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Define the City

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Define the City
A city is usually associated with big bright lights, hectic traffic, lots of busy roads and tall dark buildings- however, rarely do we look past the mere surface of a city to see what exactly constructs “the city”. To me, population has always been a significant indicator associated with cities- if the area has a large population then it is considered to be a city. Reading these articles I still believe in this connection and this large population makes the city a social institution.
The best definition of a city is made by Lewis Mumford when he states that the city is not just a physical fact but rather a social institution- “where men by mutual society and companying together, do grow to alliances, commonalties, and corporations.”[1] The large population enables the formation of the “social” part of the institution and in return the institution is needed to organize, lead and support the population. The city is the economic and political centre which is created by and for the people. Every city, due to its large population will have a large work force, and this large work force will produce large economic growth. This economic gain is orchestrated by the population to increase their own standard of living. “Cities” are where the main consulates, embassies, town halls, etc can be found, which are all created by people to create order and structure to the population. Along with this the city is a “theatre of social action”[2] where people can be found everywhere at any given day or time. There is always new art, ideas, drama going on and as Ernest W Burgess puts it “mobility is the pulse of the community”.[3]
The city having this large population and being a dramatic social institution does not only foster economic growth and political strength but is subject to many conflicts. When there are so many different people, the social space in a city becomes divided by race and class. This point can be seen by how the African community in Philadelphia was subject to segregation from the city- they were “a city within a city”.[4]
The city then is not just about the lights or the enormous shopping malls- it is a complicated network of interrelated things. It is, due to its large population, a social institution which then makes it an economic and political centre. A city does not just contain movement and growth but conflict and chaos. However, it’s important to remember that just as the city contains millions of people, the people contain millions of definitions of what is meant by the “city”.

Bibliography
-Mumford, Lewis (1937) “What is a City?” In Legates, R. and Stout, F. (eds.) 2007. The City Reader,
Fourth Edition. London: Routledge, pp. 85-89.

-Burgess, Ernest (1925) “The Growth of the City.” In Legates, R. and Stout, F. (eds.) 2007. The City
Reader, Fourth Edition. London: Routledge, pp. 150-157.

-Dubois, W.E.B. (1899) Excerpts from “The Philadelphia Negro.” In Legates, R. and Stout, F. (eds.) 2007.
The City Reader, Fourth Edition. London: Routledge, pp.119-125.

-----------------------
[1] Mumford, Lewis (1937) “What is a City?” In Legates, R. and Stout, F. (eds.) 2007. The City Reader,
Fourth Edition. London: Routledge, pp. 85-89.
[2] Mumford, Lewis (1937) “What is a City?” In Legates, R. and Stout, F. (eds.) 2007. The City Reader,
Fourth Edition. London: Routledge, pp. 85-89.
[3] Burgess, Ernest (1925) “The Growth of the City.” In Legates, R. and Stout, F. (eds.) 2007. The City
Reader, Fourth Edition. London: Routledge, pp. 150-157.
[4] Dubois, W.E.B. (1899) Excerpts from “The Philadelphia Negro.” In Legates, R. and Stout, F. (eds.) 2007.
The City Reader, Fourth Edition. London: Routledge, pp.119-125.

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