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Daily Mail Case

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Daily Mail (Case 81/87, 27 September 1988)
Daily Mail was a tax-law case. Daily Mail plc wanted to move its de facto head office (tax residence) to the Netherlands because of the more favourable tax regime there, while at the same time it planned to remain a company subject to UK company law. The UK Treasury Department refused permission for the transfer of seat, which is necessary under UK law.
EC law implications
Because of the refusal of the UK Treasury Department to allow the transfer of the de facto head office, Daily Mail referred the question to the ECJ, whether Articles 43 and 48 EC Treaty preclude a member state from obstructing the transfer of the de facto head office from a member state.
Decision of the court
The ECJ concluded that this issue falls outside the scope of the Treaty provisions on freedom of establishment. Moreover, the Court added obiter dictum some comments regarding several conflicts of law questions. The Daily Mail judgment was recently confirmed by the Cartesio decision (see below).
Centros (Case C-212/97, 9 March 1999)
Two Danes established Centros Ltd under UK company law. The company was trade only in Denmark, however. The incorporators clearly stated that they had established the entity under UK company law solely to avoid the minimum capitalisation requirement for Danish limited liability companies. The Danish commercial registry considered this to be an unlawful circumvention of the Danish minimum capitalisation rules and so refused to register the company’s branch office in Denmark .
EC law implications
Once again the question of compatibility with the provisions on freedom of establishment (Articles 43 and 48 EC Treaty) are at stake. In particular the question was referred to the ECJ whether it is compatible with freedom of establishment to refuse registration of a branch of a lawfully founded company that has its

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