...New York to give his presentation at the conference. Upon arriving in New York he is shocked to find another couple living in his apartment. Walter soon finds out the couple was scammed into believing Walter’s apartment was available for rent. After being confronted by Walter the couple hastily moves out of the apartment apologizing to Walter multiple times for the misunderstanding. From this scene till the end of the movie there are various intercultural communication concepts that are clearly emphasized in the movie which demonstrate the culture differences between the characters. And by utilizing the concepts I have learned in class it has given me a whole new perspective on the movie. One of the main dialectic themes that stems throughout the entire movie is the Privilege–Disadvantage Dialectic. This dialectic is prevalent in each of the characters, although it affects each character differently. The Privilege–Disadvantage Dialectic states that a person may be privileged but at the same time this advantage may cause a disadvantaged. The first character I will analyze in this context is Walter. Walter is very privileged in that he has a PhD and is a college professor. However, because of his job and life style Walter limits his scope of actives he chooses to participate in which ultimately...
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...CO2520 Analysis 4 Based on your understanding of the situation, answer the following questions: How do people in “individualist’ cultures behave differently to people in “collectivist” cultures? In individualist cultures the connections between individuals are loose. Everyone is expected to look after themselves and their immediate family. Collectivist as it’s opposite pertains to societies in which people from birth onward are integrated into strong, cohesive groups, which throughout people’s lifetime continue to protect them in exchange for unwavering loyalty. As you were growing up, in what ways were you reared to be individualistic or collectivistic? Which orientation was the predominant cultural value of your family? As I grew up I was always told that it was a dog eat dog world and that only my brother would ever have my back. Being one of the few white children in town and only one of three in my neighborhood it was clear that there was a divide between us and the rest of the kids. Just showing that we grew up in an individualist. Though there was a sense of collectivist in there as well because even ever someone from outside of town messed with anyone from our town we would always come together for the greater good of our little city. Though I believe that we are all raised individualist. With the saying like no one will help you but you, or that everyone is out to get their own. Which is true we all understand and have a willingness to be collectivist. Like...
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...In relationships we have certain needs or desires, some of which contradict one another; Relational Dialectics explains how individuals manage this conflict of interest. Dialectics involves four key principles. The first is “Contradiction”, and when referring to relationships it is two needs that oppose one another, but are connected. Once one of these needs is satisfied, the individual will seek to fulfill the other need. The next is “Change”, which characterizes the overall nature of relationships. Relationships never remain constant and are continually changing. Thirdly, is the phrase “Praxis”, meaning that any action an individual makes will impact that individual’s life, the relationship, and anyone who is a member of said relationship. Finally, “Totality”, is understanding the complexity of relationships as aspects of the relationship are not examined separately, but rather together as they influence one another. More specifically, this paper will address Internal Dialectics. These tensions are within the relationship, whether it be with a girlfriend/boyfriend, parent, or friend....
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...One could argue, it is common sense that generally variety, and of course the variety of knowledge perspectives, highly contribute to the optimization, if not the integration of a task, and of course shared knowledge. That is mainly because, the variety of knowledge perspectives, give new and alternative options as well as opportunities, and therefore possibilities for the whole pursuit process; to check, adjust and amend individual contributions and thus add to the body of the knowledge that already exists (Ref A-pg.17). Additionally we have to consider the zone of exchange which is created from varieties of personal and shared knowledge, as well as dialectics which are triggered inside the zones of...
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...As Patricia Pisters (2003) asserts in her study of Deleuze and film theory The Matrix of Visual Culture, the Wachowski brothers’ film can be read from number of different theoretical perspectives. It invites readings via Lacanian psychoanalysis, Platonic notions of the cave and the disparity between the two strata of perception and also as a “New Age” (Pisters, 2003: 11) quasi-religious evocation of the second coming. However, here I would like to place the film’s visual sense and diegesis into a context of postmodern philosophy; drawing inferences and theoretical connections between the film and the work of Jean Baudrillard, Walter Benjamin and the neo-Marxists of the Frankfurt School, most notably Adorno and Horkheimer in Dialectic of Enlightenment (1979). The importance of postmodern philosophy and cyber culture to the visual sense of The Matrix is declared from its very opening titles. Random strings of green neon data are scrolled against a black background imbuing the viewer with a sense of the virtual and the cybernetic and this is concretised and given definite focus later on as Neo (Keanu Reeves) hides the two thousand dollars given to him by Anthony in a copy of Simulacra and Simulation by Baudrillard. This reference however is more than a mere visual joke it is a signifier for a number of the film’s sub-textual tropes and motifs. For Baudrillard, the notion of the simulacra was central to an understanding of the modern capitalist society. In his essay “The Precession...
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...I. In any relationship there are dialectics or tensions that may be experienced by both people, one of which is the disclosure-privacy dialectic. A. The disclosure-privacy dialectic is the tension between sharing personal information and keeping personal information confidential. B. Disclosure, or revealing private information, has related concepts. 2. Privacy is withholding confidential or secret information in order to enhance autonomy and/or minimize vulnerability. II. Each person has developed rules about what he or she will share, which is explained in more depth by the communication privacy management theory. A. Communication privacy management theory helps to explain the decision-making processes people use to manage disclosure and privacy. 1. The theory asserts that each of us has developed rules about privacy and disclosure. 2. These rules are designed to help us maximize the benefits of disclosure while minimizing risks. B. There are five factors that influence disclosure and privacy. 1. One’s culture influences rules about privacy and disclosure, with some cultures placing a higher value on privacy than others. 2. Gender is a criterion, since men or women who strongly identify themselves as masculine or feminine are likely to use rules for disclosure and privacy that correspond to sex role stereotypes. 3. Motivation is a criterion, since people differ in how eager they are to disclose to someone. 4. Context also determines privacy and disclosure...
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...Book VII Summary: Book VII, 514a- 521d In Book VII, Socrates presents the most beautiful and famous metaphor in Western philosophy: the allegory of the cave. This metaphor is meant to illustrate the effects of education on the human soul. Education moves the philosopher through the stages on the divided line, and ultimately brings him to the Form of the Good. Socrates describes a dark scene. A group of people have lived in a deep cave since birth, never seeing the light of day. These people are bound so that they cannot look to either side or behind them, but only straight ahead. Behind them is a fire, and behind the fire is a partial wall. On top of the wall are various statues, which are manipulated by another group of people, lying out of sight behind the partial wall. Because of the fire, the statues cast shadows across the wall that the prisoners are facing. The prisoners watch the stories that these shadows play out, and because these shadows are all they ever get to see, they believe them to be the most real things in the world. When they talk to one another about “men,” “women,” “trees,” or “horses,” they are referring to these shadows. These prisoners represent the lowest stage on the line—imagination. A prisoner is freed from his bonds, and is forced to look at the fire and at the statues themselves. After an initial period of pain and confusion because of direct exposure of his eyes to the light of the fire, the prisoner realizes that what he sees now are things...
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...history and memory generate compelling and unexpected insights. – Jake Cronin The interaction between history and memory is a complex and dialectic process through which perceptions of the past are negotiated, reinforced or challenged. Despite official history’s dependency on validating its claims through documented evidence, it must be acknowledged that it is not objective and remains vulnerable to distortion of those with political power or hegemony. Similarly, the subjective nature of memory allows for official history to be vulnerable to the bias of personal experience and differing perspectives. Furthermore, although official history and subjective memory both provide adequate insights into the past, it is through the consideration and combination of the two that compelling and unexpected insights into the past are generated. Paul Keating’s ‘The Redfern Address’ offers a reasonable challenge to the dominant historical narrative surrounding the European colonisation of Australia and their acts of social injustice in regards to Indigenous Australians. Similarly, Shaun Tan’s ‘Memorial’ explores Australia’s wartime history through the medium of a community’s personal experiences, perspectives and memories converging to form history, and illuminates the way in which history is dictated by those with political power. Through the dialectic interplay of history and meaning, compelling and unanticipated comprehensions of the past are generated and are negotiated to form the rich...
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...If one examines textual narrative, one is faced with a choice: either accept the modern paradigm of expression or conclude that language may be used to reinforce capitalism. But Foucault’s model of the prepatriarchialist paradigm of reality suggests that the establishment is part of the paradigm of narrativity, given that sexuality is equal to consciousness. Derrida promotes the use of textual narrative to analyse and attack sexual identity. Therefore, Scuglia[1] implies that we have to choose between the prepatriarchialist paradigm of reality and subdialectic rationalism. If textual narrative holds, the works of Joyce are an example of constructivist nihilism. In a sense, the subject is contextualised into a pretextual paradigm of narrative that includes reality as a paradox. The primary theme of the works of Joyce is not, in fact, discourse, but subdiscourse. Thus, the subject is interpolated into a prepatriarchialist paradigm of reality that includes narrativity as a totality. 2. Joyce and textual narrative “Society is intrinsically unattainable,” says Bataille. McElwaine[2] states that we have to choose between the prepatriarchialist paradigm of reality and posttextual capitalism. It could be said that several discourses concerning cultural theory may be found. The main theme of Buxton’s[3] analysis of textual narrative is the role of the artist as observer. If the modern paradigm of expression holds, we have to choose between textual nihilism and the neodialectic paradigm...
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...* Tensions in defining communication * Level of Observation/Abstractness * Intentionality * Normative Judgment * Communication Definition * Systemic * Process * Symbols * Meaning * History of Communication Studies * Communication Science Approach * Empirical * Preferred Methods * Quantitative v. Qualitative * Types of Methods * Hypothesis * Research Question * Theory * Taxonomy * Goals of Theory * Description * Explanation * Prediction * Cultural Understanding * Reform * Criteria for evaluating research * Scope * Appropriateness * Heuristic Value * Validity * Parsimony * Openness * Utility * Reform * Key Differences in Early Models of Communication * Hypodermic Needle: Media watchers are directly effected by the media content * Lazarsfeld’s Response: Disaproved the idea * Later Models of Communication * The media does not directly effect the people, it affects others who influence others * Influence leaders: People who care a message * Wilbur Schramm’s Model of Communication: sender and reciever * Transactional Model of Communication: Both participants do both roles. More dynamic * Perception * Cognitive Schemas * Implicit associations * Self image * Self Concept * Self-fulfilling...
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...In the article, Queer Cyborgs and New Mutants: Race, Sexuality, and Prosthetic Sociality in Digital Space, Mimi Nguyen analyzes the dialectic relationship between organic bodies and technologies in society by conducting an intersectional analysis. Specifically, Nguyen utilizes a narrative about Karma, a mutant who was a Vietnamese war refugee with the ability to “seize control of other peoples mind and bodies” (Nguyen 38). Nguyen, also of Vietnamese descent, use this first-personal narrative to not only relate herself to Karma, but to also humanize the subject at hand. Nguyen exhorts that being a cyborg or mutant is considered to be the ‘other’ in society. She claims that al though these mutants were brought together to fight evil mutants, these “New Mutants are nonetheless viewed with fear and suspicion by the non-mutant population” (Nguyen 374). These cyborgs and mutants are characterized as outsiders because their bodies are subjected to specific stereotypes that do not fit in the overwhelmingly “normal” society. Nguyen continues to say, “in these science fictions mutant bodies and cyborg bodies are analogized as minoritarian bodies, subjected and subjugated…” (377). Relating back to class discussion, these bodies are actually constructing the space around them. Since these mutants are so different and are being put in a space where they are considered to be the “other,” a majority believes it is there duty to remove them from that space. Even with their unique powers and...
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...Jekyll, Mr. Hyde When reading the story of Dr.Jekyll and Mr. Hyde many readers are able to easily relate the situations that are occurring and place them into their own lives. Many psychologists and philosophers have also seen this and have done research to see why this has come to be. George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, a philosopher, began to research the duality of human nature before this story was even written; he concluded that every conflict has a thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. Hegel is easily able to explain the story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr.Hyde by using his own Hegelian Dialectic. In the story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Dr. Jekyll is determined to find a way to let his alter ego; his other personality, the evil Mr. Hyde allows Dr. Jekyll to release the anger that he keeps in that are caused by the social ‘norms’ that are present in this time period. In comparison Dr. Jekyll is seen as being a cultures young man that had many of the characteristics or a well to do man in the Victorian time period. Mr. Hyde on the other hand is seen as vulgar, disrespectful and is seen as a monster throughout the book. Both personalities of Dr. Jekyll try and balance each other out but are not able to which leads to the ultimate self destruction of both. The idea of the Hegelian Dialect, that everything have a thesis, antithesis, as well as synthesis can be seen throughout the book as a reflection of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. One of the first impression that we receive of Jekyll is how much...
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...Haptics, Physical Appearance, and Artifacts are types of nonverbal behaviors. Kinesics refers to body position and body motions, including those of the face (Wood, 2011, p. 100). Body postures and gestures may say whether we are open to interaction. Haptics is a term for nonverbal communication involving physical touch (Wood, 2011, p. 101). Applying this to the movie, there is a scene when Jules has a conversation with Vincent about a foot massage. They argue about meaning and importance of physical touch of women’s feet. The story is about when Tony Rocky Horror was thrown out of the window after he gave a foot massage to Marcellus Wallace’s wife. Physical appearance is how we look like and how we present ourselves on public. Western culture places extremely high value on physical appearance and on specific aspects of appearance (Wood, 2011, p. 101). Like Jules and Vincent, they always look good; dressed up in black suit, tie, and polished shoes. Once they drive in a car with Marvin and Vincent shoots him by accident. They are covered in blood, but later on they end up wearing basketball outfit and they feel like “dorks”....
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...subcultural patriarchialism that includes language as a reality. Bataille’s essay on capitalist posttextual theory implies that truth is fundamentally responsible for hierarchy. In the works of Eco, a predominant concept is the concept of deconstructivist language. But if deconstructive narrative holds, the works of Eco are postmodern. The premise of the precultural paradigm of narrative holds that art is used to entrench the status quo, but only if Baudrillard’s critique of capitalist posttextual theory is invalid; otherwise, Sartre’s model of textual libertarianism is one of “Foucaultist power relations”, and therefore part of the futility of culture. “Sexual identity is unattainable,” says Baudrillard; however, according to Long, it is not so much sexual identity that is unattainable, but rather the stasis, and some would say the dialectic, of sexual identity. Therefore, the subject is contextualised into a capitalist posttextual theory that includes sexuality as a totality. Marx promotes the use of patriarchialist discourse to challenge capitalism. But the subject is interpolated into a neoconceptual deconstruction that includes art as a whole. Lacan uses the term ‘capitalist posttextual theory’ to denote not discourse, as Marx would have it, but subdiscourse. Therefore, the characteristic theme of the works of Eco is the failure, and subsequent paradigm, of constructivist consciousness. Derrida uses the term ‘deconstructive narrative’ to denote not appropriation, but preappropriation...
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...NEO-POSITIVISM STUART DODD (1900) Contributed the S theory as a qualitative systematic theory of society. The symbol S representing situation. Situations are of 4 components; time, space, population, and characteristics. GEORGE ZIPF (1902-1950) The guiding postulate of his theory is the “principle of least effort”- that is, in situations allowing alternatives, people choose those procedures that result in the "least average rate of probable work” WILLIAM OGBURN (1886-1959) Contributed the “hypothesis or theory of culture lag”- the lag between the adaptive culture (nonmaterial culture) and the more advanced material culture. HUMAN ECOLOGY ROBERT PARKS (1864-1959, American) Introduce the term human ecology competition as the basic process in human relationships; biotic factors as the proper field of study in human ecology. ERNEST BURGESS (1886-1996, American) Introduced the Concentric Zones Theory in the development of cities. AMOS HAWLEY His “ecological theory” proposes five ecological processes which bring about changes in the pattern of relationships: concentration expansion or centralization, contraction or decentralization, segregation and conversion. WALTER FIREY Advanced the socio-cultural ecology; posited the theory that space may have symbolic value; cultural definition and cultural values in the giving of meaning to space. EUGENE ODUM Advance the “equilibrium theory” or a balanced development...
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