...ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN CYBER ETHICS INTRODUCTION According to Barquin (1992), cyber ethic guidelines consist of Ten Commandments which are: (1) Thou shall not use a computer to harm others, (2) Thou shall not interfere with others computer work (3) Thou shall not snoop around in others computers files, (4) Thou shall not use computer to steal, (5) Thou shall not to bare fall witness, (6) Thou shall not copy or use proprietary software you have not paid for, (7) Thou shall not use others computers resources without authorization or proper compensation, (8) Thou shall not appropriate other people’s intellectual property, (9) Thou shall think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing (10) Thou shall use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow humans. These commandments or rules need to be obeyed by everyone who utilizes the cyber space facility in order to maintain the tranquility of cyber world. However, not everyone concern about these rules as we seen nowadays. In order to prevent plague from spreading and become worse in future, we have to identified the root cause of the problem and define how to solve it. The first commandment explained that it is not ethical to harm another user by using computer and it is not limited to physical injuries but also harming or damaging other user data or files. It is unethical to create a programmed that deliberately allows someone to steal, copy...
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...Definition: When the technology gets out ahead of us, then we have to work hard on our policies and ethical guidelines to catch up with this new technology. Data: The area of computer ethics covers a wide range of topics, many of the specific issues fall into one or more of several major categories: privacy, ownership of information, and security. The distinction between public and private is central to the American democratic tradition, for the private domain has long been consider the domain within which individuals freedom is most fully exercised. Computer-based technologies allow governments, corporations, and even individuals to collect certain amount of information about people. Using computers at home and work, individuals leave a huge amount of information about themselves, their reading and buying habits, their business dealings, their personal likes or dislikes. Several people ask if there should be a limit on the power of individuals, corporations, and governments to acquire such information. The growth of computer power and storage, coupled with the vast increase in the amount of information stored in databases, has opened the door to powerful database searches that reveal more about individuals than they would have believed possible. Encryption plays an important role as well. If criminals and terrorists can use encryption they can effectively prevent the government from monitoring their communications. Since digital media can be shared so easily and cheaply and...
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...Cyber Ethics CSEC 620 As one of the most uncertain and muddled aspects of any organization or company, Cyber Ethics are undoubtedly one of the most important in today’s technological age. Every organization or company operates with a Code of Conduct for its employees. This Code of Conduct outlines the “dos and don’ts” for an organization in hopes for “ethical” and “moral” operation of business. A typical code of conduct will outline an Acceptable Use policy, Internet Use policy, Security policy, and acceptable conduct policy for its employees that is supposed to be required reading. Like with any law, in cyber security there are always law-breakers waiting for the chance to exploit a weak firewall, a patch in the system, or a careless employee who leaves login information open for the wrong eyes to see. For this reason government and private sector alike must constantly update security measures and do thorough investigations of employees upon hiring. The internet is so large and open that it is a serious security threat for individual corporations and especially government agencies. The US government defends against countless internet attacks every day and because of the vast connections between private companies and government it is both the responsibility of private and public sector to insure everyone’s safety. Developing a widespread Code of Ethics in regards to Cyber Security is an increasingly difficult task. New advances in technology make it difficult to...
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...Living in the Age of Cyber Attacks and Cyber Warfare UMUC If you asked the average person on the street about cybersecurity and cyber warfare, they would probably say they don’t know much about it other than the fact that it involves computers. In fact, for anyone outside of the cybersecurity industry, the closest thing to cyber warfare that they may have experienced was their viewing of the movie War Games, or the fourth installment of the Die Hard series, Live Free or Die Hard. While those movies had a profound impact on the lives of the characters in the script, the audience probably thought it was merely fiction, not fully based on fact. In Live Free or Die Hard, John McClain (played by the indefatigable Bruce Willis) is attempting to stop a domestic cyber-terrorist who is acting out on a vendetta against the United States. The cyber-terrorist is successful in launching an online attack to overload and destroy a power grid that left much of America’s East Coast in darkness. When I first saw this movie, I was curious if an attack like that was really possible; however, most people around me just labeled the movie as “Hollywood’s overactive imagination”. With cyber attacks literally having the ability to affect lives in a nanosecond, it is vital that everyone understand what cyber attacks entail, the impact of these cyber attacks on a domestic and international scale, and knowing what to expect in the future while living in a world dominated by virtual experiences...
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...The Internet has taken an intricate and deceptive approach in the 21st century. With the always-constant advancement of technology, the Internet has grown to be a medium where, individuals utilize it as a platform to conduct criminal activities. Some criminal activities account for: fraud, cyber warfare, financial misconduct, and cyber-bullying. This has grown to be an incredible concern as human safety has been established as the main topic of conversation. With regards too the governance geography of criminal activities, “criminal organizations [as well as, individuals] cloak their power in the mantle of state authority” (Williams). However, “this [does not] suggest that the criminal interaction will determine all aspects of state behavior” (Williams). Furthermore, criminal organizations continue to “entrench themselves in weak states in the former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America and parts of Asia, [due to] differing degrees of vulnerability” (Williams). Imperviousness to solve these limitations is an approach that must be taken. Instead of acknowledging the ideology of compromising human security, economic and social concerns, there should be some sort of regulation rules implemented. However, there is, “a possible consequence of global divide caused by competing ideologies [over a] struggle for power” (Williams). It is most likely that, states that advocate, “law and order [are the same ones] that are dominated by criminal interests and criminal authorities” (Williams)...
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...are naturally anxious to meet new people and possibly make new friends and contacts. Online social media provide the perfect setting to do exactly that. Teenagers are able to interact with people from all over the world. This serves to not only increase their general knowledge but it enables this generation to be more tolerant of cultures and beliefs that differ from their own. New technology including smart phones with video and photo capabilities, iPad and other tablets, and portable Wi-Fi docs have made the Internet infinitely more assessable (Wolak, Mitchell & Finkelhor, 2006). Although technology has been associated with many positive effects, cyber bullying, sexting and slut shaming among teens are detrimental practices that have been encouraged by the advancement of technology owing to the obscurity that the cyber space provides. The first practice that this paper will focus on is bullying among teenagers, a form of intimidation that can take different forms and has been in existence since time immemorial. While the internet provides opportunities for self-affirmation...
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...with people being able to share ideas thus enhancing diversity (Thomas, 123-145). However, social media has negative effects as well. It is not possible to determine if a relationship developed over social media is meaningful. Many casual relationships have been nurtured through social media and in due course, some have been a source of misery to many people. Social media has been used by predators to advance negative actions to vulnerable people such as kids. Most of them have become victims of cyber-bullying and made to undergo terror experiences under the watch of their parents and peers. The consequence of cyber-bullying may be tragic and disappointing to the victim. Although social media has its positive benefits to the society, the negative effects are more aching to the target and therefore there is need for action. This is achievable by enhancing parental and institutional rules to control cyberspace and limit the negative effects associated with social media such as cyber bullying....
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...1. An overview on cyberbullying in higher education. This article defines bullying as “repeated intimidation, over time, of a physical, verbal, and Psychological nature of a less powerful person by a more powerful person or group of persons”. To date, 18 states have laws to address cyberbullying, compared with 49 states, all except Montana, having laws to address bullying (Hinduja & Patchin, 2013). State laws primarily focus on cyberbullying that occurs on K-12 campuses, and each state requires school district to have policies against bullying. In a K-12 environment, cyberbullying that occurs off campus has been handed off to the parents. The expansion and use of communications technology, such as mobile and tablet devices, has allowed the bully to transform and follow his or her victim almost anywhere, at any time. Short story/example: White female student at Duke University. On May 2010, this female student developed a fake senior thesis as a PowerPoint presentation that described her sexual exploits with 13 male students at Duke University. In her fake thesis, she utilized each student’s real name and picture which, in some cases, showed the male student in his university athletic uniform. The female student emailed the fake thesis to three people she considered close friends, and the thesis was forwarded to others undoubtedly due to the salacious nature of the thesis (Seelye & Roberts, 2010). Eventually, the thesis ended up in the public domain on the blog...
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...Cyber Espionage Topics in Global Strategy Mike Dresser MGT 536 March 11, 2013 Cyber espionage is quickly becoming one of the most feared tactics around the world, but most recently, the computer spy game between China and the United States has been elevated to new levels. Just within the last few days, The New York Times broke a story pin pointing Coca Cola as one of the main targets of a Chinese sponsored cyber attack. Many believe this was largely due to discussions that Coca Cola had with China Huiyuan Juice Company regarding a potential acquisition. If it had gone through, this would have been the largest acquisition of a Chinese company by a foreign corporation. However, due to an elaborate Chinese cyber spy operation, they attempted to hack into Coke’s files to find information about Coca Cola’s negotiating strategy, and the deal was ultimately terminated because of deceptive practices. This is only the tip of the iceberg as cyber spy attacks are becoming more and more prevalent across the globe with no signs of slowing down. Mandiant, a cyber security company, also made front page news this past week when they published a full detailed report that traced a series of cyber attacks on a variety of U.S. companies, as well as many of our government agencies, such as the Department of Defense, NASA, and the Department of Commerce. Mandiant specifically identified a Shanghai based operation known...
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...Difference Between Cyber Bullying Perpetration and Non-Physical Bullying: Relations to Race, Individual, and Family Predictors Abstract The research in this article is based upon finding a relationship between cyber-bullying perpetration with non-physical bullying. It also works on find the relatedness it has with race, home life, and other issues. They use children in grades 5th through 7th and use three time points, each six months apart. The article finds that cyber-bullying does have a significant overlap with non-physical bullying but when it is compared longitudinal there was less of an overlap. In today’s society, bullying has become a very big problem among adolescents. With all the new forms of communication with technology there has been a lot of cyber-bullying, specifically. It seems to be the new way to harass others and the fact that it is done through technology it makes it less obvious. The reason it is such a big problem though, is because the harassment some of the children endure have caused suicide. This article tries to find the relatedness it has with other factors of children’s lives. If some form of connection can be found then there can be a chance to find a way to stop the problem before it begins or to even see the signs of this type of bullying. For starters, what researchers have noticed is that cyber-bullying is something that is quite new to us today. Because of this it is a topic that is less understood by what the underlying...
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...Cyber security is a critical and growing issue in the world today. President Obama said this issue is, "one of the most serious economic and national security threats our nation faces" (Cybersecurity). The United States is one of the most computer dependent societies and has the most computer dependent military and intelligence agencies. With more and, more of our country being ran by technology we are at a bigger risk of attack. A cyber attack could be the most devastating attack our country has ever faced. An attack on America’s cyber infrastructure could cripple the country and put us at an even greater risk of a normal attack. FBI Director said “Counterterrorism — stopping terrorist attacks — with the FBI is the present number one priority. But down the road, the cyber threat, which cuts across all FBI programs, will be the number one threat to the country” (Paganini). The message is clear the cyber security threat we are facing today is a dangerous and growing threat that has serious offensive potential and is often difficult to detect or prevent. An attack on a nation’s critical infrastructure can be devastating and when you add the fact that cyber attacks often do not make themselves know until it is to late could make for a devastating first strike prior to an invasion. Cyber security is defined as measures taken to protect a computer or computer system (as on the Internet) against unauthorized access or attack. The term “cyber security threat” means...
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...Cyber Bullying Table of Contents I. Cover page II. Table of Contents III. Report It only seems like yesterday that teachers would have to stand on the play ground during recess and monitor the bullies, who would try to take another child’s lunch money, or to take a note being passed around in the classroom that would read something like “I will see you on the play ground after school.” A way to help prevent your child from being one of the many bullying victims is to know what the risk factors are of your child becoming one of the bullying victims. When it comes to being a bullying victim, children, teens and adults are those who don't get along well with others, have few or no friends, is less popular than others, what color their skin is, or what kind of clothes they wear, because they wear glasses, and what kind of house they live in. Now here we are in the year 2011, dealing with an entirely different style of bullying, which we all know is called “CYBERBULLYING”. No longer are the days of having the teacher send the student to the principal’s office or a phone call home to mom and dad. Friends and family of victims are also taking part when cyber bullying occurs. They may find themselves in difficult situations where they are peer pressured into participating in the bullying, afraid that if they don't play along, or they could become a target. They may feel that they have no power to stop it or start feeling guilty for not having spoken out against the...
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...Corporate/Cyber Espionage You’re the owner of ABC Candy Company and just about to debut your latest and greatest chocolate snack when your biggest rival over in Asia at XYZ Candies introduces its latest snack, that is almost a doppelganger to yours. Have you just been a victim to corporate cyber espionage or just extremely bad timing? In 2012 federal agencies alone reported 46,562 cyber security incidents compared to only 5,503 in 2006. In 6 years the number of incidents has multiplied over 8 times. (LUKAS, 2013) And what is the cost of this to companies in the U.S.? It is figured the price tag for this theft of information is at least 250 Billion dollars each year. This is significantly higher than what businesses pay each year, in federal corporate income taxes. (LUKAS, 2013) Meanwhile, McAfee provides an estimate encompassing global remediation costs to total a staggering $1 trillion per annum. (Paganini, 2013) Cyber corporate espionage attacks and threatens corporate America, government programs and individuals daily in new and unrelenting ways. But who is committing these attacks and why? How are individuals, groups, companies and even governments’ gaining access to supposed secure information? And how are you and corporate America going to detect and remove these threats from your daily lives? Let’s first start with just the basic definition of just what is corporate cyber espionage Cyber espionage is defined as the intentional use of computers or digital communications...
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...Internet to the general public. This Internet for most can be a useful resource. From gathering research for an academic project to attending a board room meeting remotely, the Internet has proven to be key in many aspects of human life today. The Internet has also given way to a slue of new crimes and negative activity. Cyber stalking, Cyber bullying, exploitation, sex crimes, financial fraud and the use of viruses and malicious code are just a few things that have become prevalent on the information super highway. One of today’s largest concerns among parents is protecting their children from becoming victims of bullying. There was a time when you had to worry about the school bully running into while in the hallways of your school or out and about around your neighbor, but the situation surrounding bullying been given a technological advantage. Social media sites such, as Facebook.com, Twitter and Instagram have become the avenues for bullies to invade their victim’s homes and lives. In a recent cyber bullying case in Lakeland Florida, a 12-year-old Rebecca Sedgwick jumped to her death at a local cement plant. She had been the victim of at least 15 cyber bullies through many avenues. The torment for her started at her school and bled over to the Facebook.com. After she was taken out of school by her mother and closed her Facebook account she continued to receive harsh messages and...
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...Cyber Bullying Stories: Tyler Tyler Clementi, 18, was a regular freshman who was passionate about playing the violin and was still new to his gay identity. Instead of enjoying college life at Rutgers University, his first semester proved to be a living hell, one he felt he had no way of escaping. Tyler had a roommate, Dharun Ravi, who had a hard time getting along with him and realized that Tyler liked to keep to himself most of the time. When Tyler informed his roommate that he would be hosting a male guest at their dorm room and asked for some privacy, Dharun went across the hall to his friend, Molly Wei and both of them streamed a video live from Tyler’s room using Dharun’s webcam, they say Tyler kissing another man and Dharun immediately began tweeting about it to friends and other Rutgers students and possibly, the entire world. On the same night, Tyler sent a request to the school’s administration asking for a single room citing the fact that his roommate had used a webcam to spy on him. The next day, Tyler made the same notification to Dharun that he would be receiving a male guest, this time Dharun tweeted that he would be live streaming the entire sexual tryst, and invited everyone to watch, but the viewing never occurred. The next day everyone woke up to the news that Tyler Clementi had jumped off a bridge into the Hudson river, his body was found hours later. His last communication with the world was a Facebook status declaring he was jumping off the bridge and...
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