...Entities, Attributes, Business Rules and Database Models CIS111 Deontae Gaskins Ali Rahat-Zafar Strayer University April 13, 2016 Entities, Attributes, Business Rules and Database Models A database is defined as a grouped and organized set of data held in a computer system. A college database, therefore, can be defined as a small repository for its operational data. A college can use a database to access, manage and update its functional data. Additionally, it can use the database to track the information regarding its instructors; students, courses taught, and students' grades. A college needs an effective data management system. Such a system should be a collection of software, data, hardware, and users that are necessary to help the college manage its operational data. The major function of any database management system is to provide reliable and efficient methods of retrieving data to users. Therefore, a college database management system needs to be designed in a way that will allow several users to access several data items simultaneously or a similar data item frequently. Entities and attributes STUDENTS STUDENTS GRADES GRADES INSTRUCTORS INSTRUCTORS COURSES COURSES Diagram 1: A simple entity-relationship model. The above entity-relationship model is essential in designing a college database. Such entity-relationship model must use the concepts of the entity, attribute and relationship intuitively. Entities are key objects in the college...
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...Infor ERP LN Development Tools 8.6 Developer's Guide © Copyright 2009 Infor All rights reserved. The word and design marks set forth herein are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Infor and/or its affiliates and subsidiaries. All rights reserved. All other trademarks listed herein are the property of their respective owners. Important Notices The material contained in this publication (including any supplementary information) constitutes and contains confidential and proprietary information of Infor. By gaining access to the attached, you acknowledge and agree that the material (including any modification, translation or adaptation of the material) and all copyright, trade secrets and all other right, title and interest therein, are the sole property of Infor and that you shall not gain right, title or interest in the material (including any modification, translation or adaptation of the material) by virtue of your review thereof other than the non-exclusive right to use the material solely in connection with and the furtherance of your license and use of software made available to your company from Infor pursuant to a separate agreement (“Purpose”). In addition, by accessing the enclosed material, you acknowledge and agree that you are required to maintain such material in strict confidence and that your use of such material is limited to the Purpose described above. Although Infor has taken due care to ensure that the material included in this publication...
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...developing business values and purpose. Understanding the obstacles surrounding an organization helps us to take action to correct issues that may arise. In this paper, I will briefly touch on Organizational Intelligence, Business Model Logic, and Bloom’s Taxonomy. Introduction Organizational Intelligence (OI) is applied in all organizations to enhance the understanding of managerial processes and resources within the business. Organizations need to understand the barriers that surround them and be able to take the necessary actions to remove them. OI can be definitely, measured, and used to successfully achieve performance improvement when applied. OI can be characterized by various aspects of individual intelligence, cooperate knowledge, and support systems. Business Logic Model Business Logic Model refers to the logic of the organization, how it operates, and creates value for its consumers. Another term that can be used is a company’s stagey. “The firm’s logic for creating and commercializing value” (Osterwalder et al., 2005).To look into Business Logic Model we should first look at our business or service we provide and determine goals and how can we get them accomplished. Look into our customer base and decide what the customer values. Once we have gotten to know our customers then we can look at how we will deliver to them at a cost that benefits both parties. So what are we providing the customer and how can we get service to the customer? Business Logic Model...
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...August 31, 2007 Dear Potential Offeror, You are invited to submit a proposal in accordance with the requirements set forth in the attached Request for Proposal, (RFP 154:7-061) using Best Value Acquisition procedures. This RFP is being issued by the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) for the purpose of seeking solutions to address the requirements of the DMV CSI Systems Redesign effort as identified in the attached RFP. An original proposal, signed by your contractually binding authority, with 7 full copies and 2 redacted copies, must be received by DMV Contracts and Procurement Department no later than 3:00 p.m. local time on Tuesday, December 4, 2007. An optional pre-proposal conference will be held at DMV Headquarters, 2300 West Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia, Room 702, on Tuesday, October 2, 2007 at 10:00 a.m. local time. Please refer to RFP Section VII for additional information. All questions or inquiries regarding this RFP must be received by Wednesday, October 31, 2007 at 5:00 p.m. local time and must be submitted in writing exclusively to: Nancy M. Davis, CPPB, CPPO, VCO Contracts and Procurement Manager Department of Motor Vehicles Room 319 2300 West Broad Street Richmond, VA 23220 E-mail: nancy.davis@dmv.virginia.gov Fax: (804) 367-0046 All inquiries must be submitted electronically as indicated in the RFP. Please refer to RFP Section VII for additional information. No verbal inquiries will be accepted. From the date of issuance of this RFP until the...
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...real-world environment. The database designer uses data models to facilitate the interaction amongdesigners, application programmers, and end users. In short, a good data model is a communicationsdevice that helps eliminate (or at least substantially reduce) discrepancies between the databasedesign’s components and the real world data environment. The development of data models, bolstered by powerful database design tools, has made it possible to substantially diminish thedatabase design error potential. (Review Section 2.1 in detail.) 2. What is a business rule, and what is its purpose in data modelling? A business rule is a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific organization’s environment. In a sense, business rules are misnamed: they apply to any organization -- a business, a government unit, a religious group, or a research laboratory; large or small -- that stores and uses data to generate information. Business rules are derived from a description of operations. As its name implies, a description of operations is a detailed narrative that describes the operational environment of an organization. Such a description requires great precision and detail. If the description of operations is incorrect or incomplete, the business rules derived from it will not reflect the real world data environment accurately, thus leading to poorly defined data models, which lead to poor database designs. In turn, poor database designs lead to...
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...Business Rules and Data Models DeMone Wallace Professor Carmen Flores CIS 111 July 25, 2015 Databases are very helpful because they contain and organize content on many different topics. Perhaps the three most important uses of creating and using a database would be to store, retrieve, and analyze information. A database can typically be accessed easily, and is usually stored on computers. Although an electronic version such as one created in Microsoft Access may be the first that comes to mind, there are many non-automated database versions as well, such as a personal phone and address book. Though the data and categories may change from business to business, the direct use of the information in a college student database can vary from marketing and advertising to obtaining new student enrollment and creating programs for funding. When collecting information for databases that are used for business purposes, certain laws must be followed that protect consumers to avoid the mishandling of the information. Data collected by college databases serve multiple purposes from marketing and advertising, to government and business reporting. Information that may be commonly useful in this type of database is date of birth, marital status, sex, income, race, location, and veterans/military status. When students are searching for colleges and universities online, student surveys collect demographic information used for tracking enrollment trends. In 2010, Collegetrend.com prompted...
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...Database Final Exam review 1. What is data? Data are values of qualitative or quantitative variables, belonging to a set of items 2. What is information? Data becomes information after it has been processed to add context, relevance and purpose. 3. Role of data and information – Data and information allow users to make better decisions based on good information and data 4. Field – a column in a table which is a property of an entity (attribute) 5. Record – A row or tuple in a table 6. Tuple – A record or row in a table 7. ACID - ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. Atomicity means if one part of the transaction fails, all of the transaction fails, leaving the database unchanged. Consistency means the data written must be valid according to all the rules and the rules are applied from state to state. Isolation means that the data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second transaction until the first one is completed. It is executed as if it were being executed serially. Durability ensures that once transaction changes are done, they are permanent and cannot be undone or lost, even in the event of a system failure. 8. What is data redundancy and which characteristics of the file system can lead to it? Data redundancy exists when unnecessarily duplicated data are found in the database. It is the result of poorly designed databases which allow the data to be stored in different locations...
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...Business Rules and Data Models Insert Name Insert Course Insert Date Business Rules and Data Models Big organizations like universities, colleges, banking and hospitals with large amount of data require a software that is able to organize the data and in the database. Therefore the primary use of a database management system is its ability to collect data, store and transmute it into informative information that can help business make decisions. In order to make this possible, a database must be able to reduce data redundancy, inconsistency, upsurge security features, reliability and allow concurrent access of the data and improve accuracy and accuracy. The most important purpose of such a database is to provide automated methods that are able to develop, store and retrieve data more efficiently (Chapman, 2014). There are several drawbacks that are associated with the use of conventional file systems. This is because of the fact that most of such databases applications are developed on top of an existing file system. For this reason, the following problems are expected. To begin with, is redundancy; it is a situation where a lot of file formats together with duplicate information is found in different files (Gillenson, 2005). Accessing such data is difficult and the duplication of data in a file system may sometimes require a new program to be written. Another problem associated with conventional file systems is the difficult in file isolation. This is...
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...a spreadsheet showing all of a company's beach ball products sold in Florida in the month of July, compare revenue figures with those for the same products in September, and then see a comparison of other product sales in Data visualization Extract, transform, load (ETL) Florida in the same time period. To facilitate this kind of analysis, OLAP data is stored in a multidimensional database. Whereas a relational database can be thought of as two-dimensional, a multidimensional database considers each data attribute (such as product, geographic sales region, and time Association rules (in data mining) Relational database period) as a separate "dimension." OLAP software can locate the intersection of dimensions (all products sold in the Eastern region above a certain price during a certain time period) and display them. Attributes such as time periods can be broken down into subattributes. Denormalization OLAP can be used for data mining or the discovery of previously Master data management (MDM) undiscerned relationships between data items. An OLAP database does not Predictive modeling needed for trend...
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...discover relevant entities and attributes for database * Prepare interview questions and follow up * Prepare questionnaires * Observe work flow for process and exceptions Outline I. Gathering Information A. Initial Interviews with Chief Stakeholders B. Review of Business Documents C. Interviews with Stakeholders D. Questionnaires E. Job Shadowing II. Review of Business Documents A. Reasons for Review B. Forms C. Reports D. Other Business Documents III. Types of Databases A. Transaction Database B. Management Information Systems C. Business Intelligence Systems D. Cloud Databases IV. Interviews with Stakeholders A. Preparing for the Interview B. Conducting the Interview C. Note Taking and Evaluating the Interview V. Questionnaires A. When to Use Questionnaires B. Advantages and Disadvantages C. Comparison with Interviews VI. Work Shadowing A. Reasons to Observe Stakeholders at Work B. Looking for Exceptions VII. Documentation A. Business Documents B. Interview Questions and Answer Summaries C. Questionnaires and Summaries Vocabulary 1. Closed-Ended Question | g. A multiple choice question | 2. Domain | o. The purpose or subject of a database | 3. Business Intelligence | g. A Set of tools for analyzing business trends | 4. Exception | j. An Alternate way of doing a process | 5. Form | b. A document for gathering input | 6. Transaction Database | m. A database optimized for storing and processing real...
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...their daily business, the company is proposing the development of a centralized database that the managers can use to track the daily business of their apartment building and to prepare their reports * Constraints: The database will contain only lease, rent payment, and Maintenance Request. Any others will have to be built at extra cost. * Objectives: Create a database that will encompass all of Wildwood Apartment managers requirement for Quarterly reporting * Tasks and Timeline: * Gathering Data: Initial Interviews. * Time allotted: 3 Weeks * Deliverable: A list of scheduled interviews and observations, text of the questionnaires * Analyzing Data: The data gathered will be analyzed to determine business rules and preliminary data modeling. * Time allotted: 2 weeks * Deliverable: List of business rules to be reviewed, basic entities and attributes * Normalization: The data model will be completed with entities and relationships normalized. * Time allotted: 1 week * Deliverable: Entity Relation Diagram for Review * Building the Physical Database: The data model will be translated to the Relational Database Management system. Tables, Columns with specific data types and Relational and other * Time allotted: 3 days * Deliverable: The Schema of the database for review * Testing and Security: Sample data will be entered and each of the business rules and...
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...of same data in multiple places unnecessarily is called data redundance. the use of poorly designed databases or the use of spread sheets and tables that allow the same data to be kept in different locations are the characteristics of the file system can cause the data redundancy. 2. Explain the difference between data and information. |DATA | INFORMATION | | Raw facts is called Data |Processed data to reveal the meaning behind the facts is called | | |Information. | | Data constitute the building blocks of information |Information is produced by processing data | | |Information is used to reveal the meaning of data. | | |Good relevant and timely information is the key to good decision | |Data is the key component to an organization |making. | 3. List and describe the different types of databases Databases may be classified by- a. Number of users supported (single-user, desktop, multiuser, workgroup...
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...Assignment 1: Business rules and Data Models CIS 111: Introduction to Relational Database Management Systems Purpose of Database Spellman University had requested that I develop a database for their college. The purpose of the database will be to track the students and the courses. There also will be a place in the system to track the instructors teaching each course. There are many things to be considered in composing this database. This paper will outline the entities, attributes for each entity, the type of relationship, constraints, some business rules, and the conceptual and physical models. Entities and Attributes of Database There will be three main entities in the system; the students, the instructors and the courses. The students’ attributes would be last name, first name, social security number, and phone number, date of birth, address, student ID, level of education, enrollment date, GPA, any standardized test scored, all accepted credits, and their class schedule. The attributes for the instructors would be last name, first name, teacher ID, salary, address, telephone numbers (and or extensions), certifications, degrees, and the course code that they will be teaching. The courses attributes would be a specific course code. Along with the course code each individual class would have to have a code as well. This would make the system easier to keep track of instead of having it spelled out next to either the instructors' or the student's name. The relationship...
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...trillion of bytes of data is being generated by enterprises especially in telecom sector. To achieve level best decisions for business profits, access to that data in a well-situated and interactive way is always a dream of business executives and managers. Data warehouse is the only viable solution that can bring that dream into a reality. The enhancement of future endeavors to make decisions depends on the availability of correct information that based on quality of data underlying. The quality data can only be produced by cleaning data prior to loading into data warehouse. So correctness of data is essential for well-informed and reliable decision making. The framework proposed in this paper implements robust data quality to ensure consistent and correct loading of data into data warehouse that necessary to disciplined, accurate and reliable data analysis, data mining and knowledge discovery. Significant amounts of time and money are consequently spent on data cleaning, the task of detecting and correcting errors in data. Data cleaning is to deal with the dirty data in data warehouse so as to keep high data quality. The principal of data cleaning is to find and rectify the errors and inconsistencies for the data. 2. One study estimates this combined cost due to bad data to be over US$ 30 billion in year 2006 alone [5]. As business operations rely more...
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...Curtis Fowlkes CIS111 July 14, 2016 Assignment 1: Business Rules and Data Models The purpose of a database is to collect, store and organize data. A database can be abruptly described as a repository for data. This explains that building databases is really an extension of a human activity that has lasted since writing began and it can be applied to the result of any bookkeeping or recording activity that happened long before the arrival of the computer era. The creation of a database is required by the operation of an enterprise. The college keeps records of its students, its instructors, the courses that are taught by the college, the grades the students receive, and the assignments of advisors to students, as well as other aspects of the activity of the institution. Most online databases are measured relational databases and are shaped using controlled query language generally referred to as SQL. This type of database uses multiple tables of data that are related and ties them together with keys; a common identifying code. In database language, the white pages contain a table in which each subscriber is represented by a record and each subscriber record includes three fields: name, address, and phone number. The records are arranged alphabetically by the name field, which is called the key field. Entities are the things in the real world that we will store information about in the database. A student would be one entity and the class would be another...
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