...Clash Of civilisation The Clash of Civilizations (COC) is a hypothesis that people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world. It was proposed by political scientist Samuel P. Huntington in a 1992 lecture at the American Enterprise Institute, which was then developed in a 1993 Foreign Affairs article titled "The Clash of Civilizations? in response to his former student Francis Fukuyama's 1992 book, The End of History and the Last Man. Huntington later expanded his thesis in a 1996 book. Huntington began his thinking by surveying the diverse theories about the nature of global politics in the post-Cold War period. Some theorists and writers argued that human rights, liberal democracy, and capitalist free market economy had become the only remaining ideological alternative for nations in the post-Cold War world. Specifically, Francis Fukuyama argued that the world had reached the 'end of history' in a Hegelian sense. Huntington believed that while the age of ideology had ended, the world had only reverted to a normal state of affairs characterized by cultural conflict. In his thesis, he argued that the primary axis of conflict in the future will be along cultural and religious lines. As an extension, he posits that the concept of different civilizations, as the highest rank of cultural identity, will become increasingly useful in analyzing the potential for conflict. In the 1993 Foreign Affairs article, Huntington writes: ...
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...Culture Clash in the Movie Gua Sha Analysis A Chinese immigrant (Datong Xu) has great accomplishment in his career and a loving family, however, just because of a trivial matter, his life has gone differently. His father has come along to America to visit him. Dennis, who is the child of Datong, feels sick and undergoes a traditional Chinese treatment- Gua Sha by his grandfather. The treatment leaves marks on the child’s back and it is found accidentally by doctors and so, Datong is accused of child abuse. A number of culture clashes have been brought up in the movie. It is not the clash between Gua Sha and Western culture, it is the cultural values of Chinese and Westerners that clash. First of all, the clash between Americans and Chinese is conspicuous, particularly, their different perspective towards the concept of hitting children. At the beginning of the movie, Dennis gets in a fight with an American child who is the son of John (Datong’s boss). Datong is really angry and he hits Dennis in front of his boss publicly. In the middle of the movie, Datong quarrels with John. John says ‘I don’t understand why you hit your son.’ Datong replies ‘I hit him to give respect to you! To give you face!’ However, it is totally inconceivable to a Westerner because a westerner would never hit his/her children just to please the boss. That is why John replies furiously ‘What a twisted Chinese logic!’ In Chinese, there is a saying that goes ‘fighting is petting, scolding is loving.’ Most...
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...Clash of Cultures Juanita Morris HIS/115 November 23, 2014 Carly Muetterties Clash of Cultures Have you ever thought about what life would have been like today if certain encounters never took place? For example, if the English settlers never settled in Jamestown and never interacted with the Natives Americans. How would America look today? What would the economic, political, social, cultural, and religious make up of todays society? Most likely a lot different from the structure we see today. The clashing of cultures between Jamestown’s settlers and the Native Americans set the course of events in motion that shaped the America that we know and live in today. The earliest colonists in Jamestown was in 1607 and it was not with a warm reception as they were attacked by the Paspahegh tribe (StudentDoc, 2014). However, they were able to eventually set up trade with the Powhatan tribe for food and to help teach them to work the land. The Native tribe help them learn how to plant and harvest the cash crop known as tobacco which caused for relations them become strain as the colonist wanted to increase this crop for profit. This greed caused for the need for a labor force to work the crops more prevalent, thus setting in motion of slave trade and indentured servants (Schultz, 2012). As the cash crop continued to do well it not only brought about salve trade it also increased bad relations with Native tribes and a change in leadership. This hostility from the native cause them...
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...people of the Arab world to denounce these ideas altogether. This attack is important not only because of how widespread it was; but it is also important because of the way it changed the course of the West towards Islam. With that, the West needs to incentivize the Muslim world to adopt democracy and liberalism so that they see the benefits of these systems themselves. ISLAM AND THE WEST – AN INTRODUCTION Islam and the West are different entities in many ways, but because of the globalization in the world; we see that there is an increasing interaction between these two entities, which becomes a reason for conflict in many situations. Modernization, liberalism and globalization are appreciated. This does not mean acquiring Western culture, music, language; but it modernization requires learning modern ways of doing things, progressing in secular education, bringing new technology, supporting globalization, democracy and liberalism. Strategic Book Publishing, 2011.Since Israelis were living...
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...believed that language was the base of culture, that language both created and destroyed the Chicano identity and that if people were to progress there needed to be tolerance and unity. Anzaldua views language as a base for individual identity and ultimately for culture. Individual identity starts to for at a young age it starts off as a mixture of their likes and what is instituted on them by...
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...trait/aspect that he may have overlooked? Why was this potential "trait" not included among Huntington's original five? (c) In what three ways may non-Western civilizations potentially "respond" to the powers and values of Western civilization? Please choose two responses and provide and briefly describe/explain One specific real-world example depicting each of the two selected "responses." (d) In Huntington's view, why will civilizations clash? Please discuss in detail the six reasons Huntington uses to explain why a clash of civilizations is seemingly inevitable. (e) Do you agree with Huntington's argument as to why civilizations will clash? Why or why not? Provide at least ONE specific real-world example to support your answer. (HINT: In answering "why or why not," please consider whether Huntington overlooked and thus forget to add an important "reason" or whether he should omit/take-out one of his "reasons." Yao Jingjing Globalization and International Affairs October 9, 2012 Dr. Richardson Chapter 5 introduces a theory, “the clash of civilizations”, proposed by Samuel P. Huntington. According to this theory, “the fundamental source of conflict” after Cold war will be people’s cultural and religious identities. Based on Huntington’s hypothesis, my assignment will discuss about the features of the conflicts among the major civilizations mentioned in the article. And I also would like to point out what aspect is forgotten in analyzing the conflicts of these civilizations...
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...Presentation Outline The Joy Luck Club: Culture Clash and Identities I/ Introduction to The Joy Luck Club * About 4 mother-daughter (Lindo - Waverly, Ying Ying - Lena, An mei - Rose, Suyuan - June) duos living in America * 4 mothers were immigrants from China with tragic past * 4 daughters are American born and raised * A movie with many layers of intercultural and intergenerational communication (miscommunication) between mothers and daughters, as well as the daughters’ struggle with their cultural identities II/ Relevant literature and intercultural communication term * High context/ Low context Cultures * Collectivism / Individualism * Cultural Identity III/ Language barriers Even though the mothers speak understandable English, there are differences between the mothers’ English (alternative version of English with different accents and dialects) and the daughters’ English (American Standard English) Analysis: Analyses scenes where the differences are prominent Ex: [The title of the movie] The word “Joy Luck” does not exist in English. It is a poor, fractures version of English [Clip 01: The opening sequence (family/ friend gatherings)] Even though they are both speaking English, when spoken in groups (of mothers and of daughters), the languages used in each group seem different => Analyze differences in grammars, vocabulary and accents IV/ Communication style * High/Low Context China (high context) vs US (high context) ...
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...“Clash not Culture” Cultural differences in a post-Cold War era will not empirically lead to more frequent and violent conflicts between civilizations, regardless of their relationship or proximity to each other. As proven through history, conflict is inevitable and today theorists continue to debate where and why the next war will occur. Our world is a mist a diverging global society with non-state actors competing for new world order. Many states are suffering great turmoil, while others are gaining economic strength and power. Although the world has reached a point that we are poised for conflict, there has actually been a decline in conflict among civilizations. Among those that are geographically positioned for a border dispute, there has been no significant increase in conflict. Many would argue that clashes between western civilizations and non-western civilizations should be at the top of the list, but this has not been the case either. Conflict and war has occurred since the beginning of man and has been recorded right along religious strife. Conflict occurs for several basic reasons including: an attempt to increase a standard of living, to prevent a decrease in a standard of living, greed-more power and territory, religious idealism, and corrupt governments. When developing an analysis to determine the next confrontation, there are several points that must be considered: relative power of non-state ...
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...Research Essay The articles “The Clash of Civilizations”, “Jihad vs. McWorld”, “The Coming of Anarchy”, “The Summoning”, “The End of Progressivism”, and “The Myth of Global Ethnic Conflict” all exercise ideas and hypothesis that relate to present day world problems. The authors of these articles have strong beliefs about issues that could potentially lead to an apocalyptic future plagued with war. Throughout this paper I will talk about the main ideas of each article, compare and contrast the articles, and discuss my opinion about the article. In the article “The Clash of Civilizations”, Samuel P. Huntington believes that the fundamental source of conflict in the future will be a conflict on culture. Huntington strongly believes that 8 basic civilizations will clash in the future. These civilizations are Western, Confucian, Japanese, Islamic, Hindu, Slavic Orthodox, Latin American, and possibly African. Huntington defines a civilization as the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of what distinguishes them from other species. Civilizations can be seen as a cultural entity with commonalities in language, history, religion, customs, institutions, and may contain several nation states. Huntington believes these conflicts will occur because the world is becoming a smaller place, there is a rapid growth of civilization-consciousness, cultural characteristics and differences are less mutable and less easily compromised...
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...THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS AND RADICALISM Dr. M. LAL GOEL Also known as Dr. Madan Lal Goel University of West Florida lgoel@uwf.edu Abstract. The notion of a clash of civilizations has gained notoriety since the terrorist attack on WTC on 9/11/2001. Professor Samuel P. Huntington has popularized the view that the coming global conflict will be among major civilizations, not among different political ideologies. He identifies eight major civilizations: the Western (Europe and North America), Slavic (Russia and Eastern Europe), Islamic, Confucian, Hindu, Japanese, Latin American, and the African. Of particular focus in the present paper is the threat to civilization from radical Islam. Three factors that foment radicalism are described: the Islamic theology of exclusiveness, the nostalgic memory of a Muslim empire that lasted nearly 1,000 years, and the consequences of oil boom in the Middle East. Population estimates for different civilizations are provided at the end. Introduction The theory of a clash of civilizations has been with us for some time. British historian Arnold Toynbee used the term in a series of lectures he delivered in 1953. The Middle East specialist Bernard Lewis wrote in 1990 that the Muslim rage against the West is “no less than a clash of civilizations” (Lewis, 1990, p 60). Samuel P. Huntington, a Harvard University political science professor, has given new currency to the notion of a clash of civilizations. His 1993 article in Foreign...
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...Clash of civilizations script What Huntington thinks * in his hypothesis he thinks that today’s world has actually come to a period where the age of ideology or economically has ended. * Instead he says that the primary source of conflict between nations and humankind will be cultural and religious. That nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations ad even groups of different civilizations * Huntington also suggested that the main reason of world politics tend to be conflict between western and non-western civilizations Why civilizations will clash * differences based on history, language, region, religion, tradition and culture are more fundamental and stable that other differences between people. And these fundamental differences are product of centuries so they will not disappear anytime soon * The world is becoming a ‘smaller’ place and as a result interactions across the world are increasing which intensifies ‘civilization consciousness’ and the awareness of differences between civilizations and commonalities within civilizations * Due to economic modernization and social change, people are separated from longstanding local identities. Instead, religion has replaced this gap, which provides a basis for identity and commitment that transcends national boundaries and unites civilizations. * The growth of civilization-consciousness is enhanced...
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...The tension that was characteristic of the 1920’s came from a clash between traditional values and new progressive ideals. This manifested from new developments in commercial ideals, technology, and a new emerging ideal of the expression of "self" in society. The rapidly expanding industry which was consumer goods spearheaded the changes within the American home, especially technology. Furthermore many people were torn by the identification of the self in this new society; to identify with the newer progressive ideals or to hold steadfast to the traditional, victorian ideals which they held so sacred. The division between the progressive, secular, urban northern way of thinking and the traditional, christian, rural, southern mind set are what...
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...Amanda Pritchett Dr. Kenneth Currie ISS- 1200 3 September 2012 Clash of Civilizations “The West won the world not by the superiority of its ideas or values or religion, but rather by its superiority in utilizing organized violence. Westerners often dismiss this fact, non-Westerners never do.” Samuel P. Huntington, Eaton professor of the science of government and director of the John M. Olin Institute for strategic studies at Harvard, wrote a thought-provoking article; “The Clash of Civilizations” was published by Foreign Affairs in the summer of 1993. (Foreign Affairs). Huntington’s article given in nine topics, gives the reader a big-picture look at the world which nerved to imagine that a bi-polar rivalry between communism and capitalism was about to be reinstated by a multi-polar world of contradicting civilizations. He argues that the short-term warfare between ideologies is being replaced by the ancient warfare between civilizations. People’s cultural and religious identities will result in future conflicts. Huntington cautions that all this proposes that there will be cultural clangorings in the future. He says the troubling ones "are likely to arise from the interplay of Western arrogance, Islamic intolerance, and assertiveness." This is indeed a debated statement. Such clangoring’s are by no means an evident necessity, after all. Neither is it at all apparent that in the lack of such exterior issues, Western society would not have very uncompromising internal complications...
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...IV. Corporate Culture What is this powerful force called “organizational culture” that can determine success or failure in an acquisition and merger. It has been defined in various ways that to work with the culture of an organization is to work with all aspects of a company. “It is the traditions, shared beliefs, and expectations about how individuals behave and accomplish tasks in organizations (Cartwright & Cooper, 1993).” All organizations have a culture, and consistent set of beliefs, shared by most of the members of the organization about how people should behave at work and what tasks and goals are important. The culture also includes and is shaped by the pattern of successful internal responses to adapt to external threats and issues. Since, the culture is results of past successes it will resist change even though a change in the environment, specifically a merger or acquisition, might impose a change in the culture. Economic globalization is viewed by some as the best hope for world stability, by others as the greatest threat. But almost everyone accepts that businesses of all types must embrace it. Organizational culture is a big aspect to globalizations. For recent years more and more international companies has merged. There are very successful acquisitions and mergers, but on the other hand, there are also unsuccessful mergers due to the differences of corporate culture. Some factors of the difference of corporate culture that firms need...
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...American Realism The Civil War tore the country apart. Once America was reunited in 1865, there was a lot of healing that needed to take place to correct the wounds Americans had suffered at the hands of their kin. In these years there were still a lot of questions to answer and still a lot of truth to be found out about the nation itself. The questions of the place of African-Americans, white Americans, political Americans and every other kind of American out there was a source for constant frustration and violence. This is the background and the huge dust storm that American Realism rose out of. Prior to the Civil War, America was knee deep in the Romantic Movement which included writers such as Hawthorne, Thoreau, Melville, Poe and Whitman. Their writings focused on the puritan aspects of their ancestors or of the dark romance and psychological perspectives writers such as Poe and Melville used. However, after the war, this movement began to fade and Realism increased as the choice reading of the people. This was due to multiple events and changes in culture that led to Americans looking for something better to relate to. The first event was the end of the Civil War. The Civil War showed the violent intentions men had towards each other and also showed the vulnerability of men and the nation and how ungodly man actually was. However, Realism did not begin immediately after the Civil War but rather took off in the 1880’s. So what happened in the 1880’s then? The 1880’s...
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