Premium Essay

Debt Glossary

In:

Submitted By rahman901
Words 323
Pages 2
Appendix: Debt Glossary

External debt: total liabilities of a country with foreign creditors, both official
(public) and private. Creditors often determine all the terms of the debt contracts, which are normally subject to the jurisdiction of the foreign creditors or to international law (for multilateral credits).

Total government debt (total public debt): total debt liabilities of a government with both domestic and foreign creditors. The “government” normally comprises the central administration, provincial governments, federal governments, and all other entities that borrow with an explicit government guarantee.

Government domestic debt: all debt liabilities of a government that are issued under—and subject to—national jurisdiction, regardless of the nationality of the creditor or the currency denomination of the debt (therefore it includes government foreign-currency domestic debt, as defined below). Terms of the debt contracts can be market-determined or set unilaterally by the government.

Government foreign-currency domestic debt: debt liabilities of a government issued under national jurisdiction that are nonetheless expressed in (or linked to) a currency different from the national currency of the country.

Central bank debt: not usually included under government debt (despite the fact that it usually carries an implicit government guarantee). Central banks usually issue such debt to facilitate open market operations (including sterilized intervention).
Such debts may be denominated in either local or foreign currency.

Domestic debt: liabilities of the public and private sector under domestic law. These comprise government domestic debt (see above) and private debts, which for most countries in our sample are dominated by debts of households and firms contracted through domestic banking institutions. In our analysis we do

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Heydeeeee

...Part A My Video Title | | SourceUnderline as appropriate | http://www.englishcentral.com/video/10084/introductions-meet-the-boss | Part 1(~ 50 words) | This is a video about Obama speech, every word of his speech was so powerful and in this half and a minutes long speech, he brightly pointed out what the follow speech is all about and also made the good atmosphere that everyone draw attention to that speech. | Part 2 & 3(~ 100 words) | Some one said that Obama’s speech is like a symphony. His speeches are so powerful because it has a shape, it has forms. During his speech he used the technique like Fast/slow, loud/quite, all of which may be separated by a short pause or silence. He has different movements and forms, also it has a harmonious whole. His powerful symphony and well crafted and delivered speech, in his ways, move the listener. Audience pay all their attention to Obama. I learnt a lot as I was lack of symphony preformence. | Do either Part B OR Part C to complete your reflection record for this module. Submit only one part. Part B My Activity Language ActivityUnderline as appropriate | CILL activity Others pls specify | Title | Movie watching – The Ring | Part 1(~ 50 words) | It is a horror film that produce from America , adapt from a famous horror film from Japan-----Ringu. Its about a girl who become a ghost and the story behind it. All that history is discover by the Main character. | Part 2 & 3 (~ 100 words) | At first,...

Words: 580 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Ballet Terminology

...Ballet Terms: Adagio: at ease, leisure Allegro: brisk, lively Allonge: outstretched, extended Arabesque: position of the body in profile, supported on 1 leg, which can be straight or in plie, and other leg extended behind and at right angles to it. The arms are held in various harmonious positions creating the longest possible line from fingertips to toes. Shoulders are held square to the line of direction. Cecchetti Assemble: to assemble or join together Attitude: pose derived by Carlo Blasis from the statue of Mercury by Giovanni da Bologna. Position on 1 leg w/the other lifted in back, the knee bent at an angle of 90 degrees and well turned out so that the knee is higher than the foot. Avant: forward, a direction for the execution of a step. Balance: rocking step. Shift of weight from 1 foot to the other. Can be done crossing the foot either in front or back. Ballonne: Barre Battement: Beating. Action of the extended or bent leg. 2 types: grand and petit. Petits: tendus, degages, frappes, and tendu releves. Cabriole: A step of elevation in which the extended legs are beaten in the air. The working leg is thrust into the air and the underneath leg follows and beats against the first leg sending it higher. The landing is made on the underneath leg. Chaînés: [“chains, links”]. A series of rapid turns on half or full point with the legs in a tight first position, rotating a half turn on one foot and the other half on the...

Words: 2647 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Ballet Philippines

...I. Ballet Philippines II. Executive Summary The case is about the ballet performer status in the Philippines and also the turnover and salary of the performers and how to deal with the turnovers in lack of promotions. III. Background of the Case Founded in 1969 by Alice Reyes with the support of Eddie Elejar and the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Ballet Philippines (BP) is widely recognized today as a cornerstone of the Filipino cultural identity. Its audience represents a cross-section of Manila’s populace and includes visitors from around the country and around the world. Each year outreach and educational programs introduce new generations of audience members not only to dance, but to music and visual art as well. BP’s official school, the CCP Dance School, continues to produce dancers of international caliber. As the dance company in residence at the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Ballet Philippines is globally recognized as the country’s flagship company in ballet and contemporary dance. With a treasure trove of over 400 works, Ballet Philippines’ wide ranging, eclectic repertory is unparalleled in Asia. From full-length classical ballets and internationally recognized masterworks to indigenous works of Filipino folklore and social issues, the company weaves a colorful tapestry of the Philippine’s rich and diverse cultural heritage – uniquely and distinctly Filipino. The Company’s achievements, coupled with the generous and prestigious...

Words: 948 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Analysis of Dance Styles

...Analysis of Dance Styles ARTS/100 Professor Analysis of Dance Styles For centuries peoples have been dancing as an art form that allows them to physically express themselves without using words. These are times when simple dignity of movement can fulfill the function of a volume of words (Humphrey, 1937). A great deal can be understood when a person watches a person dances. The message that is related is strong and clear. When you understand the types of dance the message is clear. I will attempt to examine the different forms of dance. We will look at the forms of dance like Ballet, Modern World/Ritual, Folk, and jazz. Never the less it helps construct a better understanding of the different forms. Ballet During the 15th century in Italy ballet was known as court dancing. The word “Ballet” comes from the Italian form of Ballare which means dance. The first dance was in France in 1581. The French created the first ballet called “La Ballet Domique de La Reine” This caught on fast which prompted Louise Xiv to start the Royal Academy of Dance in 1661. Ballet caught on quick and spread from country to country when the story line and rhythm is expressed it uses eight basic positions to do this. Swiveling on their toes and balancing is critical to perform these dances. Over the ages these have been two great Ballets that are performed across the country and they are in high demand. They are the “Nutcracker and Swan Lake”. Modern Dance The 20th century...

Words: 1614 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Meals4U Project Proposal

...Group 4 – Meals4U Manu Bhatia, Swapni Gupta, Aemish Patel, Chirag Patel, Neha Bhansali, Cheng CJ Meals4U aims to create a service that would allow you to place online orders for food, even to places that typically do not allow online orders. The way it works is simple, you pick the restaurant, load up the menu, and place your order through our service. Our freelance and hired drivers pick up the job, drive over, get your meal, and bring it over to your location. The customer is responsible for the cost of the food, a surcharge for the delivery as well as a tip for the driver. In addition to the ability to just buy individual meals, customers have the option to sign up for a subscription plan. This would allow him or her to set a budget each for each week or month, and select the days that they would like food delivered. For example, a person working a job days Monday - Friday could sign up for a plan that would allow him a hot meals delivered to his work place every single day, and he would be responsible for payment of 5 meals at the end of the day. While delivery services have existed for a while, the two unique features are the subscription service as well as the method of hiring drivers. Similar to the way Uber is set up, where average people looking for extra cash on hand sign up to be cab drivers, Meals4U would allow normal people looking for a income boost to sign up for delivery drivers. They would receive specific instructions on their phone, and simply would...

Words: 312 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Financial Terms

...bought and sold for the first time (Titman, Keown, Martin, 2011, Pg.26). This market is used for firms to issue new securities to raise money that they can then use to finance their business. Secondary Market A secondary market is where previously used securities are subsequently traded. In this market, the issuing firm does not receive any new finances on the securities already sold; it is just transferred from one investor to another (Titman, Keown, Martin, 2011, pg. 26). Risk Risk in finance simply means that the probability that an actual return on an investment will be lower than the expected return ("Risk", 2013). Security Securities are negotiable instruments that represent a financial claim. It takes the form of ownership or debt agreement. They allow business and individual investors to trade in public market (Titman, Keown, Martin,...

Words: 727 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Code

...Cleveland State University | Name: | Jadira Yacila | Course: | ACT 451: Auditing | Term: | Spring 2012 | Assignment: | Code 3 | Date: | 4/4/2012 | 1. Access the glossary (Master Glossary) to answer the following. a. What is the definition of “ordinary income” (loss) (740-270-20) Ordinary income (or loss) refers to income (or loss) from continuing operations before income taxes (or benefits) excluding significant unusual or infrequently occurring items. Extraordinary items, discontinued operations, and cumulative effects of changes in accounting principles are also excluded from this term. The term is not used in the income tax context of ordinary income versus capital gain. The meaning of unusual or infrequently occurring items is consistent with their use in the definition of the term extraordinary item. Ordinary income is income (or loss) exclusively from operations. Taxes expenses are not deducted. It does not include capital gains, or any other gain that could be infrequent or unusual. b. What is an error in previously issued financial statements? (250-10-20) An error in recognition, measurement, presentation, or disclosure in financial statements resulting from mathematical mistakes, mistakes in the application of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), or oversight or misuse of facts that existed at the time the financial statements were prepared. A change from an accounting principle that is not generally accepted to one that is...

Words: 1120 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Fin370-2-Wk5-International Finance Paper

...follows: Assets - $100 Debt $10 Equity $90 Question 3a. What is the firm’s weighted cost of capital at various combinations of debt and equity, given the following information? Debts/Assets After Tax Debt Cost Cost of Equity Cost of Capital (weight)(cost of debt) weight (cost of equity) = k (cost of capital) 0% 8% 12% 10 8 12% 20 8 12% 30 8 13% 40 9 14% 50 10 15% 60 12 16% Answer – Debts/Assets After Tax Debt Cost Cost of Equity Cost of Capital (weight)(cost of debt) weight (cost of equity) = k (cost of capital) 0% (.0)(.08) (1.0)(.12) 12.0 % 10% (.1)(.08) (.9)(.12) 11.6 % 20% (.2)(.08) (.8)(.12) 11.2% 30% (.3)(.08) (.7)(.13) 11.5% 40% (.4)(.09) (.6)(.14) 12.0% 50% (.5)(.10) (.5)(.15) 12.5% 60% (.6)(.12) (.4)(.16) 13.6% Question 3b. Construct a pro forma balance sheet that indicates the firm’s optimal capital structure. Compare this balance sheet with the firm’s current balance sheet. What course of action should the firm take? CURRENT BALANCE SHEET PROFORMA BALANCE SHEET Assets - $100 Assets - $100 Debt $10 Debt $20 Equity $90 Equity $80 The optimal capital structure is “the unique capital structure that minimizes the firm’s composite cost of long-term capital” (Keown, et.al. 2005). The debt is 20% of the capital and the cost of capital is 11.2%, as shown, highlighted, on the Performa balance sheet (#3a) above. In this case, since only 10% debt financing is being used, the...

Words: 681 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Appleboss

...HW #3: For Tuesday, Feb 8th … If you encounter financial terms with which you are not familiar, the Glossary provided on the Yahoo! Finance website at http://biz.yahoo.com/f/g/ may be of help. 1. Read Sections 5.6 through 5.10 in Chapter 5 – Evaluating a Single Project and Sections 13.1 through 13.4 in Chapter 13 – The Capital Budgeting Process from the course textbook. Note, as mentioned in class, the error in the definition of “EBIT” on page 552 in Chapter 13 which should read “Earnings Before Interest and Taxes.” Also, in Example 13-3 at the bottom of page 556, leverage, λ, is erroneously called the “debt-equity ratio” whereas it should be called the “debt fraction” or the “debt-to-capital” ratio. 2. Answer Questions 5-12, 5-14, 5-16, 5-17, 5-46, 5-47 and 5-54 found at the end of Chapter 5. Write up your answers, showing all work, neatly and concisely on 8.5 x 11 inch paper. Be sure your name appears at the top of each page and staple multiple pages together. Submit your answers at the beginning of class. Late submittals will not be accepted. All work is to be your own, consistent with the University Honor Council’s Guide to Academic Integrity. 3. Read “Assessing a Company’s Future Financial Health” (HBS 9-911-412) handed out in class and then complete the financial analysis of SciTronics by filling in the blanks on pages 6 through 10. Then complete The Case of the Unidentified Industries on pages 10 and 11. Explain your choices in The Case of the Unidentified Industries in...

Words: 340 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Debenture

...Debenture 1 Debenture A debenture is a document that either creates a debt or acknowledges it, and it is a debt without collateral. In corporate finance, the term is used for a medium- to long-term debt instrument used by large companies to borrow money. In some countries the term is used interchangeably with bond, loan stock or note. A debenture is thus like a certificate of loan or a loan bond evidencing the fact that the company is liable to pay a specified amount with interest and although the money raised by the debentures becomes a part of the company's capital structure, it does not become share capital.[1] Senior debentures get paid before subordinate debentures, and there are varying rates of risk and payoff for these categories. Debentures are generally freely transferable by the debenture holder. Debenture holders have no rights to vote in the company's general meetings of shareholders, but they may have separate meetings or votes e.g. on changes to the rights attached to the debentures. The interest paid to them is a charge against profit in the company's financial statements. Attributes • A movable property. • Issued by the company in the form of a certificate of indebtedness. • It generally specifies the date of redemption, repayment of principal and interest on specified dates. • May or may not create a charge on the assets of the company.[2] • Corporations often issue bonds of around $1000, while government bonds are more likely to be $5000. ...

Words: 1021 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Financial Terms and Roles

...sub-categories: public, corporate, and personal finance. Major studies include financial systems and instruments that can relate to countless assets and liabilities. • Efficient market: A market whose prices quickly respond to the announcement of new information. • Primary market: A part of the financial market where new security issues are initially brought and sold. • Secondary market: The financial market where previously issued securities such as stocks and bonds are bought and sold. • Risk: The possibility that shareholders will lose money when they invest in a company that has debt, if the company’s cash flow proves inadequate to meet its financial obligations. Companies that use debt financing ensure that creditors are repaid before shareholders if the company becomes insolvent. • Security: A negotiable instrument that represents a financial claim that has value. Securities are broadly classified as debt securities (bonds) and equity securities (shares of common stock). • Stock: An instrument that signifies an ownership position in a company. Certain companies that are publically traded on the stock market use stock levels to measure return on the shareholders investments. • Bond: A long-term (10 years or more) promissory note issued by a borrower, promising to pay the owner of the security a predetermined amount of interest each year. • Capital: Financial resources available for use by businesses such as cash, factories, and equipment owned by a business. Managing...

Words: 513 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Financial Glossary

...Prepare a glossary for the terms below: Financial market - A financial market is a market in which people trade financial securities, commodities, and other fungible items of value at low transaction costs and at prices that reflect supply and demand. Securities include stocks and bonds, and commodities include precious metals or agricultural goods. Financial instruments - Financial instruments are tradable assets of any kind. They can be cash, evidence of an ownership interest in an entity, or a contractual right to receive or deliver cash or another financial instrument. Financial intermediaries - A financial intermediary is a financial institution such as bank, building society, insurance company, investment bank or pension fund. A financial intermediary offers a service to help an individual/ firm to save or borrow money. Shares/ stocks – Shares/stocks is a share in the ownership of a company. It represents a claim on the company's assets and earnings. As you acquire more shares, your ownership stake in the company becomes greater. Bonds - A bond is a debt investment in which an investor loans money to an entity which borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a variable or fixed interest rate. Bonds are used by companies, municipalities, states and sovereign governments to raise money and finance a variety of projects and activities. Owners of bonds are debt holders, or creditors, of the issuer. Treasury bills - A short-dated government security, yielding no...

Words: 708 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Dsdeczxzx

...Debt Financing July 1994 Debt Financing Warning This workbook is the product of, and copyrighted by, Citibank N.A. It is solely for the internal use of Citibank, N.A., and may not be used for any other purpose. It is unlawful to reproduce the contents of these materials, in whole or in part, by any method, printed, electronic, or otherwise; or to disseminate or sell the same without the prior written consent of the Professional Development Center of Latin America Global Finance and the Citibank Asia Pacific Banking Institute. Please sign your name in the space below. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: Course Overview............................................................................. v Course Objectives.......................................................................... vii The Workbook ............................................................................... vii Unit 1: Fundamentals of Debt Financing Introduction ................................................................................... 1-1 Unit Objectives .............................................................................. 1-1 Key Terms..................................................................................... 1-1 What Is Debt Financing?............................................................... 1-2 Sources of Debt Capital ................................................................ 1-3 Debt Markets .................................

Words: 38868 - Pages: 156

Premium Essay

Financial Markets

...Statement on Monetary Policy – February 2012 Box D: Covered Bond Issuance by Australian Banks Covered bonds are on-balance sheet asset-backed securities issued by financial institutions. Investors in covered bonds have a preferential claim on a pool of assets (called the cover pool) in the event that the issuing institution fails to make the scheduled payments on the covered bond. If the cover pool is insufficient to meet the issuer's obligations to investors, they have an unsecured claim on the issuer for any residual amount.[1] Covered bonds typically have a higher credit rating than that of the issuer because the cover pools are usually comprised of high-quality assets such as prime mortgages, covered bond holders rank above unsecured creditors, and extra collateral is held in the cover pool. There is a well-developed global market for covered bonds, particularly in Europe. In Australia, however, authorised deposit-taking institutions (ADIs) have only recently been permitted to issue these bonds, following the passing of legislation – the Banking Amendment (Covered Bonds) Act 2011 – in October 2011. Under the new legislation, there is a cap on covered bond issuance by ADIs to limit the subordination of depositors to covered bond investors. An ADI must limit the value of its cover pools to a maximum of 8 per cent of its assets in Australia. Given that Australian ADIs have set their cover pools at close to 120 per cent of the value of covered bonds – with some variation of...

Words: 5181 - Pages: 21

Premium Essay

Euro Crisis

...Eurozone crisis explained * Impact on you * Spain in numbers * Spain Q&A * Greece Q&A * Causes Continue reading the main story What went wrong in Greece? BACK1 of 10NEXT Continue reading the main story ------------------------------------------------- Eurozone crisis * Q&A: Spain's woes * Keeping the euro together * Who's afraid of the euro crisis? * How eurozone crisis affects you After months of refusing to countenance the possibility of Greece leaving the euro, eurozone politicians slowly began to acknowledge there may be no option but to let the country go. The result of the general election on 17 June will please those who hope Greece will remain in the euro bloc. But the outcome is far from clear. The election result means the victorious party, the centre-right New Democracy, will be able to form a coalition intent on pushing through the austerity measures insisted upon by the European Union and the International Monetary Fund. But no one knows at this early stage just how long a coalition will last and whether, ultimately, Greece's problems will become so overwhelming that it will be forced to leave the euro. Syriza, which came second in the election, continues to oppose the austerity programme and is promising to freeze payments to creditors and renegotiate the terms of the bailout from the EU and IMF. Germany has led demands that the loan terms are not negotiable. Why is Greece in trouble? Greece was living...

Words: 1290 - Pages: 6