...Title Student’s name Course Institution Date Defining and Measuring Crime Introduction Crime has always been a shadow upon society’s image as these learned behaviors can be present in all shapes and sizes, in cities, streets, and even homes. Defining crime is multifaceted, and mainly relies on social, economic, and political factors. However, crime is a behavior and action punishable by law. People argue on the extent of crime which deserves punishment or law action. In general, no matter how depraved, culpable, treacherous, or damaging an act or behavior is, it will be subject to punishment. Other people argue that crimes depend on law of a state and the legislature. The types of punishment vary depending on the crime committed and seriousness of the crime. Criminal behavior changes from place to place and from time to time. Strong public notions and varying moral values have a substantial influence on the interpretation and understanding of crime. The first main problem of studying crime is coming up with the appropriate definition of the act or behavior. Discussion Crime covers complicated and several acts and behaviors that it has been difficult to have a standard definition of the subject. For instance, some countries and states have legalized abortion while others still consider abortion a crime. Matters of homosexuality are still frowned upon by some people because of their moral standings. In this case, it can be confusing on whether abortion...
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...Anarchism, really stands for the liberation of the human mind from the dominion of religion; the liberation of the human body from the dominion of property; liberation from the shackles and restraint of government. Emma Goldman TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION II. FREEDOM III. ANARCHY IV. TOTALITARIANISM V. FREEDOM, ANARCHY, TOTALITARIANISM VI. CONCLUSION VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION At a first glance freedom, anarchy and totalitarianism can be mistaken for three words whose meanings have nothing to do with each other. In the next pages, we will demonstrate that, on the contrary, they are very strongly connected not only in a philosophical sense, but also at a political level. In order to relate the three concepts, we must define each one of them. FREEDOM The word freedom implies the absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action . Freedom implies no boundaries to limit human actions, so an individual can act however he wants. The concept of boundaries transforms the word freedom into the word liberty. Whereas the concept of freedom ignores the concept of obligations, the concept of liberty implies potential obligations. The word freedom ignores interactions with other humans, the word liberty acknowledges those interactions. The word liberty describes specific freedoms of action without obligations toward others , but recognizes that obligations might exist. The concept of boundaries introduces obligations toward other...
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...Useful Tips in Writing a Research Paper Noel F. Noble, Ph.D. October 27 2015 Chapter 1 Introduction and Background of the Study Introduction Theoretical Framework Theoretical framework shapes the justification of the research problem in order to provide the legal basis for defining its parameters. It is a symbolic construction which uses abstract concepts, facts or laws, variables and their relation that explains and predicts how an observed phenomenon exists and operates. Conceptual Framework Conceptual framework presents specific and well-defined concepts which are called constructs. Its function is similar to theoretical framework because the constructs used are derived from abstract concepts of the theoretical framework. Statement of the Problem Statement of the problem sets the direction of the study. It has to be stated vividly and explicitly in interrogative form. A good research problem should be SMART, that is, Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-Bound. Significance of the Study Significance of the study explains its importance. It defines the contribution of the study in relation to solving the problem and need; bridging a knowledge gap; improving social, economic and health conditions; enriching research instruments and methods; and supporting government thrusts. Significance of the study is presented either in inductive or deductive perspective. In and inductive way, the researcher moves from the particular to the general...
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...Southern New Hampshire University Muad Elmuntasar OL- 690 Definition of Corporate Social Responsibility October 2, 2012 Pr. Katrina Kerr The definition of corporate social responsibility Introduction The corporate social responsibility ( CSR) seems to be came in the beginning of the millennium after so many wrong actions in past decades. May be, after the shock of scandals business such as Enron, WorldCom and Parmalat, also with the effect of weather change on the environment, all in consider have make many companies and organizations to rethink about their responsibilities towards their customers and stakeholders. Nowadays, business suggested that CSR is a normative, has different levels of concepts, which definition depends on many different of views and relationships, and changes in response to social directions (Silberhorn & Warren, 2007) . This study will examine how CSR is defined from different perspectives. There are different businesses see CSR from different concepts, they have their own trends. By looking at statement of missions of large companies publish on their web sites, we will find it explores their social responsibility and there view for their nation. Some businesses see CSR is about making profit. Unlike others businesses, attempt to do more than to make a profit (Struijk, 2012). Despite the fact that the main responsibility of a firm is to make a profit, in order to provide a product or excellent service that people are looking for. For...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 2 1. The definition of foreign investment 3 2. Dispute settlement mechanisms of investment agreements 6 3. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes 9 3.1. General provisions 9 3.2. Procedural rules under the Washington Convention 11 Jurisdiction 12 The procedure 14 The advantages of ICSID procedure 17 3.3. Important cases of ICSID arbitration 19 Occidental Petroleum Corporation v the Republic of Ecuador case 19 Phoenix Action Ltd. v. Czech Republic case 21 Vigotop Limited v Hungary case 23 3.4. The Role of Precedent in ICSID Arbitration 25 4. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 28 4.1. General Provisions 28 4.2. MIGA and the settlement of investment disputes 31 Interpretation and Application of the Convention 32 Disputes between the Agency and Members 32 5. Conclusion 35 Bibliography 38 Introduction In my thesis, my topic is foreign investment and the relating regulation system, aimed at increasing economics in the area of international relations. First, I would like to present the definition of foreign investment, since in the past decade, investment, especially foreign direct investment has come to play a major role in the internationalization of business. The most profound effect has been seen in developing countries, where foreign direct investment flows have highly increased. Foreign direct investment is...
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...Introduction to Intellectual Disability: Interview with Special and Regular Education Teachers Daryl C Martin Grand Canyon University: SPE 351 October 8, 2014 Introduction to Intellectual Disability: Interview with Special and Regular Education Teachers In the world of special education, Intellectual Disability or ID, has been scrutinized, manipulated and revolutionized to bring it to its current positons in education. For many years ID, had many other names to describe the individuals that were said to have abnormal cognitive and social skills. They have been labeled from idiots and fools, to the mentally challenged or retarded. Subsequently, due to the painstaking work by professionals, in medicine, psychology, education, and the government, society has cultivated a new era of acceptance and reform when it comes to special education and individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. Although defining and classifying ID can be difficult, there are laws and guidelines in place to help regulate and point educators in the right direction. An interview as conducted to understand the present state of ID and to get a firm understanding of what educators go through what is felt about where the progress of ID is today. Those interviewed were member of the SPED team and those teams members consisted of Summer White, a regular education teacher and Vikram Kharod, a special education teacher. These individuals make up the SPED team for the purpose of this class Issues relating to...
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... Macao and Taiwan have accurate regulations on this issue in their laws. However, a few researches have been done among the jurisprudential circles in China. But In reality, it is common to see the behaviors to violate the right of cohabitation, without any support from laws. According to this situation, this paper studies in the topic of cohabitation, trying to arouse the attention and introspection from jurisprudential circles to this issue, to promote an early solution of cohabiting right, to protect the legitimate interest of couples in China. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, body and conclusion. And the main body is divided into four chapters. Chapter I is basic theory of cohabitating right. The concept of cohabitation is the foundation of understanding the regulation of cohabiting right. The phenomenon of cohabitation can be derived from ancient time, but the concepts were different in ages. The right of cohabitation in this paper refers to the couple’s right to live together who has legal marriage relationships, that has the characters of exclusiveness, unity of right and obligation, closely connection to domicile, sexual life as main content, etc. Chapter II is foreign jurisprudential situation of the right of cohabitation and analysis. In this chapter, I mainly introduce the jurisprudential situations of the right of cohabitation in the representative countries from the two law systems, such as Germany, France, UK, USA, and Chinese regions like...
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...THE COMPANIES ACT, 1956 DEFINITION AND NATURE OF A COMPANY Learning Objectives At the end of this chapter, you will be able to • Identify the meaning and nature of a company • Identify the important characteristics of a company Introduction Today, we will begin with the Companies Act that was passed in 1956. In the lecture of today we will discuss the meaning and nature of a company. Do you know what do we mean by company? In simple words, a company can be defined as a group of persons associated together for the purpose of carrying on a business, with a view to earn profits. The word ‘Company’ is an amalgamation of the Latin word ‘Com’ meaning “with or together” and ‘Pains’ meaning “bread”. Thus, a company is nothing but a group of persons who have come together or who have contributed money for some common person and who have incorporated themselves into a distinct legal entity in the form of a company for that purpose. Section 3(1)(i) of the Act provides that, “a company means a company formed and registered under this Act or an existing company.” Section 3(1)(ii) lays down that, “ An existing company means a company formed and registered under any of the previous companies laws specified below.” (a) any Act or Acts relating to companies in force before the Indian Companies Act, 1866 (10 of 1886), and repealed by that Act; (b) The Indian Companies Act, 1866 (10 of 1866); (c) The Indian Companies Act, 1882 (6 of 1882); (d) The Indian Companies Act, 1913...
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...HR 512 Training Training on Sexual Harassment Carolyn P Garrity November 21th, 2012 Sanjoy Barman Md. Kamrul Ahsan Emon Rafsan Kabir Confederation College Contents Introduction 3 Training Need Analysis 4 Tool Design: 4 Effective use of tools: 4 Survey on Sexual Harassment 5 Report of findings: 7 TRAINING PROPOSAL 12 1. Title of Training Proposal: Avoid Sexual Harassment at Your Workplace. 12 2. Sector: 12 3. Brief Description of Training 12 3.1 Training Objective: 13 Participants will learn: 13 TRAINING DESIGN 14 4. Details of Training Design: 14 4.1Proposed Date and Duration of Training 14 4.2 Course Outline: 15 I. Understand and reinforce the need for sexual harassment training 15 II. Identify and legally define discrimination and harassment 15 III. Prevent harassment and discrimination 15 IV. Understand different gender and cultural communication methods 16 V. Active and respectful communication skills 16 VI. Case study application, course review and examination 16 4.3 Training Output: 17 4.3 Methodology: 17 Return on Investment 18 Target Group 18 Training Costs 19 Training Plan 20 Name and Designation of Officer to be contacted for details: 23 Bibliography 24 Appendix 25 Introduction Training helps the organization to identify the effectiveness of training. It indicates the performance required for the employees to perform the job. Training plays an important role to develop the skills and performance of the...
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...MBP1133 | Project Management Framework Prepared by Dr Khairul Anuar L1 – The Project Environment www.notes638.wordpress.com 1 Lecture Topics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Introduction Understanding Project Management Overview of Project Management Project Management according to PMBOK® Guide What is a Successful Project Management Benefits of Project Management Obstacles in Project Management Project Deliverables Project Stakeholders Defining Project Success Defining the Project Manager’s Role Project Scope and Product Scope Project Management Success Factors Project Management Failure Project Life Cycle Integrated Processes of Project Management Integrated Processes of Project Management 2 1. Introduction • PM started about 40 years ago in the US in the Department of Defense contractors and construction companies. • Today, the concept behind project management is being applied in such diverse industries and organizations as defense, construction, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, banking, hospitals, accounting, advertising, law, state and local governments, and the United Nations and even transitional planning for a new US president (Romney Readiness Project, in 2012), and NGOs/disaster relief organisation 3 4 2. Understanding Project Management • A project can be considered to be any series of activities and tasks that: Have a specific objective to be completed within certain specifications Have defined start and end dates Have funding...
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...Uniform Commercial Code: Article 2 Sales Transactions over the Internet Introduction The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) generally refers to the main set of regulations and laws that were primarily established to harmonize and standardize sales and commercial transactions in the United States. The primary reason for standardizing the state laws regarding the conduct of sale and transactions is that, often in today’s society, those transactions and sales tend to extend beyond the jurisdiction of a given state. For instance, a particular product may be manufactured in California, warehoused in Arizona, sold in Texas and delivered in Michigan. Consequently, the use of the UCC has not only ensured uniformity of the state laws regulating commercial transactions but has also allowed the states to achieve the necessary flexibility required to meet their local transaction demands (Benjamin and Jane,1998). The history of the UCC dates back to the 1940s when top American legal scholars began to draft a uniform law regulating commercial transactions that was intended to be adopted into the code of statutes of all of the states in America. Although the content of the UCC is generally the same in all the states that have adopted it, some states have however undertaken minimal structural adjustments to conform to the local state customs. The implementation of the UCC has enabled people from various states to freely make their commercial contracts without the different terms and conditions...
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...Chapter I An Introduction to Slavery “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.” - Article 4, Universal Declaration of Human Rights For most people slavery is an age old understanding of African people in shackles being captured and shipped across the Atlantic Ocean, where they are sold at public auctions, however the reality is that slavery still thrives. Slavery was officially abolished during the age of enlightenment, further now it has been prohibited in all its forms in international human rights treaties, in international labour rights agreements and in almost every country worldwide. However it still persists as a grave violation of human rights in many countries. Defining Slavery It has been said that Slavery was the very first issue to draw international concern; however, there is no well-set definition of slavery which could lead us to say that over the years it has started to encompass various forms of exploitation in to the ambit of ‘slavery’. With the legal definition of slavery marginalised, people looked elsewhere to define slavery. A survey of the academic literature on modern forms of slavery would show that, it has turned to the work of Kevin Bales (one of the world's leading experts on modern slavery) and his social understanding of what constitutes slavery. For more than fifteen years, Kevin Bales has attempted to build discussions on modern forms of slavery and propose...
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...The Problems With The Law on Rape in Nigeria By Aloy Ojilere,* Introduction The law relating to rape in Nigeria is rarely discussed even though rape occurs very often and is considered as the most dehumanizing act that can be done on a woman or girl.1 The opinion has also been held that "Nigerian female victims of rape are rater punished by the laws that be and stigmatized by society instead of being rendered justice to and protected.2 This paper will examine the laws relating to rape and/or governing rape trials in Nigeria, to wit: the Penal Code and Criminal Code and the Evidence Act, to underscore the meaning, elements, defences and application of the offence of rape in Nigeria and determine their sufficiency and/or insufficiency with regards to victim protection. Accordingly, the paper will access and overhaul the statutory definition of rape, the common law presumption as to the age of a person who may commit the offence, the requirement for corroboration of evidence of a rape victim/survivor and the issue of consent as a defence to rape. The gender insensitive nature of the law on rape in Nigeria which constitutes a discrimination against men (by defining rape as an offence which can only be committed by a male) will also be highlighted. Suggestions will also be made for legislative review or upgrade of the law on rape in Nigeria in line with what obtains in some other jurisdictions. 1.0 Meaning of Rape Rape is a specific...
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...Name: College: Campus/Time: Date: Speech Title: Optimism vs. Pessimism Introduction I. Introduction (Open with Impact): “An optimist may see a light where there is none, but why must a pessimist always run to blow it out?” stated famous French philosopher Rene Descartes. Descarte’s quote is an exceptional example of his influential work to two philosophers who defined optimism and pessimism. II. Focus on the Thesis Statement: Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two leading political theorists throughout the seventeenth century who had two different perspectives on life. In Formulations website, Gordon Diem testifies Hobbes as the recognized author of "Leviathan," and Locke as the popular writer of "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding." III. Connect with the Audience: Everyone in the world has their own philosophies and outlooks on life; you might even have your own. IV. Preview of Main Points: a. Preview Point 1: Hobbe’s and Locke’s life before they became well known philosophers. b. Preview Point 2: Their opinions on the appearances of man. c. Preview Point 3: The natural characteristics people have within themselves. d. Preview Point 4: How all men are uniform in nature. Transition: I will begin by informing you about their opinions on the appearance of man. Body I. Main Point 1: A glimpse into the early life of certain individuals can momentously affect how one would evaluate the future and the people surrounding...
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