...The causes of long term growth differences have been the object of many research studies and debates in the economic history field. While some blame it on geography or simply luck, others consider technology improvements as being a relevant cause for growth. This essay will analyze the relationship between culture and economic growth through a closer look on entrepreneurial culture and its effects. There are many ways in which one can define culture and as many in which to describe entrepreneurial behavior. Studies conducted, both from an economic perspective (focused on the effects and therefore the relationship with economic growth) and a social / psychological one (concerned with the origins and trait research) have in common 3 attributes defining entrepreneurial behavior: need for achievement, internal locus of control and risk taking predisposition. The need for achievement was linked by McClelland to a country’s economic success in one of the first studies trying to define entrepreneurial culture. McClelland’s thesis states that countries characterized by high levels of N achievements have higher levels of economic development but was contested by more than e few economists. In other word countries that have high scores on entrepreneurial culture should have high rates of entrepreneurship which will lead to economic success. The main flaw is related to the methods of measurement (by analysis of widespread folk tales and contemporary children schoolbooks) of the N achievement...
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...2: Population growth can be defined as “the change in population over a given period of time”. Discuss how and why the population in your country has changed over the last 100 years, and what effects these changes have made on your culture. Population of the nation is very important for its culture. If there are more people who are sharing a culture, then the culture is stronger. But if population starts declining, culture starts dying together with people. It is very difficult to find the valid numbers of population for Ukraine between 17 and 20 century because Ukraine during those times was always divided between many different countries like Poland, Ottoman, Russian and Austrian empires. But today Ukraine is the biggest country by territory in Europe with population over 46 million people. In 1941 Second World War began which killed around 5 million Ukrainians. More than 2 million were departed to Germany for forced labor. Huge amount of cities and villages were destroyed by Germans. More than 10 million people were left without a home. After war Soviet government was doing everything to destroy Ukrainian cultural identity. Ukrainian literature, art and language were band. After boom an economical crisis occurred and was associated with lack of basic commodities as well as great inflation. During this times population growth decreased and cultural development slowed down. In 1991 Ukraine finally became independent and population growth stopped. Because...
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...Case Study Facebook: Balancing Growth and Preserving Corporate Culture Debapratim Purkayastha* and Syeda Maseeha Qumer** This case study is about the corporate culture at Facebook Inc. (Facebook), which is considered to be one of the fastest growing companies in the world. The culture at Facebook was open and transparent with no hierarchies. The company was well-known for its ‘hip geek culture’ fostered by its founder, Mark Zuckerberg. He tried to attract the best talent in the industry by creating a fun environment wherein employees had the opportunity to work on the best projects with a sense of openness. This case discusses various aspects of its culture including the benefits and perks offered to employees. It also describes how Facebook evolved from a small company to a global corporate icon with thousands of employees. In order to meet growing business needs, Facebook opened new offices globally. However, some analysts felt that balancing growth and preserving its corporate culture was a big issue for Facebook as the company was expanding rapidly and was preparing to shift its global headquarters to a more corporate location. Maintaining culture is one of the top priorities we have as a company… We’re trying to be really smart and learn about our growth. So we’re focused on building a few offices, but making sure they are really tied into the culture.1 – Sarah Smith, Head of Facebook’s Online Operations in Austin, in 2011. Facebook is amazing. Working here offers the...
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...Experiment 3-5 Design a continuous bioreactor and the growth kinetic of Zymomonas mobilis in continuous culture. Submitted to Dr. Tatsaporn Todhanakasem Faculty of Biotechnology Assumption University In partial fulfillment of the requirement of the course BT3014 Microbial Physiology by Syed Zia Nayeem 5045215 Date of experiment: 25 June, 2012 Introduction: Continuous cultivation of microorganism are open systems which features addition of nutrients at a constant rate and simultaneous with drawl at the same rate. This mode of cultivation is particularly useful as it results in significant improvement in productivity of fermentation. Also it is rather easy to implement process control for these systems. However some disadvantages of this cultivation e.g, development of mutants and contamination free cultivation for longer time limits its common usage. However it is a best tool to study the physiology of cultivation as there is a perfect steady state cultivation condition at a particular dilution rate (= sp. growth rate) in the bioreactor. The overall response of any continuous cultivation can be simulated by the mathematical model however it is rather interesting to see the culture behavior in transients in cultivation (Shift up / Shift down in dilution rates) It has been observed that Monod model is unable to perfectly simulate the transients in Continuous cultivations because the model assumes dependence of growth on the instantaneous value of substrate concentration...
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...International ISSN: 1367-8868 (Print) 1469-8374 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rhrd20 Connection, value, and growth: how employees with different national identities experience a geocentric organizational culture of a global corporation Maria S. Plakhotnik, Tonette S. Rocco, Joshua C. Collins & Hilary Landorf To cite this article: Maria S. Plakhotnik, Tonette S. Rocco, Joshua C. Collins & Hilary Landorf (2015) Connection, value, and growth: how employees with different national identities experience a geocentric organizational culture of a global corporation, Human Resource Development International, 18:1, 39-57, DOI: 10.1080/13678868.2014.979009 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2014.979009 Published online: 11 Dec 2014. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 288 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rhrd20 Download by: [University of Exeter] Date: 12 December 2015, At: 14:41 Human Resource Development International, 2015 Vol. 18, No. 1, 39–57, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2014.979009 Connection, value, and growth: how employees with different national identities experience a geocentric organizational culture of a global corporation Maria S. Plakhotnika, Tonette S. Roccob*, Joshua C. Collinsb and Hilary Landorf c School of Social Sciences...
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...require oxygen for growth. They will only grow at the top portion of the culture media where it meets the air and has a lot of oxygen. Facultative aerobes grow based on what is available to it. They prefer oxygen but oxygen is not necessary for growth. These aerobes mainly cluster at the top of the culture media where they have a high concentration of oxygen but will dispersed throughout because they do not require oxygen. B. Discuss the temperature requirements of the organisms in this lab. 1. Explain what type of organisms they are. Staphylococcus epidermis and Lactobacillus acidophilus are both a bacteria microbe. They grow best at normal body temperature, close to 370C. Microorganisms are classified according to their preferred temperature ranges. Because both grew at 370C, they would be classified as mesophiles. Mesophiles grow best in moderate temperatures ranging between 250C – 450C (Alonzo, n.d.). C. Discuss under what conditions you would want to control the growth of microbes. 1. Explain what type of control you would employ in each situation. To minimize the risk of contamination from unwanted organisms, aseptic technique is required. In this experiment I washed my hands with antibacterial soap. I then place on gloves to prevent contamination to the cultures from the bacteria on my skin and to protect myself from unintended exposure of unknown microbes. I also wore a mask to prevent microbes from my breath from contaminating the cultures and to protect...
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...WestJet: Building a High-Engagement Culture Executive Summary WestJet is facing an urgent problem. The pilots’ contract expires in two weeks’ time and the pilots are unhappy with the offer that has been presented. This has created conflict between management and the pilots as the pilots feel that too many things are being taken away. If a quick agreement is not reached, flights would be grounded, which would impact the bottom line and negatively affect culture. A collaborating approach will need to be applied in order to come to a swift resolution. WestJet is also facing a strategic problem, the longer term impact that growth is having on WestJet’s culture. WestJet’s success and competitive advantage have been a direct result of its unique corporate culture. Due to the rapid growth WestJet has experienced, it is becoming more of a challenge to maintain WestJet’s culture. If WestJet continues to pursue a growth strategy, steps will need to be taken to ensure their culture is protected. Ten alternatives were considered that would contribute to maintaining culture. Based on our weighted analysis the following five alternatives were chosen: * Strictly adhere to WestJet’s mission, vision, and values. * Align recruiting practices with culture. * Develop a strategy for internal communication and feedback. * Revisit the CARE program to ensure it is meeting its objectives. * Develop new managers internally. By following the action plan presented in...
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...company has grown to more than 20,000 employees worldwide, with a management team that represents some of the most experienced technology professionals in the industry 2000. Google attraction was not just its innovative technology in web browsing or it is lucrative return on employment that engineers and other people sow, it was a culture that the founders has created, embraced and emphasized as a unique way or working and producing efficiently, they have created a new working environment that is now a culture called the Google Culture. What is this culture that is praised by many and citizen by other? Culture refers to an organization's values, beliefs, and behaviours. In general, it is concerned with beliefs and values on the basis of which people interpret experiences and behave, individually and in groups. Usually in most cases, a company is a reflection of its owner and later on its shareholders but in our case it is a pure reflection of Larry Page and Sergey Brin and how they wanted their company to be and their working environment to look like. So, they have both adapted and created a series of steps that eventually create this Google culture that is based on The company is based on core foundation of emotional intelligence &...
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...organisms in this lab is approximately 37℃. These organisms require this optimum temperature for enzyme reactions to take place. Too low temperature below the optimum deactivates enzymes reactions while too high temperatures above optimum denature enzymes. S. cerevisiae, s. epidermis and l. acidophilus are facultative anaerobe (Gillespie, Hawkey, & Wiley, 2006). C. Discuss under what conditions you would want to control the growth of microbes. To grow bacteria in a laboratory the conditions in the lab needs to mimic the particular microbes natural environmental. To culture microbe’s sterile, disinfecting, aseptic techniques need to be used. For instance, aseptic techniques are also needed to transfer food to the microbe. Sterilization is a process of destroying all forms of life on an object or in a material including endospores. Disinfectant are chemicals which kill growing microbes, but not necessarily spore and are used on inanimate objects. Antiseptic are chemical agent that prevents the growth microbes Sanitizers are chemical agents that reduce microbial populations to safe levels. To create a conducive environment for microbe’s temperature needs to be considered, most bacteria will grow between 30-40 degrees F there are some that will grow in 0 degrees F. An acidic or alkaline environment may be needed...
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...Journal 1 Example 2/11/14 Journal #1: Techniques for Isolation of Pure Culture * Purpose To effectively separate bacteria into discrete colonies and then transfer each discrete colony from the streak plate to a nutrient agar to isolate the pure cultures. * Materials and Methods *One part Micrococcus roseus and three parts Micrococcus luteus (1) Broth Culture (24- to 48-hours old) containing: *One part Escherichia coli and ten parts Micrococcus luteus (2) Trypticase soy agar streak-plates (1) Trypticase soy agar streak-plate prepared with: *Micrococcus roseus and Micrococcus luteus (1) Trypticase soy agar streak-plate prepared with: *Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus (4) Trypticase soy agar slants Bunsen burner Inoculating loop Permanent Marker Test tube rack Straight needle Striker Incubator Method Part A: Isolation of Discrete Colonies from a Mixed Culture * Label one Trypticase soy agar streak-plate using a permanent marker on the b ottom. Write the date (1/23/14), TTH2, student’s initials, the names M. roseus and M. luteus. There were also lines dividing the streak-plate into four sections with one section labeled I, one labeled II, one labeled III, and one labeled IV on the bottom of the plate. The quadrants should look like the labeled circle below. * Divide...
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...Iron Solutions: Developing New Algal Growth Media for Increased Iron Uptake Andrew Sweeney U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) University of California San Diego Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California August 6, 2015 Prepared in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) under the direction of Dr. Nigel Quinn in the Earth Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. ABSTRACT This study endeavored to improve sustained productivity of mass cultivated marine microalgae by using limitation of iron, a vital micronutrient, to create a growth medium that would prevent the growth of non-predatory invasive organisms. Iron’s aqueous chemistry is quite complex, and much of this study is focused on the chemical transformations of iron chelates and iron salts in the growth medium my group developed for Nannochloropsis oculata.. This algae has been identified ,because of its high proportion of unsaturated lipids, as a promising candidate for biofuels, specialty chemicals, and protein rich animal feed. Nannochloropsis oculata. also promises to be resource efficient as the cell’s small size ,and minimal agitation requirement, minimizes the loss of inorganic carbon through escaping CO2. The cells were grown in four different media (iron free, 30uM FeEDTA, 10um ferrous sulfate,...
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...Analysis of how and where the influence of bass culture has occurred in the United Kingdom Name Institution Introduction Bass culture began as one of the key musical paradigm shift of the rave and breakbeat hardcore in the United Kingdom in the early years of the 1990. Since its introduction in the 1980’'s, bass culture has undergone significant transformation in terms of style and incorporating dance elements from different music genres such as dancehall, hip hop, funk, and electro music among other music genres. Some of the pioneers considered having brought the bass to the UK between the years 1980-1990 include Joey Beltram, CJ Bolland, L.A. Style, and Richie Hawtin. However, historical analysis shows the period 1898 to 1992 as the period of “cross pollination” of the bass culture. This period saw the incorporation of the UK hard-core sound into the bass culture. The process included incorporating hard-core sounds from different countries such as the Belgium, Germany, and the Holland. Therefore, this essay discusses the ways in which the bass culture had developed in the UK and period when it witnessed greatest significant influence on the culture. How the Bass Culture occurred in the United Kingdom over the Last 6 Decades The bass culture was introduced in the UK by the influx of the Jamaican reggae musicians in the early ages of the 1950’s. However, it did not emerge as expected due to constraints such as violence...
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...expansion. Its unique corporate culture of engagement and invested interest is based on creativity, innovation, care, productivity and fun which has been its sustainable competitive advantage in the market. II. Issues WestJet is experiencing some underlying issues and problems which threaten the success of future growth. First of all, there is a lack of knowledge and experience necessary to further develop their cultural-business complex to assure the sustainability of the corporate culture in their growth. As well no discernable succession plan for management may lead to the inability of executives to maintain the core competencies. Finally the requirement of staff at all levels to be youthful is facing a future workforce that will have a high demand for young talent thus pressing WestJet to find new ways to recruit employees and employee retention. Some symptoms of the associated growing pains WestJet is undergoing are: in 2009 WestJet’s disagreed with the new contract proposal based on the lack of a strategic retention policy, the outsourcing of activities in foreign countries to organizations that do have a vested interest in the success of WestJet and the underlying corporate culture, and the increased need for upper level management personnel creating the potential for a bureaucratic disconnect. III. Analysis The success of WestJet resides on its corporate culture, and its tremendous growth of the company threatens the stability of the culture and consequently a loss in...
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...Clarkson Pharmaceuticals Upstream Process Design for a Monoclonal Antibody Production Facility 1 1 Marie Rogers 2 2 Executive Summary This report will discuss the design and material requirements for the upstream process of a large scale monoclonal antibody production plant. • • • Medium preparation Seed train Production reactor 3 3 4 4 Table of Contents Executive Summary Background Medium Preparation Cell Growth Seed Train 20 L WaveTM Perfusion Bioreactor 200 L Xcellerex Disposable Stirred Tank Reactor TM 3 6 9 13 16 17 19 21 22 2,000 L Xcellerex Disposable Stirred Tank Reactor TM 12,000 L Fermenter Medium Storage Material Transportation pumps References Appendix A: Project Guidelines 26 27 28 31 Appendix B:Calculations Exponential Cell Growth Production of MAb per Batch Carbon Balance for Glucose Consumption _ Carbon from MAb Produced Carbon from Lactic Acid Produced Carbon from Carbon Dioxide Produced 33 33 33 34 34 35 35 Total Glucose Consumption 36 Number of Reactor Lines Appendix C: MATLAB Code 36 37 5 5 Background Biopharmaceutical companies producing monoclonal antibodies perpetually investigate novel approaches for manufacturing their products. Process development investigates innovative methods to attain the goals of optimizing efficacy and preserving the product’s desirable qualities. Optimizing parameters in manufacturing has the potential to...
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...ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR The Corporate Culture 6/29/2012 The organizational culture differs from one business to another. It’s effective from a perspective of unionization and bonding between all the workers. During the same time the firms are able to carry on with work in a proper way. The business dealings also can be planned out accordingly. It produces a much better atmosphere in terms of assisting the business with grow and expansion at its best. It also allows organizational members to act in a particular manner and to perform tasks accordingly. Control can also be formed upon organizational member’s behavior (Martin, 2002). Depending on the culture in the organization it has been proven that it could be positive or negative in terms of carrying out functioning activities. It does depend on how things are perceived or accepted. If the culture is seen positive it allows the organization to conduct their business in the best possible light. But on the other side, if things are not understood correctly it can create lots of trouble for the organization. It is important to make sure that things are understood in an effective mode. If an organization’s culture doesn’t permit the sharing of data or the culture is not practical in its approach there could be obstacles in respect to the growth and progression. A culture that would serve as a hindrance to the organization’s expansion and growth would be a narrow-minded approach. To have...
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