...DIFFERENT CAUSES OF POPULATION DECLINE IN RUSSIA Russia is experiencing unprecedented decline in its population, a decline never witnessed in modern human history. This drastic decline is not a result of war or a single epidemic, but rather an amalgamation of demographic factors which cannot be reversed in the near future: extremely high death rates, birth rates well below replacement levels, lower life expectancies. These demographic challenges have been worsened by the rising rate of HIV/AIDS infection that Russia is experiencing. In the Foreign Affairs Magazine January 2009 edition, the U.S Secretary of Defence Robert M. Gates talks of “...adverse demographic trends in Russia...” as he talked about military threats in his defence strategy. Population decline could affect the status of Russia as a great power in the long run, particularly its economy, internal social stability and military. Professor Graeme Herd (2003), in his book “Russian Regions and Regionalism” notes the decline in Russia`s population has adverse effect on the following sectors: health reform, pensions, internal migration and the expected ethnic, religious and societal security challenges. Geographically, the Russian federation covers roughly 6.6 million square miles with a population of 142 million in 2010 and a population density of 21.5 per square mile (as of 2010). Russia has 160 different nationalities within its borders. As the ethnic Russians decline in population, the others increase like Muslims...
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...Gilberto Ovalle GEA2000 9/13/15 Population Implosion in Russia and Europe A few years back, the world’s population past 7 billion people and is constantly predicted to increase. With technological and medical advances, people are living longer and reproducing more. Yet, in parts of the world such as Russia and Europe there seems to be an implosion in population as people take social precautions to ensure a more stable lifestyle. Since the fall of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s Russia’s population has shrank from 149 million to 143 million due to dangerous lifestyle choices, despite the in-migration of millions of people from the former USSR. As communism disintegrated, Russian families began to have fewer children and the rate of abortions kept rising (1). In 2004 there were 13 abortions to every 10 births (2). Additionally, the rate (15 per 1000) is higher than the stabilizing birth rate (13 per 1000), with over 150,000 yearly deaths. Parallel to the increasing death rate life expectancy in Russia has steadily been headed downhill, from 71 in 1991 to 63 in 2012 in males. The main reason behind the plummeting life expectancy is due to a large consumption of alcohol, averaging to 3-4 bottles of vodka a week (3), smoking, AIDS, Murders, and accidents. Also, Russia’s capital, Moscow, is one of the two more economically developed cities in the whole country making it more expensive to live in; this makes living there more attractive than poorer cities or towns...
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...Misadventure in Russia In 1960, Marcel Fournier and Louis Defforey founded Carrefour. They opened their first store in 1963 and was a big hit due to its lower prices compared to its competition. The store had various items such as self-service grocery, clothing, sports equipment, electronics, and even auto accessories. The size of the store (2,500 square meters) earned it the name “hypermarket”. Carrefour set out to become one of the top three players in every international market they operated in. Carrefour is branched all over the world in Europe, Middle East, Asia, and Latin America. As I analyze this case before wondering about Carrefour’s demise in Russia, I understand why they were attracted to Russia. With such a large population, it would appear that Russia would offer a great consumer economy. Russia has low unemployment, a high level of consumption, great availability for top resources, and a strong current account with minimal public debt. This makes Russia very attractive on paper, but you must also be aware of the cons before making such a leap. There’s a lot of competition, slowing economic growth, high inflation, complicated legislative, and a declining industrial output. To sum it up, Russia was a massive headache for Carrefour. A lot of time and effort went into the smallest of tasks in Russia due to the existing level of bureaucracy that took place in Russia. Russia rejected Carrefour’s bid to purchase ‘Seventh Continent’, which was a major retailer in Russia. This...
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...Question 2: Population growth can be defined as “the change in population over a given period of time”. Discuss how and why the population in your country has changed over the last 100 years, and what effects these changes have made on your culture. Population of the nation is very important for its culture. If there are more people who are sharing a culture, then the culture is stronger. But if population starts declining, culture starts dying together with people. It is very difficult to find the valid numbers of population for Ukraine between 17 and 20 century because Ukraine during those times was always divided between many different countries like Poland, Ottoman, Russian and Austrian empires. But today Ukraine is the biggest country by territory in Europe with population over 46 million people. In 1941 Second World War began which killed around 5 million Ukrainians. More than 2 million were departed to Germany for forced labor. Huge amount of cities and villages were destroyed by Germans. More than 10 million people were left without a home. After war Soviet government was doing everything to destroy Ukrainian cultural identity. Ukrainian literature, art and language were band. After boom an economical crisis occurred and was associated with lack of basic commodities as well as great inflation. During this times population growth decreased and cultural development slowed down. In 1991 Ukraine finally became independent and population growth stopped...
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...neighbors. | | b. | was reversed by the successful rebellion of General Kosciuszko. | | c. | showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a state in the period. | | d. | was reversed as the result of the Council of Berlin. | | e. | resulted from the Polish king's repeated insults and attacks on his neighbors. | 1 points Question 4 In England, a legislative district controlled by one man or one family was known as a | a. | gerrymander. | | b. | tenured seat. | | c. | sinecure. | | d. | pocket borough. | | e. | good job. | 1 points Question 5 Of the great European powers in the eighteenth century, the only one not to possess a standing army and to rely on mercenaries was | a. | Russia. | | b. | Prussia. | | c. | Great Britain. | | d. | Austria. | | e. | France. | 1 points Question 6 A key financial innovation of the eighteenth century was | a. | the increased use of specie in preference to less reliable paper money. | | b. | international currency markets and arbitrage speculation. | | c. | the circulation of paper banknotes compensating for a lack of coinage. | | d. | deficit spending by enlightened...
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...European powers divided into two diplomatic blocks. Germany and Austria formed an alliance with Italy joining them in 1882 to form a “Triple Alliance” (Mulligan 2). Not wanting to become isolated France and Russia joined and formed an alliance in 1894. With common interests in Africa and Asia, Britain joined with France in 1904 and Russia in 1907. Tensions began to mount between France and Russia with regards to the Balkans, and St Petersburg and Berlin signing an agreement over their interests in Persia and the Ottoman Empire. The alliances of the nations during this time allowed for over 40 years of peace. For these European countries this was an unheard of feat. These countries had been at war for 1000’s of years with ever wanting to secure their nations security within the states. “States cooperated on issues of specific interest, irrespective of the membership of blocks.” “On the eve of war, Britain, France and Germany agreed on their spheres of influence in the declining Ottoman empire.” (Mulligan 2) These countries were instrumental in trying to resolve the increasing tensions between Austria and Russia. There are a vast array of theories that have been drawn together as to why the United States broke its neutrality and entered into the Great War. The greater population of the United States did not want to be a part of the war in Europe. They felt that they war was none of their concern. But the United States did have ships that were carrying goods to and from America. Another...
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...technology in Russia developed rapidly since the Age of Enlightenment, a cultural movement of beginning in the late 17th century emphasizing reasoning rather than tradition, establishing a strong culture of learning and innovation. In the 19th and 20th centuries the country produced a large number of notable scientists, making important contributions to the technology. Technological parks There are five massive technological parks in Russia. The Russian government has announced the building of the Skolkovo Innovation Center near Moscow, the capital city. This is going to be the biggest “silicon valley” in the world. It aims to attract technological companies to set up factories there and focus not only on the development of technology start-ups but also on marketing them. Skolkovo Innovation Center includes five clusters specializing in different areas of technology. The Skolkovo Innovation Center will certainly be an ideal place to invest in High Tech industries. (Refer to appendix 4J) Infrastructure According to the International Logistics Performance Index (LPI) in 2012, Russia is ranked 95th among 155 countries, scoring 2.58 upon 5. This indicator measures the quality of trade and transport related infrastructure such as ports, roads, railway etc. Being moderately developed in its infrastructure compared to many developing countries, it can attract a significant number of foreign investors. The upcoming 2014 Russia Winter Olympics and the 2018 FIFA Russia world cup have...
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...kilometres of gas trunk lines. Major new pipeline projects include Nord Stream and South Stream. In this report, we are going to analyze the International environmental of Gazprom by using SWOT analysis. We will detail the relationship between Gazprom and other neighboring countries; such as Ukraine. We will figure out what’s the benefit for Gazprom based on the International environmental and what will be harmful the Gazprom if there are some disputes. The main reason we chose Gazprom as our research target is, as we mentioned before, that Gazprom is a company which is currently controlled by Russian government. Most of decisions that Gazprom took are showing the attitude of Russian government. As we know, Russia is the biggest country in the World, not only the biggest land, Russia also has one of the most powerful military force in the World. We can easily find the attitude towards the World or other neighboring countries from Russian government by analyzing the decisions taken by the company. We'll begin with a SWOT analysis of the company, and also talk about the stakeholders, and the feasible future...
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...Login | Register | News updated at 10:55 PM IST | | Friday 18 November 2011 | | | ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form | | Bottom of Form | Weather Max: 0°C Min : 0°C | | In Bangalore Sunny day | | | | | | * Home * News * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * Business * Supplements * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...1. Politically, the period from 1715 to 1789 witnessed a. the rise of the masses in politics as advocated by the philosophes. b. the waning of monarchical power. c. the continuing process of centralization in the development of nation-states. d. "enlightened absolutism" establish its deepest roots in France. e. a decline in bureaucratic structures and more laissezfaire types of government. 2. During the eighteenth century, the idea of Divine Right a. remained a strong basis for government. b. was gradually replaced by more republican ideas concerning government. c. was replaced by the idea of "enlightened absolutism" justified by utilitarian arguments. d. was best exemplified by the reign of Joseph II of Austria. e. disappeared with the death of Louis XIV in 1715. 3. France in the eighteenth century a. thrived under the strong leadership of Louis XV and Louis XVI. b. suffered from severe economic depression throughout the century. c. was torn apart by a series of civil wars. d. lost an empire while acquiring a huge public debt. e. brought back the Estates General during the reign of Louis XV. 4. Louis XV's most famous mistress was a. Marie Antoinette. b. Madame de Pompadour. c. Mary Wollstonecraft. d. Madame Guillotine. e. Comtesse de Boigne. 5. In the 1700s, members of the British Parliament were a. appointed by the King. b. usually overseas and not actually in Parliament voting. c. chosen in different ways in different districts. d. elected...
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...among countries with a population exceeding 10 million, it is the most densely populated. It forms part of the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal, along with the neighboring Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura. Bangladesh has the highest population density in the world, excluding a handful of city-states and small countries with populations under 10m, such as Malta and Hong Kong. The 2011 total population was 152,518,015 which rank Bangladesh 8th in the world. Here is the following main demographic information for Bangladesh: Count | The absolute number of a population or any demographic event | 166,280,712 (July 2014 est.) | Ratio | The relation of one population subgroup to another subgroup | Gender ratio:At birth: 1.04 male/femaleUnder 15 years: 1.01 male/female15–64 years: 0.9 male/female65 years and over: 0.94 male/femaleTotal population: 0.93 male/female (2009 est.) | Median Age | Age at which exactly half the population is older and half is younger. | Total: 24.3 years Male: 23.8 years Female: 24.8 years (2014 est.) | Germany is a country situated in western-central Europe and is one of the most developed countries in the world with a largely temperate seasonal climate. After the United States, it is the second most popular migration destination in the world. With a population of 80.2 million according to the 2011 census, Germany is the most populous country in the European Union, the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and ranks as the 16th...
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...SPECIAL REPORT ON EMERGING MARKETS www.dreamgains.com White Paper Special Report On Emerging Markets ABSTRACT This paper examines the four emerging economies- Brazil, India, Russia and China (BRIC) - that are expected to play an increasingly important role in the global economy in the coming decades. These four countries have come to symbolize the exciting challenges and opportunities presented by dynamic emerging markets. The first part of the report outlines key features of these economies and their growing contribution to world output and trade. The second part analyses the contribution of India towards the same. By 2050, the BRIC economies will account for 44% of global GDP. The emerging market accounts for an increasing share of global activity. Two centuries of vigorous industrialization has propelled economies of North America, Western Europe and Japan into a dominant position in terms of their share of world output. But the past three decades have seen steady erosion from the peak they attained during the 1970. The emerging economies now account for over half of world output. These dynamic economies are changing the world economic order as they industrialize, improve their infrastructure and rapidly develop their service sectors. By 2050, they will account for almost 78% of global output. This projection uses realistic assumptions of annual growth rates of 5.3% to 2050, well below those posted in recent decades by the economies of developing Asia at over...
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...Health Status and Health Care Services in Russia with comparison to the U.S. Table of Contents Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………………. Background……………………………………………………………………………………….. 1970’s – present……………………………………………………………………………………. Population and Healthcare Coverage…………………………………………………………… Population………………………………………………………………………………………….. Causes of death…………………………………………………………………………………….. Healthcare Status…………………………………………………………………………………... Health Services Available………………………………………………………………………… Insurance…………………………………………………………………………………………… Services…………………………………………………………………………………………….. Organization of Healthcare………………………………………………………………………… Quality of Healthcare…………………………………………………………………………….. Standards…………………………………………………………………………………………… Healthcare Received……………………………………………………………………………….. Comparison of Russia and U.S…………………………………………………………………….. Expenditures………………………………………………………………………………………. Revenue……………………………………………………………………………………………. Governments role…………………………………………………………………………………... Environmental Influences………………………………………………………………………... Political impact/involvement………………………………………………………………………. Economic influences……………………………………………………………………………….. Cultural impact……………………………………………………………………………………... Comparison……………………………………………………………………………………….. Russia vs U.S………………………………………………………………………………………. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………. Executive Summary Russia has a much lower patient satisfaction revolving around healthcare. This is due to out dated...
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...What are the trends in growth, inflation, unemployment, and debt? Over the last ten years Japan had a tremendous growth. It is no surprise for a country like Japan to have an increase in GDP among the last ten years; it had a GDP of $4.3 trillion in 2004 and kept increasing till it reached $5.96 trillion in the end of 2013 (Trading Economics, 2013). This significant increase in in the GDP is due to the increase in the net exports, since nowadays Japan is known as the world’s second largest developed economy. Japan exports a lot of automobiles because it is one of the leading countries in the production of automobiles that are spread all over the world. Moreover, Japan is the largest creditor nation while running an annual trade surplus. The GDP per capita increased from $29369.49 in 2004 to $31425.49 in 2013 (Trading Economics, 2013) meaning that the economy is vigorous since people are earning more so they have more disposable income to spend which vitalities the economy and the services thus leading the economy to thrive. All these conditions led the growth rare to increase from 0.1% in 2004 to 0.3% in 2013 (Trading Economics), however it is still considered low since it only increase 0.2%. In general we can come to a conclusion that the Japanese economy is healthy and is experiencing a positive growth. Since we already know that the economy in Japan is booming it would be rational to say that there are new opportunities for new positions in the market, the demand for workers...
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...Japan’s Shrinking Population Will Be the Downfall of Its Economy Japan’s changing values and contracting population will be the downfall of its economy. With a declining birth rate, currently at 1.3 births per woman (Bonnett,2009) and ever aging population, Japan is expected to shrink in population from its peak of 128 million people seven years ago to 87 million people by the year 2060 (Week Magazine 2014). How will Japan afford to sustain its generous social programs and bolster its fragile economy at the same time? How can Japan convince its younger generation to reverse the current trend of shunning marriage and children? The aversion of Japan’s younger generation to marriage and childbirth along with its aging population will drain its finances as it tries to sustain its economy. Japan’s population is getting smaller, and a variety of factors contribute to the shrinking population. One of the most dramatic factors is Japan’s declining fertility rate. This decline in fertility can be explained by two main factors, changing values and economics. Japanese women are joining the work force in greater numbers than ever before and in doing so have dramatically changed Japan’s demographic future. Japanese women have more options in the workforce than ever before and they are more educated than any point in Japan’s history. Thus, they are postponing or completely forgoing marriage to pursue opportunities outside the traditional Japanese home. The number of unmarried women ages...
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