...Cross –cultural communication and healthcare There are six principles to cross-cultural communication. The first principle states that the less knowledge or less of an understanding that you have about a culture, the broader the differences are, communication between the two will be more difficult. The second principle states that cultural differences and understandings are the cause of breakdowns in communication. The third principle states that communicating inter-culturally, helps people to become more aware of their own communication processes. People become more aware of their own tone, their word choices, and hand gestures they may use when they are speaking. The fourth principle is that cultures vary with their different types of acceptable behaviors or do’s and don’t’s; which means that some cultures believe very strongly in following the formal rules or they may not be able to interact with other people within that same culture. Being a cross-cultural communicator you have to be aware of what is taboo and what is acceptable in that culture. The fifth principle states that you need to be mindful that other cultures understanding or normalcy may be different than your own. It is important to be aware of how the worldview or values of different groups affect there patterns of communication. The sixth, and final principle, states that your view of people affect the way that you communicate with them. If you see people as being honest and trustworthy the communication...
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...How do the two countries differ in their cultural patterns? German civilization offers a model of morals in addition to point of reference intended for philosophy, emotion and measures, and therefore is determinant for actions along with insight. Cultural patterns are taught as well as accepted alongside the means of interaction throughout the course of communication. American culture versus German culture by distinction, underlines mutually the private and the commerce facets. They are more outgoing persons opposed to the Germans in addition to their main objective, when they talk, is to be admired as well as publicly accepted. Germans are usually more straightforward in opposition to Americans, particularly when details are to be revealed, denigration is to be put into effect in addition to directives are to be specified. The literary standard in which Germans and Americans diverge broadly has to do with approaches toward indecision along with peril. Despite the language barriers, compensation, cultural differences, and accents, human resources from Mercedes Benz headquarters in Stuttgart, Germany most keep in those there luxury cars are a huge commodity in America. How does communication play a role in each culture? During this era of globalization, the global village in addition to the web, the characteristic of intercultural communication develops into significance. Citizens have the option to voyage across countries; undergraduates are extremely suggested to exceed...
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...7. BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION Communication plays a major role in developing a relationship. It can also affect the relationship among family members or management in any institute. More specifically, communication influences the effectiveness of instruction, performance evaluation, and the handling of discipline problems. Communication should be straightforward. What can make it complex, difficult, and frustrating are the barriers. Some barriers of communication are the following. 7.1. Physiological Barrier Physiological barriers to communication are related with the limitations of the human body and the human mind (memory, attention, and perception). Physiological barriers may result from individuals’ personal discomfort, caused by ill-health, poor eye sight, or hearing difficulties. 7.1.1. Poor Listening Skills Listening to others is considered a difficult task. A typical speaker says about 125 words per minute. The typical listener can receive 400–600 words per minute. Thus, about three-fourth of listening time is free time. The free time often sidetracks the listener. The solution is to be an active rather than passive listener. A listener's premature frown, shaking of the head, or bored look can easily convince the other person/speaker that there is no reason to elaborate or try again to communicate his/her excellent idea. 7.1.2. Information Overload Nurses are surrounded with a pool of information. It is essential to control the flow of the information, else the information...
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...Discuss two theories of the breakdown of relationships There are some common reasons for the breakdown of a relationship. For example; dissatisfaction or boredom with the relationship, breaking agreed rules and interference from other relationships. In our culture, relationships are considered ‘successful’ if partners stay together, and those relationships that end ‘prematurely’ are considered failures. This is despite the fact that many so-called successful relationships continue even though neither partner is really committed to the relationship. Likewise, ending an unhappy relationship may help each partner to find a new and happy life elsewhere with a new partner. Duck developed a four phase model to describe the termination of close or intimate relationships. Firstly, the intra-psychic phase is where one of the partners or friends becomes more and more dissatisfied with the relationship. They do not tell their partner. If the dissatisfaction is great enough, there is progression to the next phase. The next phase is called the Dyadic phase. Here the other person becomes involved. In this phase the partners discuss their discontent and talk about the different parts in their relationship and seeing if there is a way to get around the problems. If the dissatisfaction is not acceptably resolved, there is progression to the next phase. This phase is known as the Social phase. This is where the break up is ‘aired’ and made public, e.g. to family and friends. It is also where...
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... and West is West; and never the twain shall meet.” Yet, he never expected that with the technological development in transportation and communication, the Westerners and Easterners that have quite different cultures respectively would meet so frequently nowadays in international settings. However, in a sense, Kipling is absolutely correct in that people with different cultural patterns (including beliefs, values, attitudes, norms, customs, and material aspects), especially those from East and West, do encounter communication difficulties, breakdowns, misunderstandings and even conflicts and confrontations just because they fail to understand each other in their intercultural communication. Therefore, understanding these cultural patterns or orientations which underlie most common behavior of the Easterners and Westerners helps us to see beneath the surface to find out why people from East and West act as they do. This discovery may lead us to appreciate the rich diversity and genius that exist in different parts of the globe, avoid potential intercultural problem and become successful communicators in the interaction between East and West. Cultural awareness becomes central when we have to interact with people from other cultures, so realizing the similarities and differences between the East and the West from cross-cultural perspective is essential in today world. Similarities: 1. Patriotic 2. Loving peace 3. Believe in the good things Differences ...
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...Organizations and Communication HAZEL L. GOLOCAN - BANDAS The nature of Communication in Organization Methods of Communication The Communication Process What is Communication? The sharing of information between two or more people to achieve a common understanding about an object or situation. Successful communication occurs when the person receiving the message understands it in the way that the sender intended. Importance of Communication The need for communication pervades organizations. Jobs cannot be adequately accomplished, goals cannot be met, sales order cannot be filled, and problems cannot be solved without adequate communication. Communication system in an organization affect numerous outcomes that are central to an organization’s functioning and competitive advantage. These includes: Productivity Quality Services and Products Reduced Cost Creativity Job Satisfaction Absenteeism Turnover The Communication Process The Communication Process ENCODING The process whereby a sender translate the information he or she wishes to send into a message COMMUNICATION MEDIUM OR COMMUNICATION CHANNEL DECODING The manner in which the message is conveyed The process whereby a receiver perceives a sent message and interprets its meaning FEEDBACK The process whereby a receiver encodes the message ...
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...interpersonal communication Interpersonal communication This process of sharing ideas and feelings between individuals. This can be improved through appropriate knowledge practices, feedback and reflection. Cultural influence Culture is referred to as customs, language, arts of a particular region. It includes learned values, beliefs and behaviors common to a group of individuals. Culture can be strong barrier to interpersonal communication between people of different cultures. Individuals from different cultures or background often carry an attitude that their own culture is superior to that of others. This hampers communication between groups from different cultures. For example: an individual who is ethnocentric in nature often is under the impression that anyone who doesn’t belong to their group is either strange or inferior. This perception prevents healthy social and political communication between the two parties. Power This is the ability to influence others and have strong self control under complex circumstances. All interpersonal communication or interactions reflect some form of power which maybe obvious or hidden. Obvious power refers to people who occupy a higher position in business and have to communicate with other employees. People in power positions may exert their power on individuals who are not equally competent and this inequality could act as a barrier to effective communication. Noise This is an external factor which interferes with or disrupts communication by causing...
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...Introduction International business is not just about nationalities, it is also about cultures. Cultures influence negotiation styles, values and communications. Image a situation where a Japanese supermarket manager negotiating with an American salmon supplier with their own negotiation styles: the Japanese negotiator want to extent the length of negotiation in order to seek the best result of the deal, but the American negotiator treats time as money and he/she wants to quickly reach the agreement (Evans & Richardson, 2010). This essay will firstly discuss the definitions of culture and negotiation, and then it will discuss cultural influence on negotiation and its behaviour; finally it will suggest possible strategies in addressing difficulties caused by cultural differences. This essay will argue that cultural impacts increase the difficulties of cross-culture negotiation, but negotiators can successfully manage the difficulties by increasing their knowledge of different cultures and continuously practise relevant strategies. Culture Culture is a term that can be explained in many different ways. According to Alon and Brett (2007), culture is a process of socialisation that people learn a shared pattern of behaviour and affective understandings. These patterns distinguish one group of people from another. Carrell, Shank and Barbero (2009) also state that culture is not physical elements but the perceptions that members consider them. People from the same culture usually...
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...was an appropriate response to the stress. * When we face very real dangers to our physical survival, the fight or flight response is invaluable. Today, however, most of the saber tooth tigers we encounter are not a threat to our physical survival. Today’s saber tooth tigers for Coleen Colombo consist of a hostile environment, loans with fraudulent information, complaints on fraud being brushed off, sexually harassment from male colleague. Nonetheless, this modern day, saber tooth tigers trigger the activation of our fight or flight system as if our physical survival was threatened. On a daily basis, toxic stress hormones flow into our bodies for events that pose no real threat to our physical survival. Describe the barriers to communication that exist at Xographics. * Perceptual barriers to...
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... Mass Communication Research Subject code: SM 312 Lecturers: Kenneth Teo Student ID: 1000922384 Topic : Benefits of learning intercultural communication to university student. Chapter 1 Introduction Background of the Study Anthropologist Edward T. Hall is the founder of intercultural communication during the 1951-1955 when he was at the Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. Department of States. The scholarly field of intercultural communication was then mainly advanced by university-based scholars of communication in the United States and Japan, and in other countries. The development of intercultural communication in the U.S. and Japan is analyzed here. Intercultural communication is one of the most important communications and also a structure of global communication as the world today is characterized by an ever growing number of contacts resulting in communication between people with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. This communication takes place because of contacts within the areas of business, military cooperation, science, education, mass media, entertainment, tourism but also because of immigration brought about by labour scarcity or political conflicts. Hence, there is communication which needs to be as constructive as possible, without misunderstandings and breakdowns. It is to belief that study on the nature of linguistic and cultural similarities...
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...Crash begins, with a Muslim man going into a store to buy a gun from a white store owner. The white store owner views the man negatively because of his Muslim background. The white store owner’s preconceived attitudes towards the man are largely based on the September 11th terror attacks on the United States by a group of Muslim terrorists. This particular scene provides an example of stereotyping. According to the book Multicultural Law Enforcement, stereotyping is when people classify someone based on a particular pattern, but do not recognize their individuality. The white store owner believes that the Muslim man in his store is going to commit some type of criminal act, because of what little knowledge he has of Muslims. This lack of knowledge about Muslims, and the terrorist attacks completed by Muslims on US soil lead him to exhibit some form of stereotyping against all Muslims. The reality of stereotyping is that it has existed in humanity for centuries and still plays a major role in the lives of so many people around the world. I think that the only way to reduce stereotyping is by increasing education about what makes us different and embracing our uniqueness. Matt Dillon’s character John Ryan is vividly engrained into my imagination. John Ryan and his partner receive a call of a car- jacking involving a black Navigator. Ryan and his partner see a black Navigator in passing, run the plates and his partner advises him that, it is not the vehicle they are looking...
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...Abstract Verbal and nonverbal communications are essential components of nursing care. It is critical for patient care providers to ensure an accurate portrayal of the patient. The situation background assessment recommendation (SBAR) protocol is a technique that provides a structure for communication between patient care providers. SBAR was a tool designed to promote efficient care that ensures patient safety. SBAR: Improving Communication Between Healthcare Providers Missed or ineffective communication can have severe consequences to the life of a patient. A patient’s clinical condition can deteriorate very quickly and the ability to communicate nursing assessment data rapidly and in a way that will be effectively received can mean the different between life and death. Situation, background, assessment, recommendation (SBAR) is a communication tool that can help patient care providers improve communication during information transfer. Effectiveness in information transfer is important and urgent in high acuity situations where clear and concise communication is critical to patient outcomes. According to Cinahl Information Systems (2012), SBAR has been adopted by many United States hospitals as the preferred form of communication between nurses and physicians. Current process According to Hannibal Regional Hospital (2007), policy 503.077 patient care providers use a standardized approach when giving report/hand-off called, SHARED. “SHARED: the situation, history, assessment...
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...Organizational Culture Name of Student Student Number Institution Course Code Name of Lecturer Date of Submission Corporate Culture and Strategy The corporate leadership council (2003) defines organizational culture as the values, behavior and the political environment in a company. Employee motivation, communication patterns, decision-making strategies, operating methodologies, structure of an organization and its philosophy constitute the elements of a company’s corporate structure. With an organization having an effective culture, the outcome may be a company which accepts and appreciate diversity, shows concern and treats all employees fairly. Further, employees portray utmost satisfaction and pride working for the organization, their (employees) full potential is given equal consideration to allow for the realization of individual goals. Subsequently, communication and collaboration among employer and employee concerning policy making is adequate and the employees are respected and motivated. This paper aims at explaining how companies utilize corporate culture as a key component in organizational change and how these cultures, when applied, may impact on the productivity of the company in question. The effect of organizational cultures, when not aligned with corporate business strategies, will also be discussed. Organizational culture is the distinctive norms, beliefs, principles and behavioral ways in...
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...THE RECEIVER”. DISCUSS INTRODUCTION Almost everyone is keen to communicate effectively but in same cases people do not have appreciation of the communication barriers which may be faced in the communication process. Barriers can sometimes be caused by the sender or receiver during the encoding and decoding processes. There are different barriers like language problems, differing emotional states, differing backgrounds, poor listening skills and differences in perception. DEFINITION OF TERMS A barrier is an obstruction that makes it impossible for communication to be effective. Transmission of messages – this is the sending of information from one person to the other through a channel. Sender – this is the person that originates the message. Message – this is the actual data conveyed to the recipient and does not necessarily have to be fact but may be an opinion, a view or a joke. Receiver – is the person or group of persons for which the message is intended and is the one who is suppose to interpret the message from the sender. Encoding – this is the process that the sender puts the information into a medium that best suits the purpose of the massage. Decoding - is the process by which the receiver interprets the message into meaning. STATEMENT OF INTENT This paper will look at barriers to effective communication and the corrective measures to reduce or eliminate them. Language problems When you choose the words for your message, you reveal a certain code...
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...“The Irish of America” ID: 0232713 NUR 211 Days April 2012 Irish 1 A. SG, is a beautiful 26 year old female born to a loving family with parents whom have been supporting her since birth. Tragically at birth, SG was deprived of oxygen during a difficult labor in which she suffered great brain anoxia, resulting in cerebral palsy. Due to her diagnosis, cerebral palsy has left SG with very little to hardly any muscle tone, movement and motor skills. From newborn to 21 years of age, SG’s parents provided all services of care through their home and acquired special schooling through their hometown. As with SG’s heritage background, the Irish when struck with a crisis involving disability are always compassionate. Especially, when family is involved, they are willing to care for a disabled person at home as did SG’s parents. Lipson and Dibble states that, “The Irish also view illness and disability as human fate which involves suffering, bearing the natural consequence of living and of God’s will.” (p. 286) Although today many Irish view disability and illness as a result of natural causes. As Americans, Nicole Webster (2010) expresses, “The trend is that American society is a culture that is less than accepting of disabilities, and thus the lifestyles of those with...
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