...Introduction Cybercrime targets both government and private industries with various methods and motives behind them. Those various attack methods can make a significant damage ranging from an individual identity theft based scale to national scale concerning its security as a sovereign nation. In other words, cybercrime equally brings serious concerns for both private industries and government. Also, private industries have an interchangeable relationship with government agencies as client to provide services. Most of utilities-related critical infrastructure systems in every city are mostly managed by private organizations. As we are more depending on technological management of such critical infrastructure and centralization of such system throughout the network, cybercrime targeting those critical infrastructures can have detrimental effects for both private and government sectors. There has been a steady increase in numbers of cybercrime with its benefits over the traditional crime in the past decades. Cyber criminals are getting smarter and equipped with more resources with every passing days and are becoming bigger threats. Therefore, it is important to scrutinize those cybercrime-related issues as well as to delve into planning a well-thought out countermeasure for both private and government sectors in various aspects for betterment of safer society of the information era. In this paper, Part I addresses how government intervention justifies telling private industry...
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...Ethics in Cyberspace: Have We Seen This Movie Before? DR. THOMAS DONALDSON Monday, February 5, 2001 Wilder Pavilion, Adamian Academic Center Bentley College Waltham, Massachusetts Presenters Njeru Salesio Kinyua: Nduati Paul Njaaga: Toroitich Patrick Kiplimo: Lemuel Mangla: Bryan Egessa: 046485 015118 049063 090716 090524 Introduction Dr. Donaldson begins by stating that his topic, ethics in cyberspace, should be approached with considerable humility. Internet has dramatically affected our lives while frustrating our attempts to understand it and therefore we should be mindful that in the past, great intellects have been undone by the appearance of new phenomena. He gives an example of Adam Smith’s where he devoted only one paragraph to the topic of the emerging phenomenon of the business corporation. He did so because he believed corporations were never going to amount to much. Professor Smith was profoundly wrong. Dr. Donaldson says he may be profoundly wrong also as he ventures into cyberspace to untangle its ethical implications. “In my attempt I am most concerned to separate the old from the new, that is, to discern which value changes we're encountering are really old stuff, like a movie we've seen before but with a different cast, and what is fundamentally new. “ An answer to this question should help us, in turn, to discover how, if at all, the internet promises to change our values and what ethical controversies...
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...IA#1 Cybercrime Law, Regulation, Effects on Innovation John Doe CSEC 620 Section 9022 Note: This paper was submitted through originality check websites. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Private Industry & Regulations 4 3. National Security Concerns 4 4. Methods 6 5. Impacts of Government Regulation 7 6. Compliance 8 7. Responsibility 9 8. The Real World 10 9. Conclusion 11 References 12 1. Introduction Cybersecurity and cybersecurity initiatives are commonplace in all aspects of our digital lives. Personal computers are still widely used, especially in the workplace, but mobile devices seem to be the preferred computing choice of the average person. This would include but not be limited to; smart phones, tablets, and laptops to name a few. Mobile devices have changed the digital landscape in a manner that could not have been predicted. This is because other than work or school related activities, most personal computers were used to play a few games, check email, and browse the internet. These activities eventually transitioned over to the aforementioned mobile devices. Now we mix in social media, and a whole new digital cyber-world has emerged. Talk about getting your head out of the clouds. We live in the cloud, literally and figuratively. What does this mean to the average consumer? Perhaps not much. Most people who operate in the digital world could probably care less about the underpinnings of cyberspace and...
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...PROSTITUTION WITHOUT BORDERS: A High-Tech Human Trafficking in the 21st Century by: Ma. Bernadette B. Bautista As the world moves further into the 21st century, the society becomes more and more dependent on science and technology. Men had discovered technological innovations which brought about admirable effects like new approaches to industry, medicine, communication and information that facilitates the growth of virtual partnerships. With the emergence of new technologies, countries, regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade. But as technology advances in time, it has brought about both positive and negative impact not only on individuals but on the society as well. Men had used new forms and new technologies to facilitate their illegal activities and one of which is the raging human trafficking. Human trafficking or trafficking in persons is defined in the 2000 United Nations Convention Against Transnational Crime as the recruitment, transportation, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. It has developed throughout the years. It includes labor exploitation...
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...computer affects the ethical issues of the society. In this regards, we have traced some highly related issues to the ethics of computer usage, namely – misuse of time, honesty and integrity, privacy, security, intellectual property right, and computer crime. We have also tried to explain these issues in the light of Qur’an and Hadith. At the end of this paper, we have also suggested some measures that can help in promoting proper use of computer facilities by the Muslim masses without compromising the Islamic principles. Keywords : islamic ethics, computer ethics, privacy, security, computer crime. GJCST-G Classification: K.8.m Ethical Issues in Computer use A Study from Islamic Perspective Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2013. Abdul Kadar Muhammad Masum. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction inany medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ethical Issues in Computer use: A Study from Islamic Perspective Keywords : islamic ethics, computer...
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...THE “BLOG” EXPERIENCE: WHEN FREEDOM BECOMES INVASION INTRODUCTION Francois Voltaire, one of France’s most famous philosophers became well-known for this often quoted phrase: “I may disagree with what you have to say, but I shall defend, to the death, your right to say it.” The phrase summarizes the spirit of the freedom of speech – one of the inventions of the 18th century Enlightenment, a time when discussions among the upper class were construed as constituting the public sphere. Although they belonged to the sophisticated members of society, their conversations highlighted social equality and everyone was given the chance to speak and be demanded to listen. With free and frank conversations, people became acquainted with points of view that were not familiar; they discovered strengths and weaknesses in their personal arguments, and subsequently became moderate in the expression of their views taking into consideration the arguments of others. With this small light ignited in the intellectual realm, the idealism of free communication of thoughts and opinions spread and became one of the trademarks of democratic societies. During the next century, John Stuart Mill affirmed that societies progress when people freely express themselves because errors and misconceptions are exposed, and alternatives were proposed. These sentiments became the backbone of the United Nations’ Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948...
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...Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 2 2. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 2 3. Theory and Concepts ...................................................................................................................... 2 3.1. Cyber Crime ................................................................................................................................. 2 3.2. Cyber security ............................................................................................................................... 3 4. Key Findings / Discussion of your research topic ............................................................................ 3 4.1. The major risks of cyber security ................................................................................................. 3 4.1.1. To consumers ........................................................................................................................ 3 4.1.2. To businesses........................................................................................................................ 4 4.1.3. IT organisations ..................................................................................................................... 4 4.1.4. Telecommunication companies...
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...Measuring the Cost of Cybercrime Ross Anderson 1 Chris Barton 2 Rainer B¨hme 3 o Richard Clayton 4 Michel J.G. van Eeten 5 Michael Levi 6 Tyler Moore 7 Stefan Savage 8 Abstract In this paper we present what we believe to be the first systematic study of the costs of cybercrime. It was prepared in response to a request from the UK Ministry of Defence following scepticism that previous studies had hyped the problem. For each of the main categories of cybercrime we set out what is and is not known of the direct costs, indirect costs and defence costs – both to the UK and to the world as a whole. We distinguish carefully between traditional crimes that are now ‘cyber’ because they are conducted online (such as tax and welfare fraud); transitional crimes whose modus operandi has changed substantially as a result of the move online (such as credit card fraud); new crimes that owe their existence to the Internet; and what we might call platform crimes such as the provision of botnets which facilitate other crimes rather than being used to extract money from victims directly. As far as direct costs are concerned, we find that traditional offences such as tax and welfare fraud cost the typical citizen in the low hundreds of pounds/Euros/dollars a year; transitional frauds cost a few pounds/Euros/dollars; while the new computer crimes cost in the tens of pence/cents. However, the indirect costs and defence costs are much higher for transitional and new crimes. For the former they may be...
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...ability of the wine industry to grow within a given country? . There have been many factors that have led to the growth in the global economy. Some drivers that have been discussed in this course so far are: peace following WWII, the global support of GATT & the WTO, along with major improvements in information technologies and communications. But as the world revolutionized so did world trade and the global wine industry. Innovations where born, and communication between countries became easier which streamlined the distribution process a global market for the wine industry began. The demand for wine also increased worldwide as World War II came to a close. We learned in Chapter 1 that global commerce thrives during times of peace. An increase in the demand for wine during the postwar era coupled with new innovations that enabled wine to travel further distance without going bad, allowed “New World” producers to step up and compete with “Old World” traditional wine makers. This in turn caused new regulations and “standards” (of which we learned about in chapter 2) in order to protect their own domestic wine industry. As discussed on page 37 in Chapter 2 of our text, trade barriers exist to protect players amongst an industry and to encourage development of that industry domestically. While there were many regulatory changes going on within countries to protect their stake in the industry, externally consumer’s pallets and consumption rates...
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...Research Brief Homeland Security A RAN D IN FRAST RUCT URE , SAFE T Y, AN D E N VIRON ME N T PROGRAM Cybersecurity Economic Issues Corporate Approaches and Challenges to Decisionmaking RAND RESEARCH AREAS THE ARTS CHILD POLICY CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE C ybersecurity economics is an emerging field. There is a significant need for better data, better understanding, and better methods for using resources wisely, not only to protect critical products and services but also to provide assurances that software will work as expected. In two articles, RAND senior scientist Shari Lawrence Pfleeger and her colleagues addressed these key cybersecurity concerns and identified how different types of companies or organizations perceive the importance of cybersecurity and make cybersecurity investment decisions. Abstract The emerging field of cybersecurity economics could benefit from better data, better understanding, and better methods for using resources wisely, not only to protect critical products and services but also to provide assurances that software will work as expected. This research brief presents findings that address these key cybersecurity concerns, perceptions of the importance of cybersecurity, and considerations for cybersecurity...
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...THE LIABILITY OF INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS FOR UNLAWFUL CONTENT POSTED BY THIRD PARTIES N.D. O’BRIEN 2010 THE LIABILITY OF INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS FOR UNLAWFUL CONTENT POSTED BY THIRD PARTIES By N.D. O’BRIEN Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MAGISTER LEGUM in the Faculty of Law at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University January 2010 Supervisor: Prof F. Marx PREFACE I would like to extend my thanks to the following people: To my parents and Emma Taggart for their help, encouragement, sacrifice and support; To my supervisor, Prof Marx, for his assistance and guidance; To Dawn Prinsloo, at the NMMU Library, for providing me with her time and guidance; To Ms. Fourie, the Law Faculty Officer, for her always prompt and friendly assistance; To Mr. Ant Brooks and the Internet Service Provider Association, for providing me with a variety of interesting information and insights. Without their invaluable assistance I would not have been able to have completed this work. i SUMMARY Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) are crucial to the operation and development of the Internet. However, through the performance of their basic functions, they faced the great risk of civil and criminal liability for unlawful content posted by third parties. As this risk threatened the potential of the Internet, various jurisdictions opted to promulgate legislation that granted ISP’s safe harbours from liability. The South African (RSA)...
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...Acid rain SEE ALSO Pollution Acid Rain Acid Rain Adoption (interracial, unmarried persons, gays) Adoption; Gay parents; Interracial adoption Adoption AIDS AIDS (Disease); AIDS (Disease) in children AIDS (Disease); Pediatric AIDS (Disease) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Anorexia and Bulimia SEE Eating disorders Athletes and drugs Doping in Sports Drugs and Athletes Banking Bailout (2008) Bailout Battered women SEE ALSO Wife Abuse Abused women Conjugal abuse Birth control Birth control; Contraception Birth control; Contraception Black Reparations Movement Reparations; Slavery--Law and legislation Reparations Body language Body language; Gesture; Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication Bullying Bullying Bullying; Cyberbullying Business ethics Business ethics; Corporations - Corrupt practices Business ethics; Business enterprises, Corrupt practices Capital punishment (Death Penalty) Capital punishment; Death row Capital punishment Cancer Cancer--Prevention SEE ALSO types of cancer, such asBreast--Cancer Neoplasms--Prevention and Control;Cancer Treatment Censorship SEE ALSO Freedom of the Press Censorship; Prohibited books Censorship; USA Patriot Act 2001-US AND Civil liberties; Filtering software;Banned books Child abuse SEE ALSO Domestic violence Abused...
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... inadequate technological infrastructure of partners, lack of integration with business, implementation costs, company culture, inadequate business processes to support e-procurement, regulatory and legal controls, security, co-operation of business partners capacity, inadequate e-procurement solutions, upper management support (Chipiro, 2009). Shakir et all, (2007) identified several driver/barriers for adoption of e-procurement; Economic: Little benefit to vendors, vendors’ concerns about costs, vendors’ fear of competitive bidding because of its adverse effect on price, insufficient internal resources to support e-procurement Operational: vendors’ concerns about required changes in work processes, lack of skilled personnel, particularly when the vendor is required to populate, update, and monitor, electronic product catalogues Environmental: ineffective public infrastructure, restrictive or lack of regulations from domestic governments, differences in language, culture, and legal systems Technological: low or different levels of IT maturity among vendors, lack of technical and data exchange standards, lack of supporting IT infrastructure, Vendors’ concerns about the...
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... MD. Mahmudul Hasan | 2011-1-13-060 | Date of Submission: December-03, 2014 Acknowledgement We are very pleased to accomplish the assign task given by our honorable course instructor Md. Ziaul Haque on the subject “Legal Environment of Business”. We are very much obliged to those persons who gave their valuable time in the organization overview part, opinion and advice to complete this report. At first, our profound gratification goes to, Md. Ziaul Haque the honorable course instructor of Business Communication for his supervision to complete the assignment successfully. By providing us the opportunity of preparing this assignment, he has made us able to relate the academic knowledge of Business law with practical scenario. Not only this, he has also contributed much in this term paper by giving us proper guideline. We are acknowledging to all of those web sites from which we have taken necessary helps. Our gratitude also goes to some senior students for their guidance in various stages of completing the term paper and our dear friends and classmates for their ingenious advices and supports. Finally, we are pleased to complete the term paper on the given subject properly and genuinely. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL December-03, 2014 Md. Ziaul Haque Senior Lecturer, Dept. Of Business Administration East West University Subject: Submission of Assignment on “Information and...
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...followed by FinTech 2.0, from 1987-2008, during which financial services firms increasingly digitized their processes. Since 2008 a new era of FinTech has emerged in both the developed and developing world. This era is defined not by the financial products or services delivered but by who delivers them. This latest evolution of FinTech, led by start-ups, poses challenges for regulators and market participants alike, particularly in balancing the potential benefits of innovation with the possible risks of new approaches. * Professor, Co-Director, Duke-HKU Asia America Institute in Transnational Law, and Member, Board of Management, Asian Institute of International Financial Law, Faculty of Law, University of Hong Kong. ** Senior Research Fellow, Asian Institute of International Financial Law, Faculty of Law, University of Hong Kong; and Founder, FinTech HK. *** CIFR King & Wood Mallesons Chair of International Financial Law, Scientia Professor, and Member, Centre for Law, Markets & Regulation, UNSW Australia. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the the Hong Kong Research Grants Council Theme-based Research Scheme (Enhancing Hong Kong’s Future as a Leading International Financial Centre) and the Australian Research Council Linkage...
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