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Cyrano

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Drama 148A Part 2 I. Operetta: * * Mixture of classical singers and orchestras with lighter, often comical story lines, like opera bouffe. * * Contained popular dances: * Can-cans * Polkas * Waltzes * * A musical art for the masses 1. Operetta in Europe: * * Paris w/ Jacques Offenbach * “Operettes” * * London w/ Gilbert & Sullivan * * Vienna w/ Johann Strauss II * “The Waltz King” 2. French Operetta: * Jacques Offenbach * * The Grand Duchess of Geroldstein (1867) * Libretto by: Ludovic Halévy & Henri Meilhac (of Carmen fame) * Orpheus In the Underword (1858) featuring can-can (gallop infernal) 3. English Operetta: Gilbert and Sullivan * * William Schwench Gilbert (W.S.) * 1836-1911 * * Book & Lyrics * Pen name “Bab” * * Arthur Seymour Sullivan * 1842-1900 * * Composer * German trained * One-act opera: Cox and Box * First collaboration: Thespis (1871) * * Richard D’Oyly Carte, producer * * First hit: Trial By Jury (1875) * * D’Oyly Carte Opera Co. * The Sorcerer (1876) * W.S. Gilbert, *Stage Director a. * H.M.S. Pinafore (1878): * Staging had to be followed, no improvisation * Comedy * 10,000 vocal copies sold a day b. The Pirates of Penzance (1879): * * Revived in 1980 by the New York Shakespeare Festival * * Producer, Joseph Papp * * Starred Linda Ronstadt & Kevin Kline * * Premiered in U.S. c. Patience (1881): * *First to play the Savory Theatre * Began “Savoyard” tradition d. Lolanthe (1882): * Patter song: * “The Nightmare Song” e. Princess Ida (1884) f. * The Mikado (1885): * Best known work prior to Pirates revival * * Mikado (ruler of Japan-character male) * Nanki-Poo (son-ingenue male) * Katisha (fiancé-character female) * * Koko (Lord High Executioner- character male) * Pooh-Bh (Koko’s fiancé- ingénue female) * * Yum-Yum (Koko’s fiancé- ingénue female) * Pitti-Sing (Yum Yum’s friend- ingénue female) * Peep-o (Yum Yum’s friend- ingénue female) * Patter song: * “I’ve Got a Little List” * Eric Idle English National Opera (ENO) g. Ruddigore (1887): * Most bizarre setting h. * Yeomen of the Guard (1888): * Closest to Grand Opera i. * The Gondoliers (1889): * Return to comic traditions j. Last 2 operettas * Utopia, Limited (1893) * The Grand Duke (1896) k. D’Oyly Carte Opera Co.: * Song: Rupert D’Oyly Carte, produces 1910’s-1940’s * Granddaughter: Bridget D’Oyly Carte, last producer l. G & S Legacy: * * English libretto’s stronger than translations of other European operettas * * No Star vehicles * * Sheet music * * Shows well constructed m. G & S Stock Commonalities:* * Separate male & female choruses * Recitative and aria format * Choral responses * Patter Songs * Salute to Her Majesty * Marriage between the classes * Songs reprised during finale * Babies switched at birth n. G&S Stock Characters:* * Female Soprano Ingénue * Male Tenor Ingénue * Female Character Actress * Male Character Actor II. Viennese Operetta 1. Fantinitza (1879): * Music: Franz von Suppe 2. * The Merry Widow (1907): * Die lustige Witwe * Music: Franz Lehar * Fashion Trends: * Hats * Corsets * Dance trends: * The Waltz * Characters & Plot * * Hanna Glawari- the widow * Baron Zeta- Valencienne,

III. American Operetta 1. Reginal DeKoven (1859-1920): * The Begum (1887) * Librettist: * *Harry B. Smith (1860-1936) * * Robin Hood (1891) * * “Oh, Promise Me” 2. John Philip Sousa: * * “The March King” * “Semper Fidelis” * “Stars & Stripe” * *El Capitan (1896) 3. Victor Herbert (It was him that made American Operettas famous) * Composed * 50 Operettas * Classical Operettas * Ziegfeld Follies * Born in Dublin* * 1849-1924 * Studied in Germany* * ASCAP* (American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers a) 1st Operetta: Prince Ananias (1894) b) 1st Hit: Babes In Toyland* (1903) * Songs: “Toyland*” * “March of the Wooden Soldier” c) Mlle. Modiste* (1905) * “Kiss Me Again*” * Libretto: Henry Blossom d) The Red Mill* (1906) * “Moonbeams” * “In Old New York” * Stars*: Fred Stone (Tin Man) & Dave Montgomery e) Naughty Marietta* (1910) * “I’m falling In Love With Someone*” * “Italian Street Song*” * “Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life*” * Star: Emma Trentini* * Libretto: Rida Johnson Young* 4. Rudlof Rriml * Born in Prague * 1879-1972 * Classical Pianist a) 1st Success: The Firefly* (1912) * Arthur Hammerstein*, producer * Otto Harbach,* Lyricist * Emma Trentini* Star b) Rose-Marie* (1924) * Producer: Arthur Hammerstein* * Libretto: Otto Harbach* & Oscar Hammerstein II * Song: “Rose Marie*” * “The Mounties” * “Indian Love Call*” * Move Version: Jeanette MacDonald & Nelson Eddy c) The Vagabond King* (1925) * Consider his best score * Libretto: Brain Hooker & William Post * Song: “Only a Rose” * Star: Dennis King* d) The Three Musketeers* (1928) * Produced by Florenz Ziegfeld* * Star: Dennis King* 5. Sigmund Romberg * Born in Hungary * 1887 – 1951 * Blossom Time (1921) * Librettist: Dorothy Donnelly* * If an operetta is being revived, then it’s usually this composer. a) The Student Prince* (1924) * “The Drinking Song*” * “Serenade” * Libretto: Dorothy Donnelly* b) The Desert Song* (1926) (Poster called a musical play) * “The Desert Song*” * “Romance” * Libretto: Otto Harbach*, Oscar Hammerstein II*, and Frank Mandel c) The New Moon (1928) * Songs: “Lover Come Back To Me*” & “One Kiss” * Book: Frank Mandel, Laurence Schwab & Oscar Hammerstein II* * Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II* d) Up In Central Park (1945) * Book: Dorothy & Herbert Fields * Lyrics: Dorothy Fields e) The Girl In Pink Tights (1954) * Book: Jerome Chodorov & Joseph Fields * Lyrics: Leo Robin

IV. American Operetta’s Demise 1. The Depression 2. Ragtime and Jazz 3. American Popular Song * George Gershwin * Irving Berlin * Jerome Kern * Richard Rodgers 4. Movie versions were cheaper

V. Revues * Differed from vaudeville* * Unified* * Artists made multiple appearances* * Classy* * 2 Types* * Intimate* & Spectacular* 1. The Passing Show (1894) * Music: Ludwig Englander * Lyrics: Sydney Rosenberg * Producers: George Lederer & Sydney Rosenberg * Song: “Sex Against Sex” * Later editions produced by The Shuberts* A. Florenz Ziegfeld * Produced The Ziegfeld Follies from 1907-1931 * Ziegfeld Formula*: * Glamour * Pace * Decency * Spectacle * 1867 - 1932 * Father headed the Chicago Musical College * Dancing Ducks of Denmark a) Sandow* * “The Modern Hercules”* b) Anna Held * The Parisian Model (1906) c) The Ziegfeld Follies * 1907 – the 1st edition * 1908 – w/ Nora Bayes* * 1910 – w/ Bert Williams* & Fanny Brice* d) Hired: * Julian Mitchell: stage director* * Joseph Urban: set designer* * Composers: * Jerome Kern * Victor Herbert * Irving Berlin e) Stars: * W.C. Fields * Ed Wynn * Eddie Cantor * Will Rogers * Marilyn Miller f) Best editions 1910s through early 1920s * New Amsterdam Theatre* (Disney Restore it, purchase it) * Last edition in 1931 * Ziegfeld and the Spectacular Revue died in 1932 * Joseph Urban designed the Ziegfeld Theatre* (1927-66) g) Ziegfeld Copy Cats * Earl Carroll Vanities* (1923-1933) * Burlesque Style * George White Scandals* (1919-1939) * Dance Featured B. Intimate Revues * The Grand Street Follies* (1924) * By The Neighborhood Playhouse* a) The Garrick Gaieties (1925) * Presented the Theatre Guild* * Big Break for Rodgers & Hart* * Song: “Manhanttan*” b) Pins & Needles * Music & Lyrics: Harold Rome * Presented by the ILGWU (International Ladies Garment Workers Union)* * “Sing Me a Song of Social Signifincance*” * “It’s Better With a Union Man”

VI. George M. Cohan: Music and Lyrics (1878-1942) * The Four Cohans: * Dad: *Jerry (Jeremiah) * Mom: *Nellie (Helen) * Sister: *Josie (Josephine) * *Master Georgie * Producer: *Louis Behman * 5th Cohan added Wife: *Ethel 1. Initial Attempts at Musical Comedy: a) The Governor’s Son (1901) b) Running For Office (1902): * Producer: *Sam Harris c) Little Johnny Jones (1904): * Songs: * *“Yankee Doodle Dandy” * *“Give My Regard To Broadway” d) Forty-five Minutes from Broadway (1906): * Producer: A.R. Erlanger * Written for *Fay Templeton * Songs: * “Mary’s a Grand Old Name” * “45-Minutes From Broadway” * “So Long, Mary” 2. More Cohan Shows: a) George Washington, Jr. (1906): * Song: *“You’re a Grand Old Flag” b) The Honeymooners (1907) c) The Talk of New York (1907) d) 50 Miles from Boston (1908) * Song: “Harrigan” e) The Yankee Prince (1908) f) The Little Millionaire (1911) g) “Over There” * *Popular WWI Song * *Actor’s Equity Strike of 1919 3. Last 3 Shows- Cinderella themed: * Little Nellie Kelly (1922) * The Merry Malones (1927) * Billie (1928) 4. Late Cohan: * Show Doctor * Appeared in two shows: a) *Ah, Wilderness (1933) by Eugene O’Neill b) *I’d Rather Be Right (1937) * Score by Rodgers & Hart a) George M! (1968): * Star: Joel Grey VII. Jerome Kern (1885–1945) — * In London, met American producer, Charles Frohman — * Songs w/ lyricist, *P.G. Wodehouse * Song plugger in *Tin Pan Alley — * Theatre accompanist — * 4 songs in Mr. Wix of Wickham (1904) — * The Red Petticoat (1912) featured entire Kern score * 1st hit song — * Song: * “They Didn’t Believe Me” — 1. The Girl From Utah (1914): — * Lyricist: Harry B. Smith — 2. The Princess Theatre Shows: — * Seated 299 — * *Elisabeth Marbury (literary agent) — * *F. Ray Comstock (theatre manager) * *The Princess Plan: * Small Casts (8 to 12 couples) — * Limited Sets (2) & Costumes — * No Stars — * Small Orchestra (11 musicians) a) Nobody Home (1915): — * Based on English comedy, Mr. Popple of Ippleton — * Book: *Guy Bolton — b) Very Good Eddie (1915): — * Based on comedy Over Night by Philip Bartholomae — * Lyrics: Schulyer Greene — * Book: *Guy Bolton — * * Goodspeed Opera House revival (1975) * Song: “Babes In the Woods” 3. Princess Heyday:— * The Team: — * Music: *Jerome Kern — * Book: *Guy Bolton — * Lyrics: *P.G. Wodehouse — * The Shows: — * Have a Heart (1916) — * Oh, Boy! (1917) — * Leave It To Jane (1917) — * Oh, Lady! Lady!! (1918) a) Sally (1920): — * Producer: *Florenz Ziegfeld — * Book: *Guy Bolton — * Lyrics: *P.G. Wodehouse, Clifford Gray, B.G. DeSylva — * Additional Music: Victor Herbert — * Star: *Marilyn Miller — * Songs: * *“Look For the Silver Lining” * “I’m Just a Wild Rose” b) Sunny (1925): — * Star: *Marilyn Miller — * Producer: Charles Dillingham — * Libretto: *Otto Harbach & *Oscar Hammerstein II — * Song: *“Who?” — c) Show Boat (*1927): — * Producer: *Florenz Ziegfeld — * Book & Lyrics: *Oscar Hammerstein II — * Choreography: Sammy Lee * Source: novel by *Edna Ferber — * * Story features: Unhappy relationships, multi-dimensional African-American characters — * Songs not by Kern & Hammerstein: — * “Bill” lyrics: P.G. Wodehouse, cut from Oh, Lady! Lady!! and Sally — * “After the Ball” from A Trip To Chinatown — * Original Julie: *Helen Morgan * 1994 Revival: — * Director: *Harold Prince — * Choreographer: *Susan Stroman — * Cast: Mark Jacoby, Rebecca Luker, John McMartin, Elaine Stritch — 4. Post-Show Boat: — a) Sweet Adeline (1929): * Book & Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II * Star: Helen Morgan * Song: “Why Was I Born?” b) The Cat and the Fiddle (1931): * Book & Lyrics: Otto Harbach Roberta (1933) * Book & Lyrics: Otta Harbach * Stars: Bob Hope, Fay Templeton * Song: “Smoke Gets In Your Eyes” 5. Late Kern: — a) Very Warm In May (1939): — * Song: *“All the Things You Are” — * Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II * Died in 1945 — * Preparing revival of Show Boat — * Composing Annie Get Your Gun

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