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企业战略管理小组作业

关于沃尔玛公司的SWOT分析

小组成员:刘钎千、孟雨鑫、张煜、宋迎、祝倩倩、高迎春、霍雨佳、张硕、邓南、马永丽

沃尔玛的企业背景:沃尔玛百货公司由美国零售业的传奇人物山姆沃尔顿先生于1962年在阿肯色州成立。经过四十多年的发展,沃尔玛公司已经成为世界最大的私营雇主和最大的连锁零售商,在全球14个国家开设了7,000多家商场,员工总数超过200万人,每周光临沃尔玛的顾客达1.76亿人次。 沃尔玛1996年进入中国,在深圳开设了第一家沃尔玛购物广场和山姆会员商店。沃尔玛全球采购中心总部于2002年在深圳设立。经过十二年的发展,目前沃尔玛已经在全国共63个城市开设了115家商场,包括沃尔玛购物广场、山姆会员商店、沃尔玛社区店三种业态,其中沃尔玛购物广场110家、山姆会员商店3家,社区店2家,同时拥有好又多35%的股权。沃尔玛至今在华创造了超过50,000个就业机会。 作为一个出色的企业公民,沃尔玛自进入中国就积极开展社区服务和慈善公益活动,十二年累计向各种慈善公益事业捐献了超过5,700万元的物品和资金。沃尔玛十分重视环境保护和可持续发展,并把环保360的理念融入到沃尔玛日常工作的每一个环节,同时沃尔玛也鼓励合作伙伴成为沃尔玛环保360计划的一部分,共同致力于中国的环境保护和可持续发展。 与在世界其它地方一样,沃尔玛在中国始终坚持公司的优良传统,即专注于开好每一家店,服务好每一位顾客。致力于以“天天平价”为顾客提供品种齐全的优质商品和友善的服务。沃尔玛在中国每开设一家商场,均会为当地引入先进的零售技术及创新的零售观念。通过促进健康竞争,我们希望不断地提高经营水平和服务质量,从而为当地经济繁荣作出贡献。 沃尔玛在中国的经营始终坚持本地采购,通过购买优质产品为当地提供更多的就业机会,支持当地制造业,促进地方经济发展。目前,沃尔玛中国销售的产品中本地产品达到95%以上,与近2万家供应商建立了合作关系。沃尔玛一贯视供应商为合作伙伴,与供应商共同发展。2008年9月,在由上海商情-供应商满意度测评办公室中心发布的《2008供应商满意度调查报告》中,沃尔玛再次被评为“综合满意度最高的连锁卖场”。此外,沃尔玛每年直接采购中国商品出口金额约为90亿美元。沃尔玛与中国的消费品制造商紧密合作,分享沃尔玛的信息和资源,支持国内的制造企业提高生产、技术和管理水平;把全球领先的零售技术和经验带到中国,促进国内零售业水平的提高。

沃尔玛的内部优势(S) 1、管理高度规范化,经营理念科学化。沃尔玛所有管理均通过信息技术来完成,无论总部管理人员还是商场营业员都是按照计算机的指令工作,绝不会随意行事。沃尔玛在价格上对国内企业的杀伤力远不及其先进的经营理念和科学化的管理; 2、信息技术高度发达。沃尔玛在信息技术方面的投资不遗余力,专门负责软件设计的工程师就有2000多名,中国与美国总部之间的联系都是通过卫星来传送,计算机技术的应用已经到了无孔不入的地步; 3、营运促销具有特色。沃尔玛的卖场布置非常活性化,在商品促销方面也非常有特色。沃尔玛并非完全靠牺牲供应商和自己的利益来做促销,而是非常讲究技巧,这种技巧在消费心理上下了很大的工夫。另外在商品演示、限时促销、和商场的娱乐性促销活动等方面都非常有特色; 4、培训体系健全化。沃尔玛的每个员工从入职前到入职后的培训都非常完善,培训时间相当长,对于中国员工入职前的培训量最短不少于3个月,培训后员工对于本岗位的知识掌握得很全面; 5、物流体系强大(主要指国外)。目前沃尔玛还没有大规模在国内建立配送中心,仅在盐田港有一配送中心,对广东省所有的店铺进行配送。而广东省外开店,通常要求采购本地化,部分当地不能采购的商品则要求深圳的供货商在当地设立办事处给予配送; 6、美国品牌商品价格优势明显。这一点不表现在价格签上,而体现在其所取得的采购回扣上。比如美国宝洁公司对中国国内各商家的供货价格是一致的,但作为宝洁公司的最大客户,沃尔玛每年均可在美国宝洁公司总部取得可观的采购佣金。这点说明如果一味在一些大品牌商品上和沃尔玛进行价格战的话,损失会比较大; 7、品牌优势显著。沃尔玛头上戴着世界第一的光环,这一品牌优势是绝对不可忽视的,比如说,许多零售行业的年轻人的理想就是希望能够进入沃尔玛工作,沃尔玛的品牌优势所带来的杀伤力和感召力是任何都不能替代的。 8、管理人性化,企业文化重视人力资源管理,将员工视为伙伴,优秀的人才。

沃尔玛的内部劣势(W) 1、虽然沃尔玛拥有领先的IT技术,但是由于它的店铺布满全球,这种跨度会导致某些方面的控制力不够强。规模巨大,带来管理上的挑战,面临的问题也更多。 2、不公正的工资福利待遇,目前在国内很普遍了。(在国外他们的政府工会的原因,所以国外员工待遇会比较好)。还有大家都知道的,压迫供货商。很多供货商都很怕和沃尔玛谈价。还有这么大个集团,内含分歧肯定严重。 3、沃尔玛公司迄今为止,所有本土分店内,高级主管仍然是派驻,只有中层以下是本土员工,这与沃尔玛公司的未来本土化全员发展,相互矛盾。造成未来发展中的高级本土管理人员紧缺,本土员工在个人未来职业生涯规划发展中的界限:本土管理层员工容易流失,不利于公司未来以中国为全球采购中心的发展战略方向,培训方式以职业技能为主,忽视了对员工的职业道德及职业规范的教育培训。缺少企业与员工情感的互动管理。 4、由于大陆国内生产额与相应配套基础设施不等,因此造成严重经济及社会问题。如果政府没有及时采取相对行之有效的措施,生产规模与社会购买力不能形成良性循环的状态下,将可能加大目前国内的通货紧缩。其公司规模巨大,带来管理上的挑战,面临的问题也更多,内部没有创新 5、沃尔玛最牛的东西是用卫星扶持的后台信息处理系统,这套系统将制造商、物流商等完全纳入自己的信息控制之下。尽管将物流业务外包,但仍可实现比如cross-docking(途中配货)、供应商管理库存以及自动补货系统等。一件商品从出厂到摆上货架的平均时段控制在5至7天,而竞争对手往往要用30天。 这是沃尔玛领先于所有对手的核心竞争力,而这一点甚至无法模仿,但是在中国,这颗卫星毫无用处,政策上的限制使之不可能共享全球采购系统、全球物流系统。中国之沃尔玛欲成为美国之沃尔玛,必须要等待中国零售业、进出口贸易权、物流业的同步全面开放。 换言之,零售业的开放程度决定了沃尔玛的经营区域;进出口贸易权的开放程度决定其货品流通范围:是全国小圈子还是全球大圈子,是单向流动还是进出自如。 2至4年后上述问题当然就不成为问题。问题是全球50大零售跨国公司已经齐齐涌入中国,展开圈地运动,留给沃尔玛的时间并不多。 5、控制力不够强 6、由于产品多样化相对于其他产品较集中的竞争者来说比较没有弹性。涵盖了服装、食品等多个部门,竞争存在劣势 7、不够全球化,目前只开拓了少数几个国家的市场

沃尔玛的外部威胁(T) 1、在零售业的领头羊地位使其成为所有竞争对手的赶超目标,如市场庞大、实力雄厚的家乐福。 2、全球化战略使其可能在其业务国家遇到政治上的问题。 3、制造成本的降低,使多种消费品的成本趋向下降。造成制造成本降低的主要原因是生产外包向了世界上的低成本区。这导致了价格竞争,并在一些领域内造成了通货紧缩。恶性价格竞争是一个威胁。 4、政治问题、文化差异会影响到Wal-Mart的运作
沃尔玛的外部机会(O)
1、拓展市场(如中国,印度) 2、与其他国际零售商合作 3、专注于欧洲或者大中华区等特定市场 4、现有大型超市战略的坚持 5、规模经营,低价战略所向披靡 6、可和其它的零售业者形成策略联盟

沃尔玛的整体分析及总结 通过运用SWOT分析法从四个方面对沃尔玛公司的整体分析,我们对沃尔玛公司的各方面有了进一步的认识,发挥优势:以物流方面作为具体说明,沃尔玛从建立第一天起就将自己的目标定位为“顾客第一”,并且对这个目标锲而不舍,为了实现此目标它采用JIT进行管理,所谓JIT就是准时、及时,运用信息技术卫星地位系统在第一时间了解货物的剩余,准时进行提前的向订货商订货,以保证货物的充足,可以做到当顾客有需求时,可以及时提供货物。采取JIT还可以实现零库存,消除库存成本,将节约的这部分成本带来的利润转移给顾客,让顾客可以低价买到有需求的产品,从而稳定顾客,给企业带来利润,才可以成为零售业的老大最基础。沃尔玛自己建立配送系统,省略了经销商的参与,简化了公司进货的环节,以降低成本。面对中国的这种特殊的市场,沃尔玛在了解中国的消费模式后,第一时间做出了在管理团队、采购和经营方式等方面迅速实施本土化。尤其在零售店的经营手段上进行了创新和改变。消除劣势:1)财务管理目标只有与经营或者经营战略融合起来,形成与企业经营一致的业绩驱动能力,才能使企业获得可持续成长的动力,并最终得以实现。沃尔玛将消费者放在第一位的经营战略只是实现财务目标的一个途径,往往也是最成功的途径。与那些直接把股东价值最大化或者相关利益者最大化等作为财务管理目标的企业相比,没有了消费者,一切财务管理目标皆为零。平衡计分卡是用来配合战略评价和驱动企业经营业绩的,但它的思想也告诉我们,财务成果是靠赢得顾客来驱动的,顾客的赢得又是靠出色表现的流程来实现的,流程的灵活高效运作又需要不断的学习和成长以适应环境的变化。在财务、顾客、流程和学习成长方面,沃尔玛都能有效衔接,推动了经营战略的实现,也成就了财务管理目标的实现。 2)现金周转模式可用于日常现金持有量的控制,也可以换个角度进行战略应用,关键在于如何看待现金流,周转率这些财务要素中所体现的经营思想和经营战略。沃尔玛通过最大限度提升存货周转和应收账款周转,并尽可能地延缓应付账款的周转,免费获得了大量的供应商的资金,为企业战略经营提供了财务资源。如何提升存货周转则是经营战略需要考虑的问题,如何延迟支付账款时间也只有在战略联盟和长远合作的前提条件下,供应商才会心甘情愿地接受。现金周转模式为沃尔玛内部流程的战略化投资提供了明确的线索和方向。3)提高长期资产的使用效率往往通过内部挖潜,通过重组,或通过出租来实现。沃尔玛给了我们另一个示范,也可以通过与供应商共同使用长期资产,让供应商分担部分成本费用的方式,提高资产的使用效率。当然,让供应商分担费用的条件是要让供应商有利可图,长期资产运作也必须灵活高效。这仍然是经营管理需要解决的问题,但财务还是为其提供了想象的空间,为改善企业财务成果做出了贡献。4)品牌为企业经营提供了无形的资源,有了品牌可以增加对材料或商品采购要价的筹码,这样从源头上,在成本方面就可以获得一些竞争优势。另一方面的好处是可以比竞争对手延迟付款,又可以获得资金占用上的利益。品牌往往与信誉相联系,与品牌和信誉好的企业做生意,可以减少企业的经营风险和财务风险。应对外部环境的威胁:近些年来,与沃尔玛竞争的同类企业不断增加,家乐福是起最有力的竞争对手之一,家乐福在价格、地理位置、与企业协作等方面不断深入人心,分店也是距离顾客市场近、地段繁华的地方。其次,华联、美廉美、小白羊等也在竞争范围内,沃尔玛要面临的各方挑战、威胁都是迫切需要解决的。为了增加利润,降低成本是每个企业都共用的手段。如此,便会造成价格的恶性竞争,有可能使销量增加,但是利润并不一定增加,反而会造成企业负担,不断赔钱。因此,沃尔玛需要针对不同的目标消费者,采取不同的零售经营形式,分别占领高、低档市场。并且要加强专业化,增强竞争力,减少恶性的价格竞争。把握外部机会:沃尔玛首先给人的冲击是东西很多,又很便宜,特别是日用品。他们的口号就是“天天平价”,以高质量、低价格把别的商店挤掉。靠降低成本取胜,主要特点是大批量采购货物,而且是直接从厂商采购,避开批发商,机会是来自企业外部有利的条件,沃尔玛采取收购、合并或者战略联盟的方式与其他国际零售商合作,向欧洲或者大中华区等特定市场进军。 沃尔玛只是在少数国家有,我们可以拓展市场,在其他国家开设沃尔玛,可给沃尔玛带来更大的机会。沃尔玛还可以通过新的商场地点和和商场形式来获得市场开发的机会,给顾客带来更多便利。 发挥优势因素,克服劣势因素,利用机会因素,化解威胁因素;考虑过去,立足当前,着眼未来。根据以上SWOT分析我们小组认为ST战略比较适合沃尔玛,因为沃尔玛有自己的优势产品多样化种类齐全,物美价廉,只是在品种繁多的情况的有覆盖面广的现象,导致企业在某些方面不能很好的控制,沃尔玛要针对不同的消费目标,采取不同的零售经营形式,分别占领高、低档市场。并且沃尔玛公司长期以来,遵循山姆-沃尔顿的经营法则,将顾客的利益放在首位,将员工的视为事业成功的关键,得到了广大消费者和同业人士的推崇和信赖。

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...Report Turkmenistan-AfghanistanPakistan-India Gas Pipeline: South Asia’s Key Project The biggest pipeline issue in South Asia currently is the proposed Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline or TAPI, as it is known. This report gives a breakdown of the history of the project as well as the pertinent issues. T he Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline (TAP or TAPI) is a proposed natural gas pipeline being developed by the Asian Development Bank. The pipeline will transport Caspian Sea natural gas from Turkmenistan through Afghanistan into Pakistan and then to India. The abbreviation comes from the first letters of those countries. Proponents of the project see it as a modern continuation of the Silk Road. The Afghan government is expected to receive 8% of the project’s revenue. The original project started in March 1995 when an inaugural memorandum of understanding between the governments of Turkmenistan and Pakistan for a pipeline project was signed. In August 1996, the Central Asia Gas Pipeline, Ltd. (CentGas) consortium for construction of a pipeline, led by U.S. oil company Unocal, was formed. On 27 October 1997, CentGas was incorporated in formal signing ceremonies in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan by several international oil companies along with the Government of Turkmenistan. In January 1998, the Taliban, selecting CentGas over Argentinian competitor Bridas Corporation, signed an agreement that allowed the proposed project to proceed. In June 1998, Russian Gazprom relinquished...

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...1. | Which of the following statements about starch is false? | | A. | Starch may be partially branched. | B. | Starch is a polymer of glucose. | C. | Starch is formed by the condensation of monomers. | D. | The properties of starch are very similar to those of cellulose. | E. | Starch may be digested by people. | | Incorrect See Concept 2.3: Carbohydrates Consist of Sugar Molecules | Points Earned: | 0/1 | Correct Answer: | D | Your Response: | E | 2. | Which of the following biological molecules are linked by covalent bonds formed by the removal of the elements of water from the reactants (a kind of condensation reaction)? | | A. | Oils | B. | Fats | C. | Proteins | D. | Starch | E. | All of the above | | Correct See Concept 2.2: Atoms Interact and Form Molecules | Points Earned: | 1/1 | Correct Answer: | E | Your Response: | E | 3. | Table salt, NaCl, is neutral. When dissolved in water, NaCl | | A. | does not separates, but interacts with water molecules. | B. | separates to form Na– and Cl+ molecules. | C. | separates to form Na+ and Cl– ions that interact with water molecules. | D. | separates to form Na+ and Cl– ions that do not interact with water molecules. | E. | remains as NaCl (does not dissociate). | | Correct See Concept 2.2: Atoms Interact and Form Molecules | Points Earned: | 1/1 | Correct Answer: | C | Your Response: | C | 4. | A reaction that has a negative ΔG | | A. | is always paired...

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...* . * deals with intentions and motives * Consequentialist theories don't pay direct attention to whether an act is carried out with good or bad intentions; most people think these are highly relevant to moral judgements. * Duty-based ethics can include intention in at least 2 ways... * If a person didn't intend to do a particular wrong act - it was an accident perhaps - then from a deontological point of view we might think that they hadn't done anything deserving of criticism. This seems to fit with ordinary thinking about ethical issues. * Ethical rules can be framed narrowly so as to include intention. Bad points of duty-based ethics * absolutist * Duty-based ethics sets absolute rules. The only way of dealing with cases that don't seem to fit is to build a list of exceptions to the rule. * allows acts that make the world a less good place * Because duty-based ethics is not interested in the results it can lead to courses of action that produce a reduction in the overall happiness of the world. * Most people would find this didn't fit with their overall idea of ethics: ...it is hard to believe that it could ever be a duty deliberately to produce less good when we could produce more... A C Ewing, The Definition of Good, 1947 * hard to reconcile conflicting duties * Duty-based ethics doesn't deal well with the cases where duties are in conflict. Top Kant taught (rather optimistically) that every rational...

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...Méthodologie de l’action marketing * Synthèse des informations : Sous la forme de tableau (SWOT) mettant en lumière les forces et les faiblesses dégagées par l’analyse interne ainsi que les opportunités et menaces dégagées par l’analyse externe. * Diagnostic La problématique : Elle doit sous forme de question, identifier le problème majeure auquel est confronté l’entreprise Exemple : Comment permettre à Dop de rajeunir son image de marque et de profiter de la forte croissance des après shampoing. * Les objectifs Ils ont pour mission d’exprimer les buts au l’entreprise doit atteindre Objectif qualitatif (renforce l’image de la marque) ou quantitatif (augmentation des ventes/CA) * La stratégie A ne pas confondre avec les moyens. A ne pas confondre avec les moyens : * La cible (consommateurs visés) * Le positionnement (différenciation avec la concurrence), personnalité du produit par rapport à d’autres marques concernant des produits de même nature * Les sources de volume (ou trouver des parts de marchés) * Le mix marketing : Ensemble d’outils à utiliser pour atteindre les objectifs fixés. Le produit, le prix, la distribution, la communication. Analyse et diagnostic On ne peut prendre aucune décision efficace sans une analyse complète : * de l’entreprise * du marché * de la concurrence * de l’environnement L’analyse SWOT : C’est l’outil d’analyse le plus employé, il repose sur quatre variables : * En interne, les...

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...|[pic] | |Year Applying For _________ |Planned Length of Stay | Birth Date |Gender |Office Use Only | |Semester Applied For: | | | | | |( Fall ( Spring |__________________________ |/ / |( Male | | |( Winter ( Summer | |Month Day Year |( Female | | |Family Name First Name | | | |_____ ________ ____ | |Permanent Mailing Address Telephone: (_____) - _______ - __________ Fax: (_____) - ______ - __________ | | ...

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...1 Boys' 16 Singles - 1-32 Round of 32 Round of 16 Round of 64 Robert Krill (1) Elm Grove, WI Quarterfinals Semifinals R. Krill(1) 2 Bye 3 Felipe M. Campos Madison, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS F. Campos 4 Bye 5 Lucas Ebel Pewaukee, WI Sun 6/14 11:00 AM HHS L. Ebel 6 Bye 7 Benjamin J. Sinense Elm Grove, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS B. Sinense 8 Bye 9 John D. Massart (5) Elm Grove, WI Mon 6/15 11:00 AM HHS J. Massart(5) 10 Bye 11 Samuel R. Keller Wauwatosa, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS S. Keller 12 Bye 13 Colt Tegtmeier Madison, WI Sun 6/14 11:00 AM HHS C. Tegtmeier 14 Bye 15 James Paradisin Waunakee, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS J. Paradisin 16 Bye 17 Casey Johnson (3) Mon 6/15 2:00 PM HHS Kohler, WI C. Johnson(3) 18 Bye 19 Anish K. Singhal Brookfield, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS A. Singhal 20 Bye Sun 6/14 11:00 AM HHS 21 Jonathan D. Peck Stevens Point, WI J. Peck 22 Bye 23 Haiwen Dai Middleton, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS H. Dai 24 Bye 25 Cecil J. Lingard (7) Mon 6/15 11:00 AM HHS Madison, WI C. Lingard(7) 26 Bye 27 Robbie May Mequon, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS R. May 28 Bye 29 Ethan G. Mardanus-Budiono Sun 6/14 11:00 AM HHS Sussex, WI E. Mardanus-Budiono 30 Bye 31 Harry Rosmann 32 Robby Baranko Bayside, WI Sat 6/13 3:30 PM HHS Mequon, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS...

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...Curriculum Vitae Personal information Name : Jack Assai Emrazian Date / place of birth : 22 / 11 / 1995 , Kuwait Nationality : Armenian / Syrian Mobile number : 51591005 Gender : Male Academic Records * Attended and graduated from the(Armenian school of Kuwait )in 2013 * Attending ( the arab open university ) & studying business administration as a stage 2. Duties & experiences * 1 years selling experience in galleries * 2 years experience as a receptionist and costumer service department in advertisement designing company (neon center). * Interacting with costumers regularly to gain feedback on a quality and service effectiveness * Maintaining strong and cordial relationships with corporate sales level * Responsible for account, calls , sales budgets * Google knowledge of Microsoft office software including word , excel and outlook * Can communicate information and ideas to others in an understandable manner * Responsible for selling minerals and different type of materials * Ability to find out a client advertising needs and then match a solution to them Sales skills * A confident telephone manner * Can demonstrate effective sales presentations on a face to face level * Can meet a client to build close relationships with them * Knowledge of doing a consultative sell by listening to a costumers requirements and discussing a product benefits * Able to communicate effectively...

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...CHAPTER 2a ENERGY TRANSFER BY HEAT, WORK & MASS CONTENTS Forms of Energy Energy Transfer by Heat Energy Transfer by Work Mechanical Forms of Work The First Law of Thermodynamics Energy Balance for close system Energy Conversion Efficiencies FORMS OF ENERGY • Energy can exist in numerous forms such as thermal, mechanical, kinetic, potential, electric, magnetic, chemical, and nuclear, and their sum constitutes the total energy, E of a system. Thermodynamics deals only with the change of the total energy. Macroscopic forms of energy: Those a system possesses as a whole with respect to some outside reference frame, such as kinetic and potential energies. Microscopic forms of energy: Those related to the molecular structure of a system and the degree of the molecular activity. Internal energy, U: The sum of all the microscopic forms of energy. Kinetic energy, KE: The energy that a system possesses as a result of its motion relative to some reference frame. Potential energy, PE: The energy that a system possesses as a result of its elevation in a gravitational field. The macroscopic energy of an object changes with velocity and elevation. • • • • • • ENERGY EQUESIONS Kinetic energy Kinetic energy per unit mass Potential energy Most of the closed system remains stationary, so for that system; KE = PE = 0 Potential energy per unit mass Total energy of a system Energy of a system per unit mass Total energy per unit mass PROBLEM Determined the mass...

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...Chapter 21 Structured Financing Techniques in Oil and Gas Project Fina.nce Future-Flow Securitizations, Prepaids, Volumetric Production Payments, and Project Finance Collateralized Debt Obligations Christopher L. Culp and J. Paul Forrester* I. INTRODUCTION Project finance is the extension of credit to finance an economic unit where the future cash flows of that unit serve as collateral for the loan. By facilitating the separation of project assets from the sponsor and enabling the financing of those assets on the basis of the cash flows they are expected to generate, project finance can allow a sponsor to undertake a project with more risk than the sponsor is otherwise willing to underwrite independently. Project finance can also help sponsors avoid incurring leverage beyond tolerable levels, thereby helping them preserve their debt capacity, credit ratings, and cash flows for alternative capital investment activities. Large-scale oil and gas projects have been popular subjects for project financing since the inception of the market. Indeed, modem project finance is thought to have begun in the 1930s when a Dallas bank extended a nonrecourse loan to finance an oil and gas project. I Project finance "came of age" in the 1970s and 1980s with the Please address correspondence to christopher.culp@chicagobooth.edu or jforrester@ mayerbrown.com. The usual disclaimer applies, and the opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of any...

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...The international trade activities are grown day by day. This trend is attributable to the increased globalization of the world economies and the availability of trade payment and finance from the international banking community. Although banks also finance domestic trade, their role in financing international trade and payment system is more critical due to the additional complications involved. First, the exporter might question the importer’s ability to make payment. Second, even if the importer is creditworthy, the government might impose exchange controls that prevent payment to the exporter. Third, the importer might not trust the exporter to ship the goods ordered. Fourth, even if the exporter does ship the goods, trade barriers or time lags in international transportation might delay arrival time. Financial managers must recognize methods that they can use to make payment and finance international trade so that they can conduct exporting or importing in a manner that maximizes the value of a business. In any international trade transaction, credit is provided by the exporter, the importer, one or more financing institutions, or any combination of these. The supplier may have sufficient cash flow to finance the entire trade cycle, beginning with the production of the product until payment is eventually made by the buyer. In some cases, the exporter may require bank financing to augment its cash flow. On the other hand, the supplier may not desire to provide financing...

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...Lignelsen om den barmhjertige samaritaner v25    Da   rejste   en   lovkyndig   sig   og   ville   sætte   Jesus   på   prøve   og   spurgte   ham:   »Mester,  hvad  skal  jeg  gøre  for  at  arve  evigt  liv?«  v26    Han  sagde  til  ham:  »Hvad   står   der   i   loven?   Hvad   læser   du   dér?«  v27    Manden   svarede:   »Du   skal   elske   Herren   din   Gud   af   hele   dit   hjerte   og   af   hele   din   sjæl   og   af   hele   din   styrke   og   af   hele  dit  sind,  og  din  næste  som  dig  selv.«  v28    Jesus  sagde:  »Du  har  svaret  rigtigt.   Gør   det,   så   skal   du   leve.«  v29    Men   han   ville   retfærdiggøre   sig   selv   og   spurgte   Jesus:   »Hvem   er   så   min   næste?«  v30    Jesus   svarede   og   sagde:   »En   mand   var   på   vej  fra  Jerusalem  ned  til  Jeriko  og  faldt  i  hænderne  på  røvere.  De  trak  tøjet  af  ham   og  slog  ham,  så  gik  de  og  lod  ham  ligge  halvdød.  v31    Tilfældigvis  kom  en  præst   den   samme   vej;   han   så   manden,   men...

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...BUS 530(NSU) SPRING, 2013, Synopsis:6 MBA Prog. Sec. 1 and 2 (1). Investment is addition to capital stock. Capital is the plant, equipment, buildings, and inventories of raw materials and semi-finished goods that are used to produce other goods and services. - Two flows change stock of capital: investment and depreciation (wear and tear and obsolescence). Depreciation is also called “capital consumption”. - Total amount spent on new capital and on replacing depreciated capital is “gross investment”. Gross investment minus depreciation is “net investment”. (2). Three types of investment: Business fixed(equipment structures), Residential Investment, Inventory Investment(goods that businesses put aside in storage, including materials and supplies, work in progress and finished gods). - The major determinant of investment is real rate of interest (rr). [pic] Fig 1: Downward Sloping Inv. Function Fig 2: A shift in Inv. Function ( in MP of capital) (3). Sources of Investment fund: I is financed by national saving and borrowing from the rest of the world. GDP = C + I + G + (X-M) Also GDP = C + S + T Combining two I + G + (X-M) = S + T Or I = S + (T-G) - (X-M) Saving, govt. saving, borrowing from ROW Or I = Pr. S + Govt. S Govt. saving may be positive or negative depending on budget surplus or deficit. The condition of stability (equality of S and I) ...

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...Chandler's development of the theme danger The extract I've decided to choose for this particular task has a range of different forms of danger. These forms of danger are presented to us, as readers to make us react to certain scenarios differently. In this extract; Marlowe is with Bill Chess, an isolated man, both physically and mentally. Marlowe only meets Bill Chess a few pages prior to this scene in which Marlowe and Bill Chess witness the disturbing appearance of a body emerge from out of the water. From pages 50-53 ( The end of the chapter) there isn't much dialogue between the two characters as Chandler's focusing predominately on the environment they're in, and uses this to create a vivid image inside the reader's head which helps in the development of the sense of danger throughout this scene. Towards the ending of page 50 and the beginning of page 51, Marlowe enters into a deep thought whilst looking at the lake. There's a lexical field of 'peace' and the short paragraph in which Marlowe describes the atmosphere, he makes every detail seem sensitive and fragile: "It lay in the water almost without motion..." and "The air was peaceful and calm". He contrasts this with an environment he's more used to, the city. "a quiet you don't get in cities" this informs us of his lack of experience in these environments, the isolated cabin in the woods. The isolation of the cabin could reflect the current feelings Marlowe's experiencing as he makes himself seem 'new' to the...

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