...Understanding of Public Administration Abstract The purpose of this paper, An Understanding of Public Administration, is to provide the reader with an overview of the field and its application towards public programs, agencies, groups and other associations. It also provides a clear definition, introduces some principles associated with public administration along and how it is used in American society. Public administration allows public policies and actions, decision-making ability and day to day operations of an agency to be executed effectively in our environment. The reader becomes familiar with the historical and social aspects pertaining to the evolving field. Public administration does not have a definite age of existence but has been recognized as reliable tool used to perform public service in the United States for the past century. Following the overview of public administration, an example of a public agency is illustrated to further acquaint the reader to the practice of public administration and how it operates to service the public. Table of Contents I. Introduction – Brief Overview of Public Administration II. Body A. Woodrow Wilson B. Principles behind Public Administration C. Public Administration in the United States D. Luther Gulick and Functions in Management E. POSDCORB III. Community Action Agency- Brief Overview IV. Conclusion V. Bibliography Introduction Public administration...
Words: 2577 - Pages: 11
...Assignment 1: Public Personnel Today Abstract Defining the needs of public personnel today, analyzing and explaining critical trends affecting the growth of public personnel today, analyzing and evaluating strategies needed to create a diversified workforce as well as strategies the government must address to sustain union membership and representation among public employees will be outlined in the following pages. Public personnel are the employees of federal, state, local, and nonprofit organizations. Public Personnel Management involves two separate avenues. The two are public personnel and personnel administration. They both include public employees, managers, administrators, taxpayers, politicians and citizens. Introduction Defining public personnel is somewhat vast, however the term refers to human resources who work in the public sector and provide public services to citizens whether local, state, national, or even international. The public personnel today have four major functions. They are planning, acquisition, development and sanctions. These functions are carried throughout the organization for effectiveness. Public personnel today are facing challenges. The following text will include the explanation of four critical trends affecting growth of public personnel today as well as evaluating four strategies needed to create a diversified workforce and describing four strategies the government must address to sustain union membership and representation among public employees...
Words: 1055 - Pages: 5
...Angel L. Mason Week 4 Application Intro to Public Administration Since the time of Max Weber and his sociological research on bureaucracy during the Pre-World War I era, public administration has played a major role in the ever shifting relationship between the individual and the community. This altered our essential concepts of the public and private monarchy within social life during the twentieth century. In the twenty-first century, the contemporary liberal democratic impulse towards both an unfettered individualism and a strong restricted civic community or culture has developed major challenges to Weber’s ‘modern’ approach to public administration. From former U.S. President Bill Clinton’s declaration that “the era of big government is over” in 1995, to recent proclamations within international theories of a new world order cemented by a ‘global’ civil society, ‘bureaucracy’, as the foundation of the contemporary nation-state, has been challenged on a theoretical and practical level. It is from this exemplar that democratic administration theory has largely emerged. Responding to the new challenges of traditional bureaucracy and their subsequent ‘hollowing out of the State’ as an effective institution, democratic administration theory has attempted to construct a new basis of administrative rule in which both the ‘expert’ and ‘client’ becomes leveled in their discourse through democratic and even radical reform of the administrative process itself. ...
Words: 634 - Pages: 3
...Communications of the Association for Information Systems (Volume 15, 2004)713-729 713 INTRODUCING e-GOV: HISTORY, DEFINITIONS, AND ISSUES Åke Grönlund Örebro University, ake.gronlund@esi.oru.se Thomas A. Horan Claremont Graduate University, ABSTRACT The e-Gov field (also called Electronic Government, Digital Government, Electronic Governance, and similar names) emerged in the late 1990´s. Since then it spurred several scientific conferences and journals. Because the field grew considerably in size, both its contents and position with respect to other research fields and disciplines need to be explained and discussed. What is e-Gov? What is e-Gov research? What does it mean for the field of Information Systems? This paper briefly sketches the short eGov history and current status, and discusses the content of the field as it appears in current research. We conclude with a discussion of e-Gov as a research field of interest both as a new application area for IS theories and methods and as a source of new insight. Keywords: electronic government, governance I. INTRODUCTION The e-Gov (Electronic Government or Electronic Governance) field1 emerged in the late 1990´s as a context within which to share experiences among practitioners. Over the past few years eGov gave rise to several conferences with more and more scientific content. Some specialized journals now appear. Because the field grew to considerable size, both its contents and position with respect to other research fields...
Words: 8545 - Pages: 35
...as either:. Angle of view - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_view Wikipedia The effective focal length is nearly equal to the stated focal length of the lens (F), except in macro photography where the lens-to-object ... is usually defined to be positive, despite the inverted image. ... of the frame (the film or image sensor). [PDF]Development Cooperation: a French Vision - France ... www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/.../Doc_Cadre_ANG_2011-2_cle09c7ea.... France ambition to define zones that are of common interest to North ... thrust, in line with France's vision of a European. Union set to .... reinforce the legitimacy and effectiveness of official action. ...... involving citizens upstream in the framing of public ... [PDF]Transformational Leadership - Regent University https://www.regent.edu/acad/.../ELJ_V1Is1_Givens.pdf Regent University by RJ Givens - 2008 - Cited by 29 - Related articles vision. The review also explores the following personal outcomes of the ... Koh et al.). Research has also shown that transformational leadership impacts employee ... leadership and effective followership, utilizing interaction-focused ... Followers' frame of reference or ... Tichy (1982) defined culture as the “glue that holds an. [PDF]Healthy People: A 2020 Vision for the Social Determinants ... www.drexel.edu/~/media/.../A%202020%20Vision.ash... Drexel University Dr. Howard Koh, Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S....
Words: 470 - Pages: 2
...Concept of Ethical Obligations Strayer University PAD 500 Modern Public Administration Dr. Leah Raby 11.25.13 George Tenet served as the Director if the Central Intelligence Agency from 1997 to 2004 under Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. His CIA tenure coincided with the 9/11 terrorists attacks the New York City World Trade Center, Pentagon in Washington, D.C and the American invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq all marked by challenges and controversies for the agency and his leadership(White, 2008). Tenet’s case discussed his decision making roles before and during the invasion of Iraq. It also took a close look at Tenet’s priorities in the agency, the public and of his conscious. In this paper, I will first identify four cross-coded ethical dilemmas facing former CIA Director George Tenet and assess their impact on his leadership abilities. Secondly, analyze four ways in which Tenet addressed the prioritization of ethical concerns. Then, I will identify and explain four strategies used in competing ethical obligation in relation to the many intergovernmental organizations that overlapped his office. I will also elaborate on four relevant notions for designing ethical maps for defining and prioritizing ethical obligations. Finally, I will research and cite at least four peer-reviewed academic sources. Ethics is defined as moral principles that...
Words: 1756 - Pages: 8
...Public Health Accreditation September 14, 2012 Accreditation may be defined as “the periodic issuance of credentials or endorsements to organizations that meet a specified set of performance standards.” (Novick and Mays, Public Health Administration, p. 765). And I personally feel that having accrediting bodies in the field of public health secures our society and the public health departments can play a very important role in promoting and preserving health. The Public Health Accreditation Board was established to help lead to quality public health in communities. Accreditation can lead to quality improvement in public health if specific criteria’s are mandated. To understand the relationship between accreditation and quality improvement, the potential strengths and limitations of the accreditation process should be evaluated. Public Health accreditation can yield maximum benefits and the impact of accreditation on various levels of public health outcomes. The existing accreditation programs in other industries show limited but encouraging evidence that accreditation will improve quality and strengthen the delivery of public health services. Accreditation in public health can be informed by other accredited industries but the public health field has its own set of challenges. Strategies and incentives like creating financing options and having a strong leadership will allow greater access to accreditation by all public health departments. The suggested accreditation...
Words: 416 - Pages: 2
...helpful defining "discretion in action". Theoretical discussion on the issue has been extended towards practical implications. Author stresses, that establishing a decision-making architecture, leaders of the organization can create learning and supportive environment, which encourages appropriate and limited use of discretion. Raktažodžiai: atskaitomybė, atsakomybė, diskretiškumas, etika, korupcija, sprendimų priėmimas. Keywords: accountability, responsibility, discretion, ethics, corruption, decision making. Introduction Few aspects of Public Administration engender more controversy than the idea of discretion. For most, the attitude toward the exercise of discretion must be described as ambiguous and even ambivalent. While the necessity of the exercise of discretion is not disputed, there is little agreement on the normative foundation (Bryner, 1987) for that activity. Yet without a normative foundation, there is little basis upon which to judge the exercise of discretion. Recent literature on ethical practices in the governments of Africa has boldly asserted that discretion leads to the breakdown of the rule of law and threatens the capacity to govern (Hope, 1999). Those who have witnessed the slow slide into corruption that has befallen many a nation make the reduction of official discretion a cornerstone of public sector reform. As Hope (1999) laments: Following independence, most African countries shamelessly transformed themselves from bureaucratic administrations that...
Words: 9274 - Pages: 38
...The purpose of this essay is to discuss the meaning, nature and scope of administrative laws and administrative ethics. In order to achieve this the essay will start by defining the major terms making up the subject, it will further discuss the meaning, nature and scope of administrative laws and administrative ethics. Finally a comprehensive conclusion will be given based on the discussion. There is no universally accepted definition of administrative law, but rationally it may be held to cover the organization, powers, duties, and functions of public authorities of all kinds engaged in administration; their relations with one another and with citizens and nongovernmental bodies; legal methods of controlling public administration; and the rights and liabilities of officials. In other words, administrative law is the body of law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of government. Government agency action can include rulemaking, adjudication, or the enforcement of a specific regulatory agenda. Administrative law is considered a branch of public law. As a body of law, administrative law deals with the decision-making of administrative units of government (for example, tribunals, boards or commissions) that are part of a national regulatory scheme in such areas as police law, international trade, manufacturing, the environment, taxation, broadcasting, immigration and transport. Administrative law expanded greatly during the twentieth century, as legislative bodies...
Words: 1252 - Pages: 6
...MG214 ASSIGNMENT 1 Assignment Question: Discuss the criticisms of the NPM model and what the new developments in the NPM model are The New Public Management (NPM) was formed in early 1980s and 1990s as a result of reforms or change public management styles that includes its structures and processes with the objectives of running them better. Before this new public management came into exist in management sector the early administrations were personal meaning that opportunity to have jobs or other positions was based on loyalty to a particular person such as a King. Hence innovations of ideas or theories came up to change traditional model of administration (old management) and developed what is known to us new public management (NPM). However, the formation of NPM or the use of NPM system creates criticisms from the traditional practitioners of public administration. Such as lack of specificity as to what is actually involved in NPM, there is no agreement as to what NPM actually is and different theorists put forward quite different lists of NPM characteristics( (Hughes, 2012). Now let’s go on by looking at four criticisms when developing New Public Management today. The first criticism of the NPM is the merit-base pay for all employees which means that payment will be paid according to qualification for job satisfaction (Whitford, 2013). Academics develop new ways of managing human resource development in organisation which were administered by the lines of managers. For example...
Words: 1094 - Pages: 5
...nurses are capable of handling in the healthcare world it is no wonder the role of the doctor in nursing practice is often misunderstood. The original goal of the DNP, as contained in the AACN position statement, was to prepare "experts in population-based practice," moving advanced practice education to the level of the practice doctorate (Grey, 2013, p. 462). Along with clinical roles the DNP allows for nurses to tackle positions in leadership that involve administration and public health. Post-master's programs emphasize content on administration, policy, and leadership so as to not repeat the clinical education provided in MSN programs. Also, there is consensus that the intent of DNP preparation is to expand the role of the advanced practice nurse (APN) to address population health, health policy, and leadership (Grey, 2013, p. 462). The role of the DNP prepared nurse appears to be clearly defined although not carried out in the workforce. With the majority of DNP educated nurse going into faculty and administration roles the question to if the original expectations of DNP programs are being met is raised. The DNP prepares the nurses to take on specific roles in many different areas. The emphasis on quality improvement will promote nurse leaders' knowledgeable engagement in and encouragement of quality initiatives. The emphasis on collaborative team care will reinforce quality improvement at the interdisciplinary level (Dunbar-Jacob, p. 423). The role of the DNP educated...
Words: 374 - Pages: 2
...propose to conduct is, in fact, research. If they determine it is research, the next question is to ask is if the activity involves human subjects. These are important because the answers determine if the activity is subject to IRB oversight. Federal regulations for protecting research subjects provide basic definitions of "research" and of "human subjects." This module will interpret words and phrases used in the definitions from the perspective of research in the social and behavioral sciences and the humanities. Learning Objectives By the end of this module, you should be able to: * Explain the definition of research * Explain the definition of human subject * Describe the differences between private and public information and behavior Defining "Research" Research is defined by the federal regulations, as "a systematic investigation including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge." "Systematic investigation" A great deal of research in the social and behavioral sciences uses what is commonly thought of as the scientific method. However, the interpretation of the term "systematic investigation" depends largely upon discipline-specific methods. It is possible for research to be systematic without conforming in every respect to the elements of the conventional scientific method. For example, when ethnographers study communities, they may not have a priori hypotheses, but many aspects of their...
Words: 1502 - Pages: 7
...growth our current administration, Mayor Blasio has a created eight-point plan, Foundation for an Affordable Housing. Just like the other inhabited town, the rich residents are the ones who get to relish town, while the different social class population, area unit barely extant, living from check to paycheck to pay rent. New York City at this half has the highest rental level, which keep increasing and in constant time the financial gain remains the same. These are some of the rationale why Mayor Bill de Blasio and his administration has created...
Words: 980 - Pages: 4
...Center Program to provide comprehensive primary care services. They also receive funding from other public and private organizations including; cost based Medicaid payments, grants to support capital and operational costs, discounted pharmaceuticals, access to Nation Health Service Corps clinicians, Medicare, direct patient revenue, private insurance, state and local funding, and philanthropic organizations.The evidence is plentiful regarding the advantages and opportunities for the FQHC model of health care delivery. There are also challenges that impact the system of care as well. Some challenges include funding and workforce shortages. Because of quality, costs, and increased accessibility, APRNs play in integral part in the workforce in FQHCs. Federally Qualified Health Centers as a Model for Healthcare Delivery The Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) model for healthcare delivery is designed to meet the healthcare needs of the most...
Words: 689 - Pages: 3
...President’s Daily Brief and the National Intelligence Estimate (White, 2008). His role also included maintaining communication between the Directorate of Operations and the Directorate of Intelligence, presidential intelligence advisor, and I “head of the intelligence community” (White, 2008). Majority of Mr. Tenet’s ethical dilemmas were based on his professional role. His first ethical dilemma came upon being sworn in as DCI. The dilemma was to be seen by President Clinton or to focus on reconstruction of the CIA. Since Mr. Tenet chose to focus on the reconstruction of the CIA, President Clinton did not include him in his intelligence committee or as part of the Clinton administration cabinet. The fact that he was not included in the Clinton administration cabinet left room for him to be appointed during the Bush administration but by default and word-of-mouth. The second dilemma was during peace talks between the Palestinians and Israelis during the Fall of 1998 under President Clinton. This dilemma was to position himself as a diplomat or as DCI with internal information regarding a convicted spy. This dilemma almost cost him his position as DCI. President Clinton was about to ignore his threat...
Words: 1676 - Pages: 7
