...Delta encoding Delta encoding is a way of storing or transmitting data in the form of differences between sequential data rather than complete files; more generally this is known as data differencing. Delta encoding is sometimes called delta compression, particularly where archival histories of changes are required (e.g., in software projects). The differences are recorded in discrete files called "deltas" or "diffs", after the Unix file comparison utility, diff. Because changes are often small – for example, changing a few words in a large document, or changing a few records in a large table – delta encoding greatly reduces data redundancy. Collections of unique deltas are substantially more space-efficient than their non-encoded equivalents. From a logical point of view the difference between two data values is the information required to obtain one value from the other – see relative entropy. The difference between identical values (under some equivalence) is often called 0 or the neutral element. A good delta should be minimal, or ambiguous unless one element of a pair is present. Simple example Perhaps the simplest example is storing values of bytes as differences (deltas) between sequential values, rather than the values themselves. So, instead of 2, 4, 6, 9, 7, we would store 2, 2, 2, 3, −2. This is not very useful when used alone, but it can help further compression of data in which sequential values occur often. IFF 8SVX sound format applies this encoding to raw...
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...Understanding the Role of Culture 1) International firms like Starbucks and McDonald's most likely modify their business practices in Saudi Arabia because of . A) prevalent religious customs and beliefs B) poor international business relationships C) low demand for American products D) tight restrictions on foreign trade Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 91 Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 2) Women in Saudi Arabia are permitted to work alongside men as . A) lawyers B) architects C) engineers D) doctors Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 91 Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 3) All of the following statements about women in Saudi Arabia are true EXCEPT that they are . A) allowed to earn a college degree B) restricted from owning businesses C) allowed to buy designer clothing D) restricted from driving cars Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 91-92 Chapter: 3 Skill: Concept AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 4) What is the primary reason that high-end department stores operate in Saudi Arabia given the country's dress restrictions? A) Dress restrictions only apply to certain regions of Saudi Arabia. B) Women wear designer clothes for public functions when abayas are not required. C) Wealthy men and women in Saudi Arabia are interested in the latest fashion trends. D) Saudi Arabia draws travelers from Europe who want the latest designer clothes at low prices. Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 92 ...
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...country is best defined by which characteristics? C) attitudes, beliefs, and values 2) Suppose you have a friend from India who is a lifelong vegetarian and who does not like McDonald's because the company sells hamburgers in many countries. Which of the following describes your friend? A) "vegetarianism" represents a value, "dislike McDonald's" represents an attitude 3) There is nothing inherently "good" or "bad" about any color of the spectrum and all associations and perceptions regarding color arise from culture. Which of the following statements is not true: D) Red color is highly preferred in some African countries. 4) Cultural influences are also quite apparent in food preparation and consumption patterns and habits. Domino's Pizza, the world's largest pizza-delivery company, pulled out of Italy because: C) Italians perceived its products to be "too American." 5) While some food preferences remain deeply embedded in culture, there is plenty of evidence that global dietary preferences are converging. Examples of such a change can be predicted from: C) the growing number of McDonald's restaurants globally. 6) American Nancy McKinstry recently became the new CEO at Dutch publisher Wolters Kluwer. As Ms. McKinstry noted, she had to drop the word "aggressive" in describing her strategic plan to company managers. She said, "I learned that the word has a negative connotation to a lot of Europeans. I was coming across too hard, too much of a...
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...International Journal of Intercultural Relations 35 (2011) 49–60 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Intercultural Relations journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijintrel Cultural distance and expatriate job satisfaction Fabian Jintae Froese a,∗ , Vesa Peltokorpi b,1 a b Korea University Business School, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea HEC School of Management, Paris, 78351 Jouy en Josas, France a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Despite its strong impact in domestic settings on job performance, organizational commitment, stress, and turnover intentions, job satisfaction has received little attention in the literature on expatriates. This paper analyzes the predictors of job satisfaction that may arise in an expatriate context. Drawing on the cultural distance perspective, we propose that the national cultural distance, supervisor’s nationality, host-country language proficiency, expatriate type, and company nationality are important determinants of expatriate job satisfaction. Survey results from 148 expatriates in Japan demonstrate that national cultural distance, supervisor’s nationality, and expatriate type have a statistically significant influence on expatriate job satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications are provided. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Article history: Accepted 25 October 2010 Keywords: Expatriates Job satisfaction Cultural distance Japan In an...
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...~L\r..9rzG~ ~ <3Re.~...:)l3-A\ ,0:;J.2><:;' \--\~T~ ..... ) 1 h:~ ~.; ~< - \~~4- ;:::. :~ t.f; ~:J :i~ gJ ,;(' t \j' ~}~ '_ I Levels of culture 11th juror: (rising) 'I beg pardon, in discussing ... 10th juror: (inlerrupting and mimicking) 'I beg pardon. What are you so goddam polite about?' 11th juror: (looking s- raight at the 10th juror) 'For the same reason you're not. t It's the way I was brought up.' From Reginald Rose, Twelve Angry Men .;."" ' , ' , ·· ~.t,:' . '~ ,r ' ?,./ ......~ ~ i "·~:,>~i ;¥ '. .' I.' '=..,. :I....... Cl'~ .~ ';-;X•. .; ~ ::;~·r : ';f1 ~i-.:~ ;,;-" "~fS'::, ':~i , ~ " ;;: ~:~~ ~.~-~ : f ( f' 1-' : ::;'._, :: ::~!'~' • ~. ") "'{.~,:,~fr~;.f~- :: JHfffl t:;t~t~: ie-lD .ti'l~r~~" .~·~': ~ ~, :~··~ ·; ~.':l ;>~~~~ '<}{~ID:.) ~l4) JLu} r;: .bg,((! \ .,; ,:.. · ..·;~\~i':};,' ::ij 1:;-h .f.;t!£ .,i-:::;"} ~.) :i/;.~-:\: .• ~ ':rJ~) ~)>1~J lt tJ( . :-.r~r~~ ',:" " "--.Lt.~·"·1qI)O:· . bl1t~IJi-~b ;;_: ,:, ,"'"'" :'n:,~:.:n;~;:i~' ,. ~. If }.- i~~]~:·::-'nin:~.:' ,iWitl, !ic'q re, ,'1.Q_it;,n~rwv) ;j;,/ , 'ho.qqii2 <5/~jh:::,~,,: ; - ,;'l;jl)(: - , ,?:;-'; . n:J:Ai~r<, ;;':",' Twelve Angry Men is an American theatre piece which became a famous motion picture, starring Henry Fonda. The play was written in 1955'. The -scene consists of the jury room of a 'New York court of law. Twelve jury members. who have never met before have to decide ~,.manimously on the guilt or innocence of a boy from a slum area, accused of murder...
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...84 Chapter 5 is_paid. Role-play this case with another person. when you finish, address the following questions. @asexDis:o.uss:ior.m@uestions 1. \tvhich of the four key temperaments was most ciearly displayed by the other person? Identify specific comments and behaviors to support your assessment. 2. which of the four key temperaments do you think your comments and behaviors most clearly displayed? 3. Do you agree with each other's self and other assessments? not, why do you think you see the behaviors differently? If rffib PERToRmHcE CoMPEiENct Es FoR THts CHnprER o e To understand communication as a Process To learn rules for effective iistening and speaking in "lt is a greal misfortune neither r o o o negotiation To learn communication filtering techniques for negotiation To recognize signs of destructive conflict in negotiation and what to do when they arise To learn to watch body language in negotiation To be cautious in written and electronic negotiation lo have enough wit to talk well nor enough judgment to be silenl." La BruYere 85 86 ChaPter 6 ' Communicating in Negotiation 87 tion is essential for negotiating success. The opening quotation summarizes the essence of negotiation communication. your goal shouldbe to say the right things in the right ways at the right times and to hear. what you say must be understood as you iniend it to be effective. saying the right things in the right ways...
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...Material Diversity Worksheet Answer each question in 50 to 150 words. Provide citations for all the sources you use. 1. What is diversity? Why is diversity valued? “ The term “diversity” is used broadly to refer to many demographic variables, including, but not limited to, race, religion, color, gender, national origin, disability, sexual orientation, age, education, geographic origin, and skill characteristics. America's diversity has given this country its unique strength, resilience and richness.” ( U.S. Department of Interior). It is what this country is all about, being free to be whatever we want to be. 2. What is ethnocentrism? In what ways can ethnocentrism be detrimental to a society? Ethnocentrism is where one culture will judge another on by their own beliefs or convictions. This is very detrimental to a society because they only see one side of things, and that is their side only. They will not give anyone a fair shot to disprove their beliefs or ideas, because they already have it in mind that they are wrong or a “plague” to their way of thinking. This is how many people get hurt or killed because of this. If you look at Hitler this would be a great example. 3. Define emigration and immigration. The term emigration and immigration are the same thing they just mean things to different people depending on their viewpoint. The definition for immigration is for a group of people moving from their national origin to settle somewhere else. As to...
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...includes the different varieties of human cultures or societies in the entire world as a whole, or in a particular region. Dimensions of cultural diversity can include religious beliefs, gender, marital status, race, age, parental status, income, physical abilities and attributes, sexual orientation, geographic location, language, and other components. Today, the management of cultural diversity is much more complicated than single dimension like age, gender, race, etc. (Harvey & Allard, 2009). Ethnic, religious, racial and gender dimensions are considered as being the most important (Schaefer, 2011). Cultural diversity dimensions are actually divided into two sections: primary and secondary. The primary dimensions includes an individual’s race, age, physical attributes, gender, etc, and the secondary dimensions include factors like language, marital status, income, occupation, parental status, religious beliefs, etc. With what ethnic, cultural, or other groups do you identify? I honestly believe that I identify with a lot of ethnic or cultural groups, but the groups that I identify with the most are Native American, Caucasian, and African-American cultures. My mother is a Choctaw Indian (from lower North American region) and my father is actually the son of a “diverse” (African-American and Caucasian). My husband also came from a diverse family like my father, so my two kids have the pleasure of learning about so many different cultures every single time our families meet...
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...My particular culture is from Irish American. Both of my parents are from the same background and are very prominent in their families. We are strong believers in healing within the healthcare system. Ethic and cultural diversity are not new phenomena in Ireland. Have strong culture and identity of their own. The Irish healthcare is founded on a belief that awareness and sensitivity is the key requirement for adapting to a culturally diverse patient population. There has always been cultural diversity in Ireland. There has always been ‘people of colour’ in Ireland, including black Irish and other EU citizens and this visible form of diversity has also increased in recent years and is now part of the fabric of Ireland’s increasingly multicultural society. The increasing diversity means that the people who are seeking to avail of our healthcare services are from a broader range of ethnic groups than previously experienced. It is clear that cultural diversity is a key challenge for the Irish health care sector, both in terms of diversity in the workplace and the development and enhancement of service delivery that has the potential to impact positively on minority ethnic groups. 2. Within the community I live in, I feel that Hispanics are rising and especially within the healthcare system. Hispanics have very strong family connections, and have a variety of beliefs regarding healthcare. Some believe in folk medicines such as herbs. Folk medicine has a long-standing place...
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...society could not be expected to perceive custom which was the stuff of their own thinking. Anthropology holds up a great mirror to man and lets him look at himself in this infinite variety” Anthropology subfields. -biological/physical – archeology –Linguistics – Social/Cultural Ethnology –comparative study of cultures or people Ethnography – a systematic study of a culture or people. History of Anthropology - Herodotus = father of anthropology? Age of Discovery (16th and 17th century) - Xuanzang (7th century chinese) - xuanzang said that the Indians were very clean, why has that changed? Ethnocentrism: evaluating other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of ones own culture. Edward Tylor –(1832 – 1917) 1st professor of Anthropology at Oxford in 1884. Early Cultural Evolutionist: cultures evolve from simple to complex through stages: savagery, barbarian civilized. Tylor: animism to polytheism to monotheism. ‘primitive’-------- advanced James Frazier (1854 – 1941) - Scottish Magic-- Religion---- science In terms of rationality it evolves Cultural Relativism Looking at other cultures or...
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...Organizational Culture of Ann, Inc. An Organizational Culture Profile (OCP) can be used as a tool to measure the culture of an organization through seven distinct values. Those values include detail-oriented, team-oriented, people-oriented, outcome-oriented, stable, aggressive and innovative. The sum of these values characterizes an organization’s culture. By identifying values that make up a company’s culture, managers can steer the principles, values and beliefs of the company more effectively. At Ann, Inc., the parent corporation of Ann Taylor and Loft stores, the culture of the corporation is described as follows, “our high-performance culture offers rewarding possibilities that fit perfectly into your own version of success.” (Ann, Inc., 2013). More specifically, the culture of Ann, Inc. can be discovered by delving into some of the specific dimensional values of the OCP framework. According to Carpenter, Bauer and Erdogan (2013, p. 210), “companies that have innovative cultures are flexible, adaptable and experiment with new ideas.” Customers that shop at Ann Taylor and Loft stores on a frequent basis notice that new clothing is introduced when the seasons change and when trends change. As further evidence of this cultural value, Ann Inc.’s website mentions “innovation is constant” (Ann, Inc., 2013). In fact, in 2010, Ann, Inc. launched a move to replace its outdated large Ann Taylor stores with smaller stores that make women feel like they are at home, walking...
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... and mores, and subcultures are the basic elements of an organizational culture (Fottler, Ford, & Heaton, 2010). I feel that an employee should be fired if they do not meet the organization’s organizational culture. We all know that every individual has his/her own beliefs; however, if the person does not match the beliefs and values of the organization, problems can arise. If an organization says that they are focused on their consumers and when the employees interact with consumers they are rude and inconsiderate, the consumer may not return. I worked in a nursing home as a CNA for almost two years. Our patients all were elderly and had Down’s syndrome. Our organizational culture was to treat each patient with dignity and respect, as well as giving each patient their right to privacy. We were all trained on these beliefs, as well as all of the HIPAA rules. Our facility hired a young girl to work the floor as a CNA as well. I caught her making fun of one of our consumers with one of her friends. I turned her in, and she was fired on the spot, no questions asked. Like I stated before, I do believe that an employee should be terminated if they do not meet the organization’s culture. I also believe, however, that if the employee is trained properly, they should have a chance to get their attitudes in check. Once given that second chance, if they still do not meet the organization’s culture, then they should be terminated. I personally do not see any issues arising...
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...lingual” because he cannot speak his native Chinese language fluently and have also forgotten how to write in Chinese. As a grown man, he now struggles to face reality and is confined from embracing his own identity. From reading the story, I learned about his struggles and the discrimination he faces. But I also realized that Eric Liu is not different from me and from my culture. We also faced the same discrimination and prejudice from different groups of people. However, his struggle and his purpose is different from mine. I want to be known for who I really am and where I come from, but in his case, he wants to completely forget about his past. His fragmented knowledge about his father, his father’s past has left him a feeling of being incomplete which makes him ungrounded. In this case, he lacks the knowledge of his collective (personal and family) history which makes him lack the anchor for a sense of self and a bridge of intimacy and connection to people. My story is different from Eric Liu because if he feels ashamed of his true identity, I am proud of where I came from. I embrace my own native culture and traditions. I migrated to America from the Philippines with my family when I was twelve years old. Even if I am fully adjusted here, me and my family still holds a bridge and connection with our fellow Filipinos. My family and I still speak with our own native tongue and celebrate the Filipino...
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...the nation considered next ‘SUPERPOWER’ after America doesn’t have English as their official language. They are doing great with mandarin and have very less people speaking English there. When their language is not posing a hindrance to their growth, when their GDP rate is going pretty well, when they are not thinking for changing their official language but are rather putting their heads into bigger constructive discussions then why should we? Globalization has brought the world closer and therefore to know and have tolerance for different cultures and languages is absolutely great but to forget and bring a change in our own heritage is something that according to me should not be acceptable. It’s fantastic to know English and get education in the same medium. Surely, it enhances our people to be recognized globally. It may bring them confidence and it may also aid to their growth in personality, but to look down upon one’s own culture and language is like looking down upon your parents when they are old and they need help. We should get modern and have respect for different languages but it is also our responsibility to take care and preserve the heritage, HINDI, the language of our...
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...He knows it is a risky decision. When he became a franchisor, he had to overcome many difficulties. Steve anticipates he will face some of these difficulties again at the new location in Prague, Czech Republic. Although he was born in the United States, he has family and friends in the Czech Republic. Steve speaks Czech fluently, and has visited the country of his origin several times. In other words, he knows the people and the culture. Or does he? The purpose of this Cultural Challenges of Doing Business Overseas paper is to analyze the major differences and incompatibilities between the U.S. and Czech cultures. I will analyze the cross-cultural differences between the United States and Czech Republic, determine comparative advantages in this country, and recommend ways to minimize the risks of establishing a franchise overseas. It is important for Steve Hafka to understand Czech Cuisine being that he has decided to expand his business in Czech. If he does not research the Czech culture, his pizza franchise may not be successful. Both cultures are quite compatible and the major differences come in attitudes of people. Americans are generally optimists, where the majority of Czechs are pessimists. Another difference between the Czechs and Americans is their level of confidence. Americans seem to be overly confident in anything they do where Czechs have a hard time to take a stand. This could be explained by Americans being brought up embracing individualism and the Czechs...
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