society will...
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...Executive Summary 1 2. Introduction 2 3. Cultural aspect to Communication 3 3.1. Cultural Contexts 3 3.2. Assessing Cultures through Hofstede’s Framework 4 4. Codes of Communication 6 4.1. Verbal Communication 6 4.1.1. Welcome topics of conversation 7 4.1.2. Topics to avoid 8 4.2. Non-Verbal Communication 9 5. Gift Giving 10 6. Causes of Cross-Cultural Communication Conflicts 12 7. Conclusion 13 8. Recommendations 14 9. References 15 Executive Summary Today’s world has gone global. This globalization has led to the collaboration among manufacturers of products, suppliers of materials and service providers situated across the globe. The markets are no more restricted to a specific region or a country. The boundaries and distances between the markets have vanished. Saturation in developed markets has led to exploration and exploitation of emerging markets. The expansion of geographic footprint is not happening only to meet business needs, but this is happening also to promote social causes (Education, Health Awareness) and to mitigate global risks (Global Warming). Therefore, for the purpose of effective functioning, there is a strong need to learn about Cross-Cultural Communication. It is true that any usage of an inappropriate word, an impression or a gesture can lead to serious business or social implications. These cross-cultural communication blunders can then lead to lost...
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...What went wrong with the negotiations between econ and Nagaoka This negotiation is regarded as an international business negotiations and as such it should follow some basic steps identified. These stages include Nontask sounding, Task related exchange of information, persuasion and Agreement. On a general note this the negotiation did not follow these stages as such there was a problem in reaching an agreement. On specific reasons why this negation fail would be, Language barrier- there is a major language barrier between the two categories of participant. while Econ group uses English as their major language, Nagaoka uses Japanese as their own language. Even though there is an interpreter that could help translate both language to one another, there is still a problem of understanding what is interpreted. Words in English could mean a different thing in Japanese when it is interpreted. So understanding the translated word is a major problem for the Japanese and that hinders the two company reaching an agreement. Another problem encountered in this negotiations is the difference in culture. While Econ is a USA company that is cultured with fastness and getting approval immediately from their clients, Nagaoka is a Chinese company that is more relaxed in their negotiations. Japanese companies prefer to consult with their stakeholders before making decision and that is different in USA. So cultural differences played out when peter tried to get Washami response as regards discounts...
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...suggests that twenty-first century global order will be characterized by growing tension and conflict between rival cultures or civilizations, as opposed to the political, ideological or economic conflict of old. Huntington furthermore argued that the world was split into 9 different civilizational orders, and the West would clash with all of them, but in particular it would clash with the Islamic world, Japan and Russia. The realists have given little attention to the issue of identity or cultural politics. They focus on the behavior of states. However the liberals have recognized this thesis to some extent. Huntington’s view that the West would clash with the Islamic world was vindicated after the September 11th terrorist attacks, neoconservatives looking for a response distanced themselves from Huntington’s rhetoric. Neoconservative George W Bush was keen to emphasize that not all Muslims were to blame for 9/11, and indeed it was just a tiny minority of extremists holding the Islamic world back. Whereas Huntington had argued that the Islamic world was hostile to western ideas of liberal democracy, George W Bush ignored this insight and fought two wars to try and bring democracy to the Middle East, ignoring Huntington’s claim that there would be a backlash if Western values were spread through force. Thus the neoconservatives would view the war on Terror not as a cultural war, as Huntington and most other commentators saw it, but rather an ideological war, “Islamic fascism...
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...TASK 1: CURRENT ISSUES IN GLOBAL ECONOMY (FUTUROLOGY) Identify the key trends likely to affect Elecdyne over the next 5 years (these can be different / additional to those identified by the futurologist) • Economic crisis: Even if Japan is not affected like Europe, the government had launch a stimulative policy in order to improve the current situation. Many Japanese companies are impacted by this general economic conditions. • Sustainability: Companies such as Elecdyne have to take care of the public opinion about ecology which is requiring more and more transparency. • Evolution of consumption: Globalization and new technologies have changed the way people purchase. For example, online sales are increasing because of the number of Internet users and this occurs mostly in the electronic sector. Online shopping is more convenient and time saving which appeals to young people. Although old people tend to shop in regular shops, more and more young people prefer shopping online rather than in shops. • Counterfeit goods: In regions like Asia but also throughout the world, a large number of original goods are copied by look-alike products. This is positive for the costumers, because usually the look-alike products are much cheaper, but on the other hand it influences the original produts’ producers a lot, because a lot of people are price seekers which means they tend to buy goods which are cheap. STEEP Analysis We chose to do the STEEP Analysis, because it touches all...
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...purpose of this report is to explore the cultural determinants of both Japan and United States. The report elucidates the differences between the two countries in terms of leadership styles as influenced by their respective different cultures. The reason in selecting Japan as one of the research countries is because of its deep rooted strong cultural beliefs and group centered style in a business perspective. It is well known to the world that Japan is a closed economy but at the same time, extremely competitive. On the other hand, United States make a good contrast in terms of its open culture and individualistic style of doing business. Despite the differences, both are amongst the most competitive and successful nations in the world. The compromising Japanese and confrontational Americans do make this research journey an exciting and interesting one. Different cultures exist in the world and their impact on leadership styles in their respective countries is significant. As defined by Luthans and Doh (2009, p96), “Culture is the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behaviour.” And culture is gained through transmissions between individuals in forms of symbols, rituals, languages, stories told and etc. It will be interesting to find out that the countries’ cultures do in fact influence their leadership styles to quite a great extent. In this report, two entirely different cultures; Japan and United States will be explored in depth...
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...Cultural Differences between the United States and Japan Dena Lassley Saint Leo University There are many differences between the cultures of the United States and Japan. Some of these include religion, the food they eat, the clothes they wear and the way they view their people. According to Ivancevich and Konopaske, Hofstede believes that cultural differences are not changing, but work related norms and values may be. He also feels that those cultural views continue to have strong influences on the way organizations practice business. The differences between Japan and the United States as seen through Hofstede’s model can be seen in the chart below. As seen in this chart, Japan and the United States are only close in one of the six dimensions, Power Distance, Both countries are less likely to push for the symbols of authority and power in comparison to a culture with a higher power distance. They are also more likely to allow employees to give input into important decisions that have an impact on business practice. In the second dimension, individualism, Japan and the United States are very different. In the United States, emphasis is placed on the accomplishments and goals of the individual. In Japan, it is the achievements of the group that they find more important. In the sixth dimension, the United States also scored much higher than Japan. The United States is showing to be a more indulgent culture. They are more likely to have less control over their impulses...
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...Topic 1: Scientific Management How was Taylorism received outside the USA? Contrast the reception of Taylorism in two different countries, one western, one Asian, in your answer. Introduction Before looking in to whether scientific management has always been successful outside of USA, there is a need to look at scientific management when Frederick W. Taylor first introduced it in the late 1890s and early 1900s. Started experimenting at Midvale Steel Company where he tried to improve the efficiency of the workers for increased productivity, he has then already faced the problems and critics of his scientific management that it is still facing today. This includes the time study of work to define the optimal standards for workers while using stopwatches and other devices; critics are against this as they feel the method in measuring performance violates the fair treatment of workers. While it is safe to say that Taylor was a central figure in the development of management thought where his emphasis on efficiency using scientific management, it must be stressed that many others who have applied it, has also adapt and refine additional methods to suit their needs contribute to the success of scientific management (Wren & Bedeian 2009). This paper seeks to discuss how Taylorism is received outside USA as well as compare and contrast the receptivity of Taylorism in Russia and Japan. The global spread and development of Taylorism in the 1950s and 1960s greatly enhanced...
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... ------------------------------------------------- Executive Summary Scott Patjens was an international training manager for True Boards, Inc. a worldwide producer and distributor of silicon chips and assembled printed circuit boards. Patjens had gone for a corporate meeting with Toyo True (its Japanese subsidiary) with an agenda of reassessing relationship and to handle the new structure. After having a meeting with Merton Robinson, a western marketing executive who lived in Japan for years, he came to know why this meeting had mixed results as many environmental conditions had affected the smooth relationship between them, some of them are: Unaware of Japanese business practices and cultural patterns. True Boards not included two directors of Toyo True, and there was no communication or sharing of information between US and Japan. Some other factors are Lacey, the sponsor and translator had communication problem, misunderstanding and cultural differences. Patjens had improper presentation; there was no list of options or recommendations for them and improper planning by him. Thus Scott Patjens was frustrated and disappointed with this strip and still wondering if learning...
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...Cross Cultural Management of Japan & United States One concern of the merger between these two companies involves group interaction and sense of space. People in the United States take great pride in themselves on individualism and informality. The Japanese culture values groups and formality. People in the United States admire a person who excels above everyone else. If this merger takes place and it makes the price of stock to rise, the American company might want to buy more stock and the Japanese might not agree with this and be more cautious which could result in a cross-culture conflict. Cultural differences and cross culture conflicts is the biggest challenge in terms of cross-cultural management that will arise in the merger of these two companies (Chen, 2013). Due to differences in culture in terms of beliefs, priorities and lifestyles, management of cross culture operations will be difficult for both companies. It is because cultural differences affect the human thinking, feeling, acting and behavior that can result in cross culture conflicts within the organization (Adekola and Sergi, 2012). For example, in terms of language, religion, value, and attitudes, there are several cultural differences in both countries: U.S. and Japan, which can affect decisions and choices of employees or people from these countries and can cause to cross culture conflicts (Yoder, 2011). The women who are employed at Tokyo Electron worry that their jobs might be eliminated...
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...psychological and social dimensions, and these include motivation, learning, personality, psychographics, perception, attitude, social class, group, family, opinion leadership, and the diffusion process of innovations. PERSPECTIVES ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR Consumer behavior may be defined as a study of human behavior within the consumer role and includes all the steps in the decision-making process. The study must go beyond the explicit act of purchase to include an examination of less observable processes, as well as a discussion of why, where, and how a particular purchase occurs. Domestically, marketing scholars have employed a variety of techniques and concepts, including the cultural approach, to study consumer behavior. Yet consumer study on an international basis has employed the cultural approach almost exclusively without much regard for other psychological and social concepts.This is a very curious approach since it is the norm for virtually all consumer behavior textbooks to treat...
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...statement with reference to contemporary research on cross-cultural negotiation and use examples to illustrate your analysis Introduction: Former President and charismatic leader of the United States John F. Kennedy once stated that, “We cannot negotiate with people who say what's mine is mine and what's yours is negotiable” (Kennedy, 1961). This timeless quotation epitomizes and typifies in essence what can commonly be regarded as cooperative negotiation. Formally, the term negotiation is commonly defined as two or more parties or groups deliberating amongst each other endeavoring to achieve a decisive result, which is mutually beneficial for both entities. When considering the process of negotiation across contrasting geographic locations or countries, negotiators have to understand the repercussions which heterogeneous cultures have in the final outcome of a potential deliberation. Culture is defined as the ‘unwritten rules of society’ (Hofstede et al, 2010) and most typically refers to those characteristics or values, which are unconsciously embedded in a large group of citizens through the ongoing processes of tradition and various forms of education. Understanding the pertinence of cultural differences and the significance which they bare in terms of cross-cultural negotiation, is essential to reaching an eventual agreement which is mutually beneficial between parties. However, an over-emphasis on cultural discrepancies may also lead to negotiations becoming protracted...
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...Journal of Economic Geography Advance Access published June 22, 2005 Journal of Economic Geography (2005) Page 1 of 30 doi:10.1093/jeg/lbi001 Video games production networks: value capture, power relations and embeddedness Jennifer Johns* Abstract This paper has two main aims. Firstly to conceptualize the production networks of the video games industry through an examination of its evolution into a multi-million dollar industry. Secondly, to use the video games industry to demonstrate the utility of Global Production Network approaches to understanding the geographically uneven impacts of globalization processes. In particular, three key notions of value, power and embeddedness are used to reveal the most powerful actors in the production network, how they maintain and exercise their power, and how the organization of production is manipulated as a result. It is argued that while hardware production is organized by console manufacturers using truly global sourcing strategies, the production of software is far more complex. In fact, software production networks are bounded within three major economic regions: Western Europe, North America and Asia Pacific. This paper seeks to explain how and why this has occurred. Keywords: video games, global production networks, value, power, embeddedness JEL classifications: L14, L23, L82 Date submitted: 4 October 2004 Date accepted: 12 April 2005 1. Introduction The video games industry1 was born during the early 1960s and has rapidly...
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...the lives of large numbers of people. Their earlier perceptions about such a loss of saliency coincides with the 19th century emergence of modern-industrial states, where social theorists such as Durkheim, Weber and Marx, theorised that status based social differentiation was replaced by the social class as the driving force in society. Ethnicity and racial differences were viewed as surviving anachronisms, dating from pre-modern, traditional societies. This analysis was shared by social commentators and policy-makers who operated with an often implicit view that assimilation of minority groups had either occurred, or was in progress. The trend towards global cultural homogenisation, typified by the metaphor of the "global village ", presaged a quickening of this type of development. Even in those industrial nations such as Australia, Canada or the USA which continued to receive large numbers of immigrants, assimilation was viewed as the inevitable process. By the 1960s, the ethnic rights movement and unrest in a number of the Western industrial countries led to increased questioning of assumptions that ethnic differences were of declining significance. The re-emergence of major ethnic divisions within the former USSR and Eastern Europe has coincided with a major growth of international population movements as a response to economic changes as much as political unrest or demographic pressures (Castles & Miller 1993;Kritz et al 1992; Stahl et al 1993). Together these changes...
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