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PART A
1.192.168.1.1 Open Ports are
80 (http)
2869(http)
2. Yes ,Nmap is able to identify the operating system that’s running on each system.
Yes, there are many techniques that can be used to determine the OS of the host and feature raw IP packets in order to determine the hosts that are available on the network, the services the hosts are offering, the Os they are running on and the type of packets that are in use (Kanclirz & Baskin, 2008). For instance OS fingerprinting technique can be used. In OS finger printing Nmap is used to discover the device type , running operating system, OS details and network distance..
Using the open ports on 192.68.1.1 which are 80 and 2869 the OS is determined from the Zenmap scan as shown below

OS CPE: cpe:/h:3com:7760 cpe:/h:netgear:wgt624 cpe:/o:netgear:vxworks:5
OS details: 3Com 7760 WAP, Linksys WRT54G or WRT54G2, or Netgear WGR614 or WPN824v2 wireless broadband router, Netgear WGT624 WAP, Netgear WGR614v7, WGT624v3, or WPN824v2 WAP (VxWorks 5.4.2)
The services of the open ports are
Port 80 Service(http)
Port 2869 Service(http)
3. The host which is more secure is the one which has features that enable it to be protected by default in the background and is less prudent to virus attacks. The system that does not contain such services is not protected by the features that protect it by default and thus it is found to be least secure (Kanclirz & Baskin, 2008).
4.Uses of Nmap
1. Nmap can be used to detect the open ports that are on the host. This is known as port discovery or enumeration.
2. Nmap is used in service discovery that is it can be able to detect the software and the versions of the open ports respectively.
3. It is used in detecting the vulnerability and security holes through generation of Nmap scripts.
4. Host discovery. Nmap is used in detecting the live host on the network.
5. Nmap is used in detection of the operating system, software version and hardware address.
5. Ping sweeping. This is because the targeted port does not need to be open in order to determine whether the machine is up or not.
6. Stealth scanning. In order to carry out this process the command might require root privileges.
7. Aggressively Scan hosts $nmap-T4-A 192.168.0.0/24.
This is a command that is very aggressive and obtrusive. The –A is used to simply tell Nmap to perform version checking and OS checking. The -T4 is for the speed templates which tell Nmap to perform the scan quickly. The output is shown below

PART B
5. A vulnerability that has high severity is port attack. Vulnerability is defined as a weakness that allows a hacker to gain access to a system. Nessus as a vulnerability scanner offers features that help to assess the security of control devices, system networks, workstations and servers (Kanclirz & Baskin, 2008).
Control to minimize the risk 1. Host scanning 2. Port scanning
6. Uses of Nessus
1. Nessus is used to check the vulnerabilities that resist a remote cracker to access the sensitive data or get control on a user systems. 2. It is used to get any misconfiguration such as missing patches or open mail relay. 3. Nessus is used to capture the password related vulnerabilities. In order to prevent all these an external tool called Hydra can be used launch a protected dictionary attack
4.Nessus uses mangled packets which can be used for services such as denials of service. 5. Nessus can also be used in the preparation of PCS DSS audits.
7. Identifying vulnerabilities. This is because it was easy to locate the sensitive information from the system by capturing password related vulnerabilities.
8. Configuration audits. It was difficult to get the misconfiguration such as missing patches.
9. Differences between using Nessus and Nmap.
1.Nessus is a port scanner that is considered to be an open port that is used to check security vulnerabilities whereas Nmap is purely a port discovery and host detection tool.
2. Nessus is more complete but is much slower in its operation whereas Nmap is much faster in carrying out its operation such as host detection.
3.Nessus gives risk levels to each IP address accompanied with a detail report whereas Nmap is used to detect the risks.
10.

Bibliography
Kanclirz, J., & Baskin, B. (2008). Netcat power tools. Burlington, MA: Syngress Pub.

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