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●电学部分一:静电场: 静电场:概念、规律特别多,注意理解及各规律的适用条件;电荷守恒定律,库仑定律
1.电荷守恒定律:元电荷[pic]
2.库仑定律:[pic] 条件:真空中、点电荷;静电力常量k=9×109Nm2/C2
三个自由点电荷的平衡问题:“三点共线,两同夹异,两大夹小”
中间电荷量较小且靠近两边中电量较小的;[pic]
常见电场的电场线分布熟记,特别是孤立正、负电荷,等量同种、异种电荷连线上及中垂线上的场强分布,电场线的特点及作用.
3.力的特性(E):只要有电荷存在周围就存在电场 ,电场中某位置场强:
[pic](定义式)[pic](真空点电荷)[pic](匀强电场E、d共线)叠加式E=E1+ E2+……(矢量合成)
4.两点间的电势差:U、UAB:(有无下标的区别)
静电力做功U是(电能[pic]其它形式的能) 电动势E是(其它形式的能[pic]电能)
[pic]=-UBA=-(UB-UA) 与零势点选取无关)
电场力功W=qu=qEd=F电SE (与路径无关)
5.某点电势[pic]描述电场能的特性:[pic](相对零势点而言)
理解电场线概念、特点;常见电场的电场线分布要求熟记,
特别是等量同种、异种电荷连线上及中垂线上的场强特点和规律
6.等势面(线)的特点,处于静电平衡导体是个等势体,其表面是个等势面,导体外表面附近的电场线垂直于导体表面(距导体远近不同的等势面的特点?),导体内部合场强为零,导体内部没有净电荷,净电荷只分布于导体外表面;表面曲率大的地方等势面越密,E越大,称为尖端放电。应用:静电感应,静电屏蔽
7.电场概念题思路:电场力的方向[pic]电场力做功[pic]电势能的变化(这些问题是电学基础)
8.电容器的两种情况分析
①始终与电源相连U不变;
当d↑[pic]C↓[pic]Q=CU↓[pic]E=U/d↓ ; 仅变s时,E不变。
②充电后断电源q不变:
当d↑[pic]c↓[pic]u=q/c↑[pic]E=u/d=[pic]不变;仅变d时,E不变;
9带电粒子在电场中的运动qU=[pic]mv2;侧移y=[pic],偏角tgф=[pic]
|⑴ 加速 [pic] ① [pic] |
|⑵偏转(类平抛)平行E方向: |
|加速度:[pic] ② 再加磁场不偏转时:[pic] |
|水平:L1=vot ③ |
|竖直:[pic] ④ |
|竖直侧移:[pic] |
|v0、U偏来表示;U偏、U加来表示;U偏和B来表示 |
|竖直速度:Vy =at=[pic] |
|tg[pic]=[pic] (θ为速度方向与水平方向夹角) |
|⑶若再进入无场区:做匀速直线运动。 |
| |
|水平:L2=vot2 ⑤ |
|竖直:[pic]=[pic] (简捷) ⑥ |
|[pic] |
|总竖直位移: [pic] |
|③圆周运动 |
|④在周期性变化电场作用下的运动 |
|结论: |
|①不论带电粒子的m、q如何,在同一电场中由静止加速后,再进入同一偏转电场,它们飞出时的侧移和偏转角是相同的(即它们的运动轨迹相同) |
|②出场速度的反向延长线跟入射速度相交于O点,粒子好象从中心点射出一样 (即[pic]) |
|证:[pic] [pic] [pic]([pic]的含义?) |

汤姆生用来测定电子的比荷(电子的电荷量与质量之比)的实验装置如图9-10所示,真空管内的阴极K发出的电子(不计初速、重力和电子间的相互作用)经加速电压加速后,穿过A'中心的小孔沿中心轴O1O的方向进入到两块水平正对放置的平行极板P和P'间的区域.当极板间不加偏转电压时,电子束打在荧光屏的中心O点处,形成了一个亮点;加上偏转电压U后,亮点偏离到O'点,(O'与O点的竖直间距为d,水平间距可忽略不计.此时,在P和P'间的区域,再加上一个方向垂直于纸面向里的匀强磁场.调节磁场的强弱,当磁感应强度的大小为B时,亮点重新回到O点.已知极板水平方向的长度为L1,极板间距为b,极板右端到荧光屏的距离为L2. (1)求打在荧光屏O点的电子速度的大小. (2)推导出电子的比荷的表达式.

恒定电流: I=[pic](定义)= [pic] I=nesv(微观) I=[pic]=[pic]I =[pic];R=[pic](定义)电阻定律:R=[pic](决定)
部分电路欧姆定律:[pic] [pic]U=IR[pic][pic] 闭合电路欧姆定律:I =[pic][pic]
路端电压: U = ( -I r= IR 输出功率: [pic] = Iε-I[pic]r = [pic]
电源热功率: [pic] 电源效率: [pic]=[pic] =
电功: W=QU=UIt=I2Rt=U2t/R 电功率P==W/t =UI=U2/R=I2R 电热:Q=I2Rt
对于纯电阻电路: W=IUt=[pic] P=IU =[pic] 对于非纯电阻电路: W=IUt ([pic] P=IU([pic]
E=I(R+r)=u外+u内=u外+Ir P电源=uIt= +E其它 P电源=IE=I U +I2Rt
单位:J ev=1.9×10-19J 度=kwh=3.6×106J 1u=931.5Mev
电路中串并联的特点和规律应相当熟悉
1、联电路和并联电路的特点(见下表):
| |串联电路 |并联电路 |
|两个基本特点 |电压 |U=U1+U2+U3+…… |U=U1=U2=U3=…… |
| |电流 |I=I1=I2=I3=…… |I=I1+I2+I3+…… |
|三个重要性质 |电阻 |R=R1+R2+R3+…… |[pic] |
| |电压 |U/R=U1/R1=U2/R2=U3/R3=……=I |IR=I1R1=I2R2=I3R3=……=U |
| |功率 |P/R=P1/R1=P2/R2=P3/R3=……=I2 |PR=P1R1=P2R2=P3R3=……=U2 |

2、记住结论: ①并联电路的总电阻小于任何一条支路的电阻; ②当电路中的任何一个电阻的阻值增大时,电路的总电阻增大,反之则减小。
3、电路简化原则和方法
①原则:a、无电流的支路除去;b、电势相等的各点合并;c、理想导线可任意长短;d、理想电流表电阻为零,理想电压表电阻为无穷大;e、电压稳定时电容器可认为断路 ②方法: a、电流分支法:先将各节点用字母标上,判定各支路元件的电流方向(若无电流可假设在总电路两端加上电压后判定),按电流流向,自左向右将各元件,结点,分支逐一画出,加工整理即可; b、等势点排列法:标出节点字母,判断出各结点电势的高低(电路无电压时可先假设在总电路两端加上电压),将各节点按电势高低自左向右排列,再将各节点间的支路画出,然后加工整理即可。注意以上两种方法应结合使用。
4、滑动变阻器的几种连接方式
a、限流连接:如图,变阻器与负载元件串联,电路中总电压为U,此时负载Rx的电压调节范围红为[pic],其中Rp起分压作用,一般称为限流电阻,滑线变阻器的连接称为限流连接。 b 、分压连接:如图,变阻器一部分与负载并联,当滑片滑动时,两部分电阻丝的长度发生变化,对应电阻也发生变化,根据串联电阻的分压原理,其中UAP=[pic] ,当滑片P自A端向B端滑动时,负载上的电压范围为0~U,显然比限流时调节范围大,R起分压作用,滑动变阻器称为分压器,此连接方式为分压连接。
一般说来,当滑动变阻器的阻值范围比用电器的电阻小得多时,做分压器使用好;反之做限流器使用好。
5、含电容器的电路:分析此问题的关键是找出稳定后,电容器两端的电压。
6、电路故障分析:电路不正常工作,就是发生故障,要求掌握断路、短路造成的故障分析。

电路动态变化分析(高考的热点)各灯、表的变化情况
1程序法:局部变化[pic]R总[pic]I总[pic]先讨论电路中不变部分(如:r)[pic]最后讨论变化部分
局部变化[pic][pic]再讨论其它
2直观法:
①任一个R增必引起通过该电阻的电流减小,其两端电压UR增加.(本身电流、电压)
②任一个R增必引起与之并联支路电流I并增加; 与之串联支路电压U串减小(称串反并同法)
[pic]
当R=r时,电源输出功率最大为Pmax=E2/4r而效率只有50%,
路端电压跟负载的关系
(1)路端电压:外电路的电势降落,也就是外电路两端的电压,通常叫做路端电压。 (2)路端电压跟负载的关系 当外电阻增大时,电流减小,路端电压增大;当外电阻减小时,电流增大,路端电压减小。 定性分析:R↑→I(=)↓→Ir↓→U(=E-Ir)↑ R↓→I(=)↑→Ir↑→U(=E-Ir)↓ 特例: 外电路断路:R↑→I↓→Ir↓→U=E。 外电路短路:R↓→I(=)↑→Ir(=E)↑→U=0。 图象描述:路端电压U与电流I的关系图象是一条向下倾斜的直线。U—I图象如图所示。 直线与纵轴的交点表示电源的电动势E,直线的斜率的绝对值表示电源的内阻。 路端电压随电流的变化图线中注意坐标原点是否都从零开始

闭合电路中的功率 (1)闭合电路中的能量转化qE=qU外+qU内 在某段时间内,电能提供的电能等于内、外电路消耗的电能的总和。 电源的电动势又可理解为在电源内部移送1C电量时,电源提供的电能。 (2)闭合电路中的功率:EI=U外I+U内I [pic]EI=I2R+I2r 说明电源提供的电能只有一部分消耗在外电路上,转化为其他形式的能,另一部分消耗在内阻上,转化为内能。 (3)电源提供的电功率:又称之为电源的总功率。P=EI= R↑→P↓,R→∞时,P=0。 R↓→P↑,R→0时,Pm=。 (4)外电路消耗的电功率:又称之为电源的输出功率。P=U外I 定性分析:I= U外=E-Ir= 从这两个式子可知,R很大或R很小时,电源的输出功率均不是最大。 定量分析:P外=U外I==)(当R=r时,电源的输出功率为最大,P外max=) 图象表述:

从P-R图象中可知,当电源的输出功率小于最大输出功率时,对应有两个外电阻R1、R2时电源的输出功率相等。可以证明,R1、R2和r必须满足:r=。 (5)内电路消耗的电功率:是指电源内电阻发热的功率。 P内=U内I= R↑→P内↓,R↓→P内↑。 (6)电源的效率:电源的输出功率与总功率的比值。η== 当外电阻R越大时,电源的效率越高。当电源的输出功率最大时,η=50%。

电学实验专题
测电动势和内阻
(1)直接法:外电路断开时,用电压表测得的电压U为电动势E ;U=E
(2)通用方法:AV法测要考虑表本身的电阻,有内外接法;
①单一组数据计算,误差较大
②应该测出多组(u,I)值,最后算出平均值
③作图法处理数据,(u,I)值列表,在u--I图中描点,最后由u--I图线求出较精确的E和r。
(3)特殊方法 (一)即计算法:画出各种电路图
[pic] [pic] [pic](一个电流表和两个定值电阻)
[pic] [pic] [pic] (一个电流表及一个电压表和一个滑动变阻器)
[pic] [pic] [pic](一个电压表和两个定值电阻)
(二)测电源电动势ε和内阻r有甲、乙两种接法,如图
甲法中:所测得ε和r都比真实值小,ε/r测=ε测/r真;
乙法中:ε测=ε真,且r测= r+rA。
(三)电源电动势ε也可用两阻值不同的电压表A、B测定,单独使用A表时,读数是UA,单独使用B表时,读数是UB,用A、B两表测量时,读数是U,则ε=UAUB/(UA-U)。
电阻的测量
AV法测:要考虑表本身的电阻,有内外接法;多组(u,I)值,列表由u--I图线求。怎样用作图法处理数据
欧姆表测:测量原理
两表笔短接后,调节Ro使电表指针满偏,得 Ig=E/(r+Rg+Ro) 接入被测电阻Rx后通过电表的电流为 Ix=E/(r+Rg+Ro+Rx)=E/(R中+Rx) 由于Ix与Rx对应,因此可指示被测电阻大小
使用方法:机械调零、选择量程(大到小)、欧姆调零、测量读数时注意挡位(即倍率)、拨off挡。
注意:测量电阻时,要与原电路断开,选择量程使指针在中央附近,每次换挡要重新短接欧姆调零。
电桥法测:[pic][pic]
半偏法测表电阻: 断s2,调R1使表满偏; 闭s2,调R2使表半偏.则R表=R2;

一、测量电路( 内、外接法 ) 记忆决调 “内”字里面有一个“大”字
|类型 |电路图 |R测与R真比较 |条件 |计算比较法 |
| | | | |己知Rv、RA及Rx大致值时 |
|内 | |R测=[pic]=RX+RA > RX |[pic] |Rx >[pic] |
| | | |适于测大电阻 | |
|外 | |R测=[pic]Rx/2 |
| | | |从0开始变化 |通电前调到最小 |

以“供电电路”来控制“测量电路”:采用以小控大的原则
电路由测量电路和供电电路两部分组成,其组合以减小误差,调整处理数据两方便
|R滑唯一:比较R滑与Rx [pic]控制电路 |R滑不唯一:实难要求[pic]确定控制电路[pic]R滑 |
|Rx

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...* . * deals with intentions and motives * Consequentialist theories don't pay direct attention to whether an act is carried out with good or bad intentions; most people think these are highly relevant to moral judgements. * Duty-based ethics can include intention in at least 2 ways... * If a person didn't intend to do a particular wrong act - it was an accident perhaps - then from a deontological point of view we might think that they hadn't done anything deserving of criticism. This seems to fit with ordinary thinking about ethical issues. * Ethical rules can be framed narrowly so as to include intention. Bad points of duty-based ethics * absolutist * Duty-based ethics sets absolute rules. The only way of dealing with cases that don't seem to fit is to build a list of exceptions to the rule. * allows acts that make the world a less good place * Because duty-based ethics is not interested in the results it can lead to courses of action that produce a reduction in the overall happiness of the world. * Most people would find this didn't fit with their overall idea of ethics: ...it is hard to believe that it could ever be a duty deliberately to produce less good when we could produce more... A C Ewing, The Definition of Good, 1947 * hard to reconcile conflicting duties * Duty-based ethics doesn't deal well with the cases where duties are in conflict. Top Kant taught (rather optimistically) that every rational...

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...Méthodologie de l’action marketing * Synthèse des informations : Sous la forme de tableau (SWOT) mettant en lumière les forces et les faiblesses dégagées par l’analyse interne ainsi que les opportunités et menaces dégagées par l’analyse externe. * Diagnostic La problématique : Elle doit sous forme de question, identifier le problème majeure auquel est confronté l’entreprise Exemple : Comment permettre à Dop de rajeunir son image de marque et de profiter de la forte croissance des après shampoing. * Les objectifs Ils ont pour mission d’exprimer les buts au l’entreprise doit atteindre Objectif qualitatif (renforce l’image de la marque) ou quantitatif (augmentation des ventes/CA) * La stratégie A ne pas confondre avec les moyens. A ne pas confondre avec les moyens : * La cible (consommateurs visés) * Le positionnement (différenciation avec la concurrence), personnalité du produit par rapport à d’autres marques concernant des produits de même nature * Les sources de volume (ou trouver des parts de marchés) * Le mix marketing : Ensemble d’outils à utiliser pour atteindre les objectifs fixés. Le produit, le prix, la distribution, la communication. Analyse et diagnostic On ne peut prendre aucune décision efficace sans une analyse complète : * de l’entreprise * du marché * de la concurrence * de l’environnement L’analyse SWOT : C’est l’outil d’analyse le plus employé, il repose sur quatre variables : * En interne, les...

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...|[pic] | |Year Applying For _________ |Planned Length of Stay | Birth Date |Gender |Office Use Only | |Semester Applied For: | | | | | |( Fall ( Spring |__________________________ |/ / |( Male | | |( Winter ( Summer | |Month Day Year |( Female | | |Family Name First Name | | | |_____ ________ ____ | |Permanent Mailing Address Telephone: (_____) - _______ - __________ Fax: (_____) - ______ - __________ | | ...

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...1 Boys' 16 Singles - 1-32 Round of 32 Round of 16 Round of 64 Robert Krill (1) Elm Grove, WI Quarterfinals Semifinals R. Krill(1) 2 Bye 3 Felipe M. Campos Madison, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS F. Campos 4 Bye 5 Lucas Ebel Pewaukee, WI Sun 6/14 11:00 AM HHS L. Ebel 6 Bye 7 Benjamin J. Sinense Elm Grove, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS B. Sinense 8 Bye 9 John D. Massart (5) Elm Grove, WI Mon 6/15 11:00 AM HHS J. Massart(5) 10 Bye 11 Samuel R. Keller Wauwatosa, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS S. Keller 12 Bye 13 Colt Tegtmeier Madison, WI Sun 6/14 11:00 AM HHS C. Tegtmeier 14 Bye 15 James Paradisin Waunakee, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS J. Paradisin 16 Bye 17 Casey Johnson (3) Mon 6/15 2:00 PM HHS Kohler, WI C. Johnson(3) 18 Bye 19 Anish K. Singhal Brookfield, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS A. Singhal 20 Bye Sun 6/14 11:00 AM HHS 21 Jonathan D. Peck Stevens Point, WI J. Peck 22 Bye 23 Haiwen Dai Middleton, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS H. Dai 24 Bye 25 Cecil J. Lingard (7) Mon 6/15 11:00 AM HHS Madison, WI C. Lingard(7) 26 Bye 27 Robbie May Mequon, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS R. May 28 Bye 29 Ethan G. Mardanus-Budiono Sun 6/14 11:00 AM HHS Sussex, WI E. Mardanus-Budiono 30 Bye 31 Harry Rosmann 32 Robby Baranko Bayside, WI Sat 6/13 3:30 PM HHS Mequon, WI Sun 6/14 8:00 AM HHS...

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...Curriculum Vitae Personal information Name : Jack Assai Emrazian Date / place of birth : 22 / 11 / 1995 , Kuwait Nationality : Armenian / Syrian Mobile number : 51591005 Gender : Male Academic Records * Attended and graduated from the(Armenian school of Kuwait )in 2013 * Attending ( the arab open university ) & studying business administration as a stage 2. Duties & experiences * 1 years selling experience in galleries * 2 years experience as a receptionist and costumer service department in advertisement designing company (neon center). * Interacting with costumers regularly to gain feedback on a quality and service effectiveness * Maintaining strong and cordial relationships with corporate sales level * Responsible for account, calls , sales budgets * Google knowledge of Microsoft office software including word , excel and outlook * Can communicate information and ideas to others in an understandable manner * Responsible for selling minerals and different type of materials * Ability to find out a client advertising needs and then match a solution to them Sales skills * A confident telephone manner * Can demonstrate effective sales presentations on a face to face level * Can meet a client to build close relationships with them * Knowledge of doing a consultative sell by listening to a costumers requirements and discussing a product benefits * Able to communicate effectively...

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...CHAPTER 2a ENERGY TRANSFER BY HEAT, WORK & MASS CONTENTS Forms of Energy Energy Transfer by Heat Energy Transfer by Work Mechanical Forms of Work The First Law of Thermodynamics Energy Balance for close system Energy Conversion Efficiencies FORMS OF ENERGY • Energy can exist in numerous forms such as thermal, mechanical, kinetic, potential, electric, magnetic, chemical, and nuclear, and their sum constitutes the total energy, E of a system. Thermodynamics deals only with the change of the total energy. Macroscopic forms of energy: Those a system possesses as a whole with respect to some outside reference frame, such as kinetic and potential energies. Microscopic forms of energy: Those related to the molecular structure of a system and the degree of the molecular activity. Internal energy, U: The sum of all the microscopic forms of energy. Kinetic energy, KE: The energy that a system possesses as a result of its motion relative to some reference frame. Potential energy, PE: The energy that a system possesses as a result of its elevation in a gravitational field. The macroscopic energy of an object changes with velocity and elevation. • • • • • • ENERGY EQUESIONS Kinetic energy Kinetic energy per unit mass Potential energy Most of the closed system remains stationary, so for that system; KE = PE = 0 Potential energy per unit mass Total energy of a system Energy of a system per unit mass Total energy per unit mass PROBLEM Determined the mass...

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...Chapter 21 Structured Financing Techniques in Oil and Gas Project Fina.nce Future-Flow Securitizations, Prepaids, Volumetric Production Payments, and Project Finance Collateralized Debt Obligations Christopher L. Culp and J. Paul Forrester* I. INTRODUCTION Project finance is the extension of credit to finance an economic unit where the future cash flows of that unit serve as collateral for the loan. By facilitating the separation of project assets from the sponsor and enabling the financing of those assets on the basis of the cash flows they are expected to generate, project finance can allow a sponsor to undertake a project with more risk than the sponsor is otherwise willing to underwrite independently. Project finance can also help sponsors avoid incurring leverage beyond tolerable levels, thereby helping them preserve their debt capacity, credit ratings, and cash flows for alternative capital investment activities. Large-scale oil and gas projects have been popular subjects for project financing since the inception of the market. Indeed, modem project finance is thought to have begun in the 1930s when a Dallas bank extended a nonrecourse loan to finance an oil and gas project. I Project finance "came of age" in the 1970s and 1980s with the Please address correspondence to christopher.culp@chicagobooth.edu or jforrester@ mayerbrown.com. The usual disclaimer applies, and the opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of any...

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...The international trade activities are grown day by day. This trend is attributable to the increased globalization of the world economies and the availability of trade payment and finance from the international banking community. Although banks also finance domestic trade, their role in financing international trade and payment system is more critical due to the additional complications involved. First, the exporter might question the importer’s ability to make payment. Second, even if the importer is creditworthy, the government might impose exchange controls that prevent payment to the exporter. Third, the importer might not trust the exporter to ship the goods ordered. Fourth, even if the exporter does ship the goods, trade barriers or time lags in international transportation might delay arrival time. Financial managers must recognize methods that they can use to make payment and finance international trade so that they can conduct exporting or importing in a manner that maximizes the value of a business. In any international trade transaction, credit is provided by the exporter, the importer, one or more financing institutions, or any combination of these. The supplier may have sufficient cash flow to finance the entire trade cycle, beginning with the production of the product until payment is eventually made by the buyer. In some cases, the exporter may require bank financing to augment its cash flow. On the other hand, the supplier may not desire to provide financing...

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...Lignelsen om den barmhjertige samaritaner v25    Da   rejste   en   lovkyndig   sig   og   ville   sætte   Jesus   på   prøve   og   spurgte   ham:   »Mester,  hvad  skal  jeg  gøre  for  at  arve  evigt  liv?«  v26    Han  sagde  til  ham:  »Hvad   står   der   i   loven?   Hvad   læser   du   dér?«  v27    Manden   svarede:   »Du   skal   elske   Herren   din   Gud   af   hele   dit   hjerte   og   af   hele   din   sjæl   og   af   hele   din   styrke   og   af   hele  dit  sind,  og  din  næste  som  dig  selv.«  v28    Jesus  sagde:  »Du  har  svaret  rigtigt.   Gør   det,   så   skal   du   leve.«  v29    Men   han   ville   retfærdiggøre   sig   selv   og   spurgte   Jesus:   »Hvem   er   så   min   næste?«  v30    Jesus   svarede   og   sagde:   »En   mand   var   på   vej  fra  Jerusalem  ned  til  Jeriko  og  faldt  i  hænderne  på  røvere.  De  trak  tøjet  af  ham   og  slog  ham,  så  gik  de  og  lod  ham  ligge  halvdød.  v31    Tilfældigvis  kom  en  præst   den   samme   vej;   han   så   manden,   men...

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...BUS 530(NSU) SPRING, 2013, Synopsis:6 MBA Prog. Sec. 1 and 2 (1). Investment is addition to capital stock. Capital is the plant, equipment, buildings, and inventories of raw materials and semi-finished goods that are used to produce other goods and services. - Two flows change stock of capital: investment and depreciation (wear and tear and obsolescence). Depreciation is also called “capital consumption”. - Total amount spent on new capital and on replacing depreciated capital is “gross investment”. Gross investment minus depreciation is “net investment”. (2). Three types of investment: Business fixed(equipment structures), Residential Investment, Inventory Investment(goods that businesses put aside in storage, including materials and supplies, work in progress and finished gods). - The major determinant of investment is real rate of interest (rr). [pic] Fig 1: Downward Sloping Inv. Function Fig 2: A shift in Inv. Function ( in MP of capital) (3). Sources of Investment fund: I is financed by national saving and borrowing from the rest of the world. GDP = C + I + G + (X-M) Also GDP = C + S + T Combining two I + G + (X-M) = S + T Or I = S + (T-G) - (X-M) Saving, govt. saving, borrowing from ROW Or I = Pr. S + Govt. S Govt. saving may be positive or negative depending on budget surplus or deficit. The condition of stability (equality of S and I) ...

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...Chandler's development of the theme danger The extract I've decided to choose for this particular task has a range of different forms of danger. These forms of danger are presented to us, as readers to make us react to certain scenarios differently. In this extract; Marlowe is with Bill Chess, an isolated man, both physically and mentally. Marlowe only meets Bill Chess a few pages prior to this scene in which Marlowe and Bill Chess witness the disturbing appearance of a body emerge from out of the water. From pages 50-53 ( The end of the chapter) there isn't much dialogue between the two characters as Chandler's focusing predominately on the environment they're in, and uses this to create a vivid image inside the reader's head which helps in the development of the sense of danger throughout this scene. Towards the ending of page 50 and the beginning of page 51, Marlowe enters into a deep thought whilst looking at the lake. There's a lexical field of 'peace' and the short paragraph in which Marlowe describes the atmosphere, he makes every detail seem sensitive and fragile: "It lay in the water almost without motion..." and "The air was peaceful and calm". He contrasts this with an environment he's more used to, the city. "a quiet you don't get in cities" this informs us of his lack of experience in these environments, the isolated cabin in the woods. The isolation of the cabin could reflect the current feelings Marlowe's experiencing as he makes himself seem 'new' to the...

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