...are all about early civilizations and their cultures. The answers will give a better insight into these civilizations and their cultural makeup. Question 1. What forces contributed to the cultural makeup of early civilizations? The first culture started in the days of the caveman. Their culture revolved around family, hunting, and the dangers that were present during that time. Their stories were passed down through the generations. As they moved around to different lands, their culture changed to include new experiences. In each early civilization, that main forces were simple, survival and creating new tools to facilitate this survival. As humans evolved, so did their culture. Humans became more intelligent and created tools, homes, and simple machines to help them develop the land and survive. Forms of religion and worship were also forces that helped to shape many early civilizations. In the beginning, religion was a way for early humans to explain any unknown factor in their lives. Question 2. What social issues arose because of this cultural makeup? Because different groupings of humans developed different cultures, misunderstandings and disagreements over land became more common. If two groups could not understand each other, it is easy to get offended without cause. Wars lead to the development of armies and more food production. The development of tools lead to the development of weapons. Religious wars also became common as different cultures worshiped different...
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...Topics in Cultural Studies What forces contributed to the cultural makeup of early civilizations? There are several things that contributed to the cultural makeup of early civilizations. Some of the forces were geographical location, religion, the diet of the culture, and the availability of natural resources. Geography contributed because it was a determining factor in what the culture would do such as farming or hunting. Religion contributed to how the culture lived and the location helped to determine the religion, they would have a sun goddess or a rain goddess depending on the location. The diet of the culture was affected be whether they were hunters or farmers and the available animals and resources. What social issues arose because of this cultural makeup? As cultures developed at different paces their level of intelligence evolved as well. The separation would then lead to cultures that had different beliefs and values and the fact that they had different opinions could cause problems between the different cultures. What were the main cultural influences on early civilizations? The need for food, clothing and housing were some of the main cultural influences on early civilization. The housing, food and clothes that they had depended on geography and their access to natural resources. Depending on where they were located they would grow crops or they might hunt. The food they could hunt or grow depended on the climate. From your perspective what are the pros...
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...There are various forces that contributed to the cultural makeup of early civilizations; these forces also varied amongst different cultures quite naturally some forces being more influential than others. Customs, spiritual and religious beliefs that were often largely based upon population’s geographic, demographic, agriculture or available resources. Civilizations develop when the environment of a region can support a large and productive population (Sayre, 2010 p.2). These forces all contributed to the “makeup” of early civilizations, for example people in a geographic area not conducive to plentiful farming would be hunters and vice versa famers or gathers dictating their entire life style . Populations largely determined their cultural based on their means of survival and these forces and ultimately manifested them into customs, politics, laws, and an all-around societal structure. Social issues such as war and economic difficulties arose due to these forces of a civilization. Some of the main cultural influences were customs, spiritual, religious belief, laws, politics and societal structure as these behaviors were commonly passed done within a population from generation to generation. Culture is very important to a civilization, as it is the foundation of civilization. While Historical revisionism, can enlighten, bring new information and perspective forth, it can also alter or amend what we already know as history. This can...
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...Topics in Cultural Studies Brenda Johnson Unit 1 Discussion Board AIU Culture Makeup Ancient civilizations are the foundation of the world as we know it today, was built on ruins of 10,000 years of advanced cultures such as the Greek, Roman, Mesopotamia, Mayan, Indus, Egyptian. Ancient history began with the invention/communication of art and then writing in about 3100 BC and lasted for centuries. Natural environment was an influence that help with the makeup of early civilization; changes in the weather such as seasonal changes, changes in the weather was an influence on when they would go out to do there hunting and planting. Science and development of their knowledge in how to use new tools and how that knowledge helped with simplifying how they hunted, build, and planted. Trading brought about interaction between many different cultures. Agriculture made it possible to settle down in a permanent community and not to have to always be on the move hunting for food; once farming was developed mankind did not have to be on the move continuously; learning to control the production of food and to keep a good supply of food and cattle on hand then their lives started to changed dramatically and completely. Because of the cultural makeup social issues did come up; such as conflicts between groups of people who believed differently. Pros and Cons of Revisionist History Revisionist history is a reinterpretation of what we call facts or truth surrounding...
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...* What forces contributed to the cultural makeup of early civilizations? Religion and beliefs play a main role in the cultural make up because of the simple fact that everyone has their own way of living. Even though there are many different beliefs they all can come together and agree on what they feel is right. Another force is geography for the simple fact of trade meaning what we have to give and what we can get from others. * What social issues arose because of this cultural makeup? Some issues that arose were war, and beliefs. War started because different country’s felt the need to take rather than to work together. Beliefs were an issue because everyone worshiped a different God and had different ways that they believed we should live. * What were the main cultural influences on early civilizations? The main influences were spiritual/religious beliefs, also ritual behaviors. Most people felt like if you weren’t living under the same religion as them then your different from them. They separated themselves from those who don’t share the same belief. Ritual behavior plays a big role because most cultures practice different religions and always the way they live life. They believed in a lot of what to do and what not to do. * From your perspective what are the pros and cons of revisionist history? Explain your response. The pros of revisionist is that you will get another view of past history meaning even though we have proof that those events did take...
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...Some artifacts are of such vital importance to our understanding of ancient cultures that they are truly unique and utterly irreplaceable. The gold mask of Tutankhamun was allowed to leave Egypt for display overseas; the Narmer Palette, on the other hand, is so valuable that it has never been permitted to leave the country. Discovered among a group of sacred implements ritually buried in a deposit within an early temple of the falcon god Horus at the site of Hierakonpolis (the capital of Egypt during the pre-dynastic period), this large ceremonial object is one of the most important artifacts from the dawn of Egyptian civilization. The beautifully carved palette, 63.5 cm (more than 2 feet) in height and made of smooth greyish-green siltstone, is decorated on both faces with detailed low relief. These scenes show a king, identified by name as Narmer, and a series of ambiguous scenes that have been difficult to interpret and have resulted in a number of theories regarding their meaning. The high quality of the workmanship, its original function as a ritual object dedicated to a god, and the complexity of the imagery clearly indicate that this was a significant object, but a satisfactory interpretation of the scenes has been elusive. What was the palette used for? The object itself is a monumental version of a type of daily use item commonly found in the predynastic period—palettes were generally flat, minimally decorated stone objects used for grinding and mixing minerals...
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...Technology vs. Morality Reflective Writing 1 Introduction to Humanities HUMN 100 May 16, 2015 Technology and morality makeup a large part of today’s modern society. At what point, should technological advances be confined by customary morality? The question seems a little complicated and the scales may be tipped in either direction. To base the advancement of a society around cultural standards may limit the development of a set people or nation. Let us venture to visualize the Amish, uncivilized tribes of the world, and Jehovah’s Witnesses and their belief in sticking to a close set of standards based upon their religious traditions. In contrast, let us view some of the innovations made by inventors like Michael Faraday, Cai Lun, and Dr. James Blundell. Technology is beneficial and detrimental to society and works as if it were a double-edged sword. Consider the Amish, they live without many of the modern conveniences of the world by choice. They chose this lifestyle because of their belief that most modern technologies are nothing more than a distraction away from their religious practices. According to author Linda Egenes’s book, Visiting with the Amish, “From an early age, the Amish learn to follow the Ordnung, a strict body of rules that govern behavior, dress, and attitude. In order to shun “the ways of the world,” the Amish reject modern technology (such as cars, telephones, television, and electricity) and dress in a way that sets them apart” ...
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...Throughout most of history women generally have had fewer legal rights and career opportunities than men. Wifehood and motherhood were regarded as women's most significant professions. In the 20th century, however, women in most nations won the right to vote and increased their educational and job opportunities. Perhaps most important, they fought for and to a large degree accomplished a reevaluation of traditional views of their role in society. Since early times women have been uniquely viewed as a creative source of human life. Historically, however, they have been considered not only intellectually inferior to men but also a major source of temptation and evil. In Greek mythology, for example, it was a woman, Pandora, who opened the forbidden box and brought plagues and unhappiness to mankind. Early Roman law described women as children, forever inferior to men. Women obtained 19 percent of all undergraduate college degrees around the beginning of the 20th century. By 1984 the figure had sharply increased to 49 percent. Women also increased their numbers in graduate study. By the mid-1980s women were earning 49 percent of all master's degrees and about 33 percent of all doctoral degrees. In 1985 about 53 percent of all college students were women, more than one quarter of who were above age 29. During the 1960s several federal laws improving the economic status of women were passed. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 required equal wages for...
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...Popular Culture of Europe Throughout the Ages Popular culture always has, and will remain, a telling aspect of the mindset of the masses throughout history. It is best defined by PhilosophyNow as the vernacular or people’s culture that predominates in a society at a point in time. The popular culture of Early Modern Europe can largely be classified as a shift from rowdy and vulgar celebrations to a more educated form of enjoying oneself. In the 1800’s, the formation of a mass society accompanied the growing literary movement, while post-WWI Europe experienced the gradual growth of mass media after numerous technological advancements, and later, a global movement towards rapid Americanization. In the mid-1300’s, the disease known as the Black Death was progressing rapidly throughout Europe. As more and more bodies were infected, the European masses began to live each day as if it were their last. This took place in the form of “sex crazed and alcoholic orgies” (Spielvogel 307). In Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron, a description of the popular reaction to the plague is featured: “Others maintained free living to be a better preservative, and would baulk no passion or appetite they wished to gratify, drinking and reveling incessantly from tavern to tavern” (Boccaccio 3). Although the most prominent scares of the Black Death began to fade away in the later years of the 14th century, the need for a rowdy form of enjoyment was still prevalent. Europe experienced a so-called...
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...Native American History John Houston HIS204: American History since 1865 Prof. Gregory Scott August 21, 2013 Thesis statement: Native American history Introduction It has been seen that Native American history extents thousands of thousands of years and two continents. This is a versatile narrative of full of life cultures that in turn generated complicated financial associations and multifaceted political unions. In the course of it all, an association of First Peoples to the earth has stay behind a fundamental subject. Despite the fact that Native Americans of the area nowadays recognized like New England share identical languages and civilizations, recognized like Eastern Algonquian, we can say that they are not one political or societal cluster. To a certain extent, history comprises and still comprises numerous sub-groups. For instance, the Wampanoag reside in southeastern Massachusetts, the Pequot’s and Mohegan’s live in Connecticut at the same time as the Pocumtucks dwelt in the middle Connecticut River Valley close to today's Deerfield, Massachusetts (Bourne, 1990). Similar to the elders of other Native society, Algonquian elders have conventionally conveyed significant civilizing information to the younger age group in words. Such information, passed on in the structure of tales, take in the group's record, information on beginning, viewpoint as well asethical lessons. Verbal ritual communicates formal procedure, supporting...
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...rise of dawn women have been treated as second class citizens and unequal to men. They were not given equal rights regarding their education, health, career and other aspects of their lives. In many civilizations women are treated as slaves and men considered them their property. From the beginning of History women are considered to be inferior to men. Even scholars, learned men and socialists of the early age called women as the greatest source of temptation and evil. Women were treated second-rated not only by the social norms, but also by the religion. Many religions of the world considered women as a species to gratify male hunger and produce his offspring. Civilizations were of the views that as women are physically weaker than men in the same way they have weaker mental abilities and powers. Even Christian Fathers gave humiliated statements about women e.g. St Jerome, Latin Father of Christian Church has said “Women is the gate of Devil, the Path of Wickedness, the Sting of the Serpent, in the World a Perilous Object”. There were women who challenged this unequal and intolerable behavior of men dominated society. The women challenging the “American Traditions” were called “Flappers”. They were identified with their short bob hair, short hems of the skirts wore dark makeup and listened jazz and pop music. Flappers also drank hard liquor, smoked cigarettes and took sexual relationships...
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...in the Development of Modern Medicine throughout the Middle Ages During the Middle Ages, the culture and society of Europe and the Western world was under the control of the Church. The religious aspects of medieval European peoples were a great consideration in the matters of the body and health care. The majority of medical knowledge and research was under the influence and followed the expressed ideas of the Church. As the hold of the Church on society began to disintegrate, medicine was able to move from medieval practices influenced by religious belief into modern medicine, based upon observation and evidence. Causes of disease and illness were now understood and scientists were able to start searching for cures because restrictions that prevented modern medical theories from being discovered were lifted. Paracelsus discovered that agents outside the body caused illness. The study of the human anatomy was now practiced and became an essential part of medical knowledge, giving way towards new modern advancements such as blood transfusions and surgeries. Da Vinci conducted many autopsies and constructed detailed drawings of the human anatomy, which had never been studied earlier. Medical knowledge was no longer different and divided into sects but was now centralized under the modern scientific teachings taught to doctors in universities everywhere. As the culture of the Middle Ages moved away from the Church and religion so did scientific knowledge, and without this...
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...ANIMAL AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THROUGHOUT THE AGES Modern human society owes its beginnings to the relationship that existed between our earliest ancestors and their connection with animals. Animals are credited with being alongside early hominids while they achieved three major behavioral changes. Shipman argues that toolmaking, language development, and domestication provides evidence that a connection existed between animals and our early ancestors (2011:15). Evidence for her hypothesis is staggering, and yet sometimes it includes a bit of guesswork. The best evidence one can witness for the validity of her hypothesis is in the modern era. In the United States alone, there are 69 million pet owners and in 2007 owners spent $41 billion on their pets (2011: 271). Clearly humans are connected with animals, and this connection must have developed through a long evolutionary process. As Shipman points out, “no other animal species regularly initiates long-term nurturing relationships with individuals of another species” (2011: 12). Clearly Homo sapiens are unique. But I would argue that this uniqueness is limited. Our early ancestors have given us a long lasting connection with animals, but this connection is selective. In other words we are emotionally or economically connected with only the few species of animals that our ancestors deemed necessary enough to get along with. Today animals that are deemed to have no intrinsic face value to our modern society are being neglected...
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...Slavery. It has been here since the beginning of civilization, and still is present to this day. As contradictory as it may seem, people have been using each other as property for a very long time. This horrible invention has been applied in several different countries all over the world. Over this time span, several different kinds of slavery have been established. Slavery has made an everlasting impact on the world today. Because of slavery we now have social, man-created concepts, such as race, gender, and class. Slavery has benefitted and disadvantaged many people of this day and time. Slavery is the main reason for the dispersal of African peoples, also known as the African Diaspora. As mentioned earlier, slavery was present almost everywhere. The main areas that affected the African Diaspora were Africa itself, the New World, and the Indian Ocean. Slavery in Africa started in approximately the 7th century and it was over religious reasons. Arab Muslims and Europeans traded in West, Central, and East Africa. Slavery existed in some of Africa’s earliest organized societies. The buying and selling of slaves were regular activities in cities along the Nile River. In Africa, early slavery resulted from warring groups taking captives. The treatment of slavery in Africa was variable. Many societies recognized slaves as merely property and some saw them as dependants who eventually might be integrated into the families of slave owners, because of this slavery was...
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...Causes of Homosexuality Alan Hardy Liberty University Abstract The purpose of this research is to provide an in depth look at the causes of homosexuality. Homosexuality has had a strong presence throughout history and many ancient civilizations openly engaged in homosexual activity. Currently, all research seems to conclude that there is no universal accepted truth as to why homosexuality exists, but many researchers agree that there are certain experiences and situations that tend to contribute to homosexual behavior. This research paper explores numerous contributing factors that are thought to raise the likelihood of someone becoming a homosexual. Readers will be interested to explore the core argument of biological and genetic makeup versus arguments of nature. Numerous studies and experiments help support both sides of the argument, but neither side is able to produce irrefutable evidence naming a direct cause of homosexuality. This research paper serves as a way for individuals interested in the causes of homosexuality to explore numerous viewpoints, stereotypes, and unbiased valid information on the topic. This research could be used to help individuals understand why homosexuality exists in today’s society. Causes of Homosexuality Homosexuality is perhaps one of the most misunderstood realities within today’s society. There are many people that view it as disgusting, unnatural and taboo. Others claim to support the right to love whomever with little or no understanding...
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