...The Death Penalty; when people hear this term many thoughts and emotions are immediately brought to mind. The death penalty is considered by many to be the harshest form of punishment for crimes against society, but is it too harsh? Many would argue that it is cruel and unusual punishment and that it punishes not just the one convicted but also all of those involved. In this paper we will look at not only the one receiving the punishment but also those involved, including the family of the victim, the jurors, the executioner(s), and the family members of the one being convicted and argue that the sociological impact that the death penalty creates is too devastating for its continued use in the United States. “The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. (deathpenaltyinfo.org)” This is where the term “eye for an eye” originated as well as the belief that the crimes punishment must equal the severity of the crime. United States law was heavily influenced by Great Britain due to Britain maintaining primary control of the original 13 colonies. Currently, in the United States, the Death Penalty is mainly used as a form of punishment for first degree murder however some states still use it for acts of treason. Opposition of the Death Penalty began obtaining a foot hold during the Abolitionist movement when Cesare Beccaria's 1767 essay, On...
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...Death Penalty Argument 1) In this letter, the author expresses their support of the use of the death penalty, making the claim that it is morally justified and serves as a deterrent. 2) In support of his argument, the author provides several pieces of evidence and arguments to support his claim. To support his claim, he initially argues that the death penalty serves as a deterrent and is morally justifiable. He continues his argument on morality by stating his belief that when one has raped and murdered a child, the person deserves to die and no longer has the right to life. In this letter, the author justifies the moral use of the death penalty with a quote from President Obama, insinuating that there are such crimes so heinous that the community is justified in expressing the full measure of outrage and meting out the ultimate punishment. Following that, the...
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...The Death Penalty The death penalty is a just and proper punishment Today, one of the most debated issues in the criminal justice system is the issue of capital punishment or the death penalty. Capital punishment was legal until 1972, when the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in Furman v. Georgia stating that it violated the Eight and Fourteen Amendments citing cruel and unusual punishment. However, in 1976, the Supreme Court reversed itself with Gregg v. Georgia and reinstated the death penalty, but not all states have the death penalty. There are currently 35 states with the death penalty and 15 states that do not have it. When the word death penalty is used, it stirs up a lot of debates from both the people that agree versus the ones that do not. One side may say it acts as deterrence from others to not commit crimes, while the other side may say, but it may take the life of an innocent man. Federal, state, and local officials need to recognize that the death penalty saves lives. How capital punishment affects murder rates can be explained through general deterrence theory, which supposes that increasing the risk of apprehension and punishment for crime deters individuals from committing crime. Nobel laureate Gary S. Becker's seminal 1968 study of the economics of crime assumed that individuals respond to the costs and benefits of committing crime. According to deterrence theory, criminals are no different from law-abiding people. Criminals "rationally...
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...Abolish the Death Penalty India James PHL/458 July 1, 2013 Why Team C chose a poster Our team chose to use a poster to convey ideas in regard to the death penalty. The glogster poster format provides “an interactive visual platform in which users create a “poster or web page” containing multimedia elements, including text, audio, video, images, graphics, drawings, and data” (Glogster EDU, 2013). The ideas presented are easy to read and understand with only the most important points presented. The intended audience will be the American voters, so the poster needs to be easy to understand. Possible Reasons the Audience May Reject Our Idea There are many reasons that the audience may reject our ideas. The death penalty is quite controversial, and it seems as many people supporting the death penalty, twice as many oppose it. Reasons the audience may reject abolishing the death penalty are emotion, lack of facts, and peer pressure. Most often people favor the death penalty over life in prison as an emotional reaction. People are adamant about what they have experienced, seen or heard on television or newspapers and make choices based on their emotional decision. The issue that our team sought to resolve was the incidents of innocent lives lost when those wrongfully convicted were sentenced to death. As a team we believe that the only way to solve this issue is to abolish the death penalty. Anticipated Audience Objections The death penalty gives closure...
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...For the capital punishment The death penalty is an issue that has the United States quite divided. While there are many supporters of it, there is also a large amount of opposition. Currently, there are thirty-three states in which the death penalty is legal and seventeen states that have abolished it (Death Penalty Information Center). I believe the death penalty should be legal throughout the nation. There are many reasons as to why I believe the death penalty should be legalized in all states, including deterrence, retribution, and morality; and because opposing arguments do not hold up, I will refute the ideas that the death penalty is unconstitutional, irrevocable mistakes are made, and that there is a huge gap of race and income level. Putting people to death, judged to have committed certain crimes, is a practice that’s been around for a long time. In the later half of the twentieth century, it has become a controversial issue. Statistics prove consisted application of the death penalty deter crime. No executed murdered has ever killed again. For many years, Criminologists have thought to believe the death penalty has no affect as deterrence to homicides. From 1972-1976, a suspension was place on capital punishment. The United States had 9,140 murders in 1960 where 56 people were executed. Nine years later in 1969 where the United States had zero executions, there were 14,590 murders. After only 2 executions since 1976, murders raised to 23,040. If murderers are sentenced...
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...Death Penalty 1 1 1. Death Penalty Your document’s heading is not formatted correctly. In the upper left corner of the first page, the words "Running head:" should preface a shortened version of your title. The upper right corner of the page should have the numerical page number. The shortened version of your title should be in all capital letters. On subsequent pages, the shortened version of your title should appear on the lefthand side, with a page number on the right-hand side. For additional information, visit the Ashford Writing Center located in Constellation. Click on Ch 7 -Sample Paper with Formatting Instructions. [Jayno Aki-Siler (TA)] The Death Penalty: Is it a Flawed System? PHI103 Informal Logic – Week 5 Final Paper Instructor: Galen Johnson December 16, 2012 -1- 2 Death Penalty The Death Penalty: Is it a Flawed System? People have many arguments against the death penalty, and most citizens do not believe that it is a discouragement for the crimes that it punishes. American societies that use capital punishment do not find that they have lower crime rates than those that don’t 1 use capital punishment. Most people would still not accept capital punishment even if it did reduce the crime rate. This indicates that capital punishment is focused on the financially deprived, and targets those who can’t afford to pay for a good lawyer. Research shows that people with little or no money get the highest penalties in society. A lot of people have no...
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...The Use of Human Dignity in Death Penalty Cases: An International perspective An examination of cases from several jurisdictions that address the legality of the death penalty reveals various uses of the notion of human dignity. In 1972, in Furman v. Georgia, the United States Supreme Court declared all existing death penalty statutes at the time unconstitutional as a violation of the Eighth Amendment prohibiting "cruel and unusual punishment". There was no majority opinion, and each of the five majority members wrote a separate opinion. While three of them based their decision on the arbitrary and discriminatory application of the death penalty in the U.S., Justices Brennan and Marshall based their opinions on the per-se unconstitutionality of capital punishment. Justice Brennan argued that although human dignity is not explicitly guaranteed by the United States Constitution, it is the fundamental concept underlying the Eighth Amendment. In his opinion: "The State, even as it punishes, must treat its members with respect for their intrinsic worth as human beings. A punishment is "cruel and unusual, therefore, "if it does not comport with human dignity". He declared that the severity of capital punishment is degrading to the dignity of a man, and since even the vilest criminals share an inherent dignity, the punishment is unconstitutional. Though in Brennan words human dignity functions as a justification for the Eight Amendment, they seem to illustrate the psychological approach...
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...Death Penalty and Politics Research Paper Danica Misic The Death Penalty and Politics Introduction The death penalty seems like a dreadful phrase at first glance, especially for those who are facing it. People convicted and sentenced to the death penalty usually have a long wait ahead of them. Some of these people facing the death penalty are looking forward to their execution, and some are dreading it. What exactly is the death penalty? To some it may be freedom once carried out, and to others it is retribution, a political tool, a means for producing money, or a deterrent for future crimes. It is important that the United States come to some conclusion so we can end the death penalty debate; we want the truth, not assumptions that can be argued to no end. This paper will discuss the ins and outs of the death penalty, why it has created much debate, why it is not a deterrent of murder, and that it is mostly used as a political tool. There have been many studies done to both effects; the death penalty deters crime, or it does not deter crime because the previous studies were flawed. First presented is a brief history to better understand where the death penalty comes from. The next section will discuss the modern approaches to the death penalty including landmark cases that changed the way the death penalty is executed in the United States. Following this section is an explanation of deterrence and its effects, and other controversies that exist. Finally...
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...to Prof: Hannosour M. Cali Title Chapter IV Fruition of Punishment and Penalty Corporal Punishment is derived from a Latin word meaning body. It meant physical punishment and in the past it was very common. In the past corporal punishment was by no means limited to children. It was used on adults as well. Flogging has been a common punishment since ancient times. Jesus was flogged before crucified. In England from the Middle Ages Whipping was a common punishment for minor crimes. In the 18th century whipping or flogging was a common punishment in the British Army and Navy. This punishment Meant beating a person across the backside with birch twigs. Once a common punishment in schools it could also be imposed by the courts for minor offences. Birching civilians was banned in Britain in 1948 (except in prisons where it was used until 1962). Meanwhile for thousands of years until the late 20th century teachers beat children. In the Ancient World the teachers were strict and often beat the pupils. In the Middle Ages Discipline was also severe. Boys were beaten with rods or birch twigs. Punishments in Tudor schools were still harsh. The teachers often had a stick with birch twigs attached to it. Boys were hit with birch twigs on their bare buttocks. Public humiliation is the dishonoring showcase of a person, usually an offender or a prisoner, especially in a public place. It was regularly used as a form of punishment in former times, and is still practiced by different means...
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...Emancipation crisis. To reform, one must make changes to something in order to improve it, and in this sense Peel has to be mostly credited. In law and order is where Peel seemed to make his most significant improvements, this can also be said for amendments to the existing, illogical, criminal laws in Britain, many of which he saw as unnecessary and so changed them. It was in the midst of the Catholic Emancipation crisis, however, where Peel was forced to defy his principles and lost a number of allies in the process, all to a largely politically detrimental effect. PARAGRAPH 1: Criminal Law: Robert Peel intended to reform the legal system and a number of the existing laws in the hope of simplifying it and reducing lives lost to the death penalty. To say the very least, Peel’s reforms in this field were extensive and wide-ranging, although it seems as though Peel can be criticised on the grounds that in many instances he did not reach the goals he intended to. Peel was...
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...1. What is the main argument from this section of the Molesworth committee’s report used to describe the convicts as slaves e.g. is it religious. political, economic? Having been branded as a slave society and convictism as a slave labor system the Molesworth report pointed out that the economical affluence of New South Wales (NSW) and Van Diemen’s Land swift rise in wealth was due to the compulsory free labor of the convicts. Scarcely surviving the first year it was the increase of the convict transportation that help the economy with the delivery of cheap skilled labor, craftsmen, clerks and tradesmen. Providing free the abilities and expertise to help build the new settlement. The first governor of NSW Arthur Phillips penned the plans for management of the colony. Insisting that the laws within England would be initiated in the new country. No slavery and no slaves within the new land. Unfortunately the similarity of convictism to slavery was considerable. 2. Why does the committee argue that transportation to New South Wales must end? The Molesworth’s committee argued that due to economics it was no longer financially feasible to continue to transport convicts to NSW. Arguing that it had become too expensive to continue with the transportation to NSW. With the government paying for the excess produce and granting a variety of indulgences the settlers who engaged a convict, it was costing the British government over and above 7,000,000l. Analysing the situation...
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...Criminal justice is composed of many lateral departments that help us as a society to better understand the process that is started when criminal activity is suspected. We will examine how individuals learn how to commit crime and what motivates them to do so. This paper will discuss the steps that are taken once a crime is determine and how the Criminal Justice System is put into place to help solve and come to some type of resolution for the crime. This paper will further discuss the types of deterrence that are placed into society minds to help curve criminal behavior and activity. After reading this paper the reader should have a better understanding on how the Criminal Justice System works and why it is needed help promote a safe environment for our society. In order to understand what crime is we must first look at the definition of what criminal activity is. The term crime comes from a classification of wrongdoing that were established by state or Congress as a felony or misdemeanor, which is committed against a public law. Crime is defined as all deviance involving violating norms, but some norms attract the attention of the authorities. Acts that have been declared illegal by some authority are called crime (Curry, Jiobu, &ump; Schwirian, 1999). Crime develops from the wanting of certain things that attract or bring attention to certain individuals. A subject that is involved in breaking the law or a moral can be considered a criminal suspect according to the...
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...The Spanish Inquisition In 1469, the marriage of Ferdinand V of Aragon to his cousin Isabella of Castile united the two most powerful provinces of Spain (Hauben, 23). During this time, Spain was becoming one of the wealthiest nations in the world. Much of Spain’s wealth was contributed by the Jewish population, which was very successful during this time period because of Christian church laws against usury, which is an illegal practice of charging unfair rates on loans. Prejudice against the Jews and strong feelings of anti-Semitism had also grown during this time, especially after a riot on Ash Wednesday (March 15,1391), started by a Spanish archdeacon named Martinez. Martinez called out to all Spanish citizens to “purge themselves of the filthy Jews”. Martinez incited his congregation to riot. The crowd moved enmasse towards the Juderia (Jewish quarter). Some of the participants were captured by the police and flogged or beaten, but that was not enough to stop the mob. Although they did not succeed that day to destroy the Jews, the feelings that Martinez had evoked lay simmering until June 6th when the mob sacked the Juderia of Seville. It is believed that the victims numbered in the hundreds, if not thousands (C. Roth, 1964). The estimated number of victims for the riot is said to be a little over one thousand. After this ordeal, a number of Jews, called conversos, professed themselves as Christians to escape persecution. Many Christians were questioning the validity of...
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...During this course on the history of Catholic Moral Theology, we have had to deal with the topic of what can and cannot change within the Catholic Church. This happened to be the title of the primary book that we used for this course. This book, by John T. Noonan, is entitled A Church That Can and Cannot Change: The Development of Catholic Moral Teaching. A theme which Noonan immediately focuses on throughout the book is one which touches many of us deeply, slavery. As a person who has studied both law and religion and who is now embarking on a study of moral theology & ethics, I was highly interested in reading what John T. Noonan a distinguished scholar -author and member of the U.S. Court of Appeals- had to say in such an arena. Having heard him lecture, I was interested to see how his viewpoint translated into this type of arena. I was not disappointed. Throughout our course we not only discussed how this work dealt with such a topic, but we also discussed our own viewpoints on this very topic. Within the following paper I will discuss the issue of slavery, in the form of a synthetic paper, and how not only how it has evolved, but also the various positions the church has had concerning such an issue. As a backdrop, I will also use what Noonan outlined in his book as well. Therefore, this paper will be in the form of a review of Noonan thoughts (which will utilize various points from my prior presentation on this topic)/synthetic paper on the issue of slavery...
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...3 Учреждение образования «Брестский государственный университет имени А. С. Пушкина» Кафедра английского языка с методикой преподавания М. В. Гуль EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. COURTS AND TRIALS СИСТЕМЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ПРАВОСУДИЯ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ И США Практикум по английскому языку Для студентов 4-го курса гуманитарных и педагогических специальностей (специальность 1-21 06 01-01, современные иностранные языки специальность 1-02 03 06, иностранные языки (английский, немецкий)) БрГУ имени А. С. Пушкина Брест 2009 4 УДК 372.016 : 811.111(076) ББК 74.268.1(Англ)р Г94 Рецензенты: Кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков технических специальностей БГТУ Д. В. Новик Зав. кафедрой кафедрой иностранных языков второй специальности БрГУ имени А. С. Пушкина, доцент В. М. Иванова Практикум направлен на совершенствование навыков и развитие умений диалогической и монологической речи по темам: система образования, система правосудия Великобритании и США, а также на совершенствование письменной компетенции студентов. Каждый раздел содержит тематический словарь, ряд упражнений на закрепление лексики, достаточное количество текстов по теме, упражнения на повторение. Практикум предназначен для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов 4-го курса, изучающих английский язык как основную специальность. 5 Educational System (the USA and the UK) Topical Vocabulary Nursery school, kindergarten, elementary school, high school (junior, senior), secondary school...
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