...Life Span Perspective Essay Mary "Beth" Walker PSY/375 October 28, 2014 Erica Yahya Life Span Perspective Essay Changes are always occurring in the development of an individual's life, from the day an individual is conceived to the day that the individual passes away. This essay will describe the physical and cognitive changes in the field of psychology that is called "Lifespan Development." This essay will also describe some of the theories involved in the field and how heredity and environment shape an individual. Each and every person goes through several stages, starting with infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age, older age and then eventually death. The infancy stage, is the birth to two years old and is crucial stage for the development of relationships with others. The infant is totally dependent on an adult and learns that the world surrounding them is a safe place; this is the stage when bonding occurs. The childhood stage is two through ten years old. There are numerous changes in this stage; the child becomes less dependent on the adults in their life and gains more self-control of their physical and cognitive abilities. From the age of ten to twenty years old the individual is in adolescence, the adolescent is developing their identity and the thought process is more complex and logical. The early adulthood stage is from the age of twenty to forty years of age. In this stage the person is gaining financial independence, working in...
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...emotional experiences emotional recognition This essay will discuss each of the three elements in the following life developmental stages referring to biological evidence and well know developmental stages referring to biological evidence and well know developmental theorists where appropriate. The three life stages in this essay will be infancy and childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Emotional expression is a key aspect of learning in which the individuals recognizes how to apply emotions that are socially appropriate and in keeping with the emotional development of that person. During infancy, the use of facial expressions is a key means of communication to establish biological needs. For example crying when to be fed or laughing when defecating. At this stage of infancy usually about the first months of birth, key cognitive functions to express emotions such as smiling is reflexive, independent of external stimuli. With the advancement of age of 2 - 3 months this reflexive motor is replaced by social smiling, typically when the baby sees his or her caregivers face. From the ages of 4 - 5 years, emotional expressions begin to be shaped by societal and cultural expectations and this continues to expand between the ages of 8-12 years until adolescence. In adolescence, facial displays of emotion become increasingly complex and contingent upon the social circumstance or people they are surrounded by. In adulthood emotional expressions and experiences become more...
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...Stages of life: Childhood and adulthood. BY: Laura Geraldine Ramirez. Definitions of life stages can be found in Greek literature from the time of Socrates and Plato. These descriptions are based on the changes and behaviors which humans have during life. Basically, a stage of life is a period of time when people suffer a big physically change and in their mind as well. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the differences between two stages of life: Childhood and adulthood. Childhood and adulthood are two important ages of a person; however, some people decide to define one of them as the best stage of their life, depends on these fourth main aspects which make each one totally different to the other: physical appearance, cognitive development, the interaction with others, and the way of they view the world around them. Children and adults share some main characteristics which defined them as humans, but one of the most notable differences between a child and an adult is the physical appearance. Children development depends by the age, and the conditions that the little boy has. Also, children do not care about their physical appearance. For example they do not think about the effect of diet on health. In contrast, adults always want to be perfect and want to belong to the stereotypes created by society: a symmetrical face, a slender body, a perfect teeth and be fashionable. The second aspect to consider is the cognitive development...
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...An essay On The Impact of Disability in Transition to Adulthood Submitted to: Submitted by: Submission date: Table of Contents Introduction 2 Impact of disability on transition to adulthood 3 Social model of disability 3 An example of social model of disability 4 Attitudes: 4 Social support: 4 Adequate information: 4 Physical structure: 4 Flexible work hour: 4 Areas of discrimination 5 Education: 5 Employment: 5 Transportation: 5 Housing problems: 5 Law and public policy in favor of disable people 5 Conclusion: 6 References: 7 Introduction In the past century, disability is used to refer to a distinct class of people. There are different characteristics of disability such as paraplegia, deafness, blindness, autism, epilepsy and depression. Dis abilities refers to the absence of a limb or sensory function, chronic debases, inability to perform cognitive function and psychiatric disorders. Two common features of disability given by WTO are: a physical or mental characteristic labeled or perceived as an impairment or dysfunction (it will refer as “impairments”), some personal or social limitation associated with that impairment (Anon, 2015). An example of disability is the story of David Abraham who is 30 year old. He likes to play football and cricket, to hear music and to enjoy and entertain movies. David has disability problems that one un-matured leg is shorter than other and learning disability in language...
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...Ethics Essay Stacey L Williams ETH/316 May 16th, 2013 Harry Herman Ethics Essay According to Boylan (2009) “Ethics is the activity that addresses the “right and wrong” of human action”. Throughout continuous research this was the most precise definition that I came upon. When you are in a difficult situation that can possibly result in a conflict, you are then considered to be in an ethical position. From childhood to adulthood we learn the differences between right and wrong, then realize how the decisions that we make can later on impact us. During research I determined the similarities and differences between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics, and how each theory addresses ethics and morality. The theory of virtue addresses how an individual can achieve excellence morally and non-morally. You can achieve goodness in many ways, physically or non-physically. Utilitarianism is a theory that more focuses on doing things that are morally correct in where it will benefit a group of people than just you. Deontology is a moral theory that is based on principle. Whether it will produce consequences or not, it is done because it is inherently correct. Weineck (2007), “Virtue theory is different to the other two normative theories; utilitarianism and deontology. It focuses more on the individual, and their characteristics, as opposed to just looking at an action that has been carried out. Virtue ethics talks about 'how we should be,' and what virtues...
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...maintenance, promotion and restoration of health. The objectives are to identify different families and the own common health traditions based of the cultural heritage. Evaluate and discuss how the families ascribe to traditions and practices. The evaluation of these different cultures reveal similarities and differences in traditions that may help provide holistic optimal health delivery. The definition of cultural awareness is an individual’s awareness of their understanding between themselves and other backgrounds, attitudes to health and specific cultural values (Cultural awareness, n.d). Cultural competence refers to knowledge and skills that must be obtained to care for culturally different backgrounds (Spector, 2008). The Heritage Assessment Tool (HAT) , is a check list used by professionals to gain knowledge of patients culture and beliefs prior to initiating care (Spector 2000). In combination with questions that relate to health beliefs and practices the HAT assessment includes events in their childhood, which contribute to the values, and beliefs in adulthood (Spector, 1989). Nurses must apply health education to clients that is culturally sensitive, as well as... View Full...
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...cheating. Use anti-plagiarism websites. Sites like turnitin may be fast and effective at catching plagiarized writing in student’s papers. There services scan uploaded essays for lifted material from across the web. Many teachers require students to submit their own papers to the site before handing in a hard copy, thus eliminating tedious work for the teacher while also discouraging plagiarism since students know their work will be checked. While these websites are quite effective at catching kids who rely on copy-and-paste rather than writing, they will not catch students who hire a writer or buy unpublished content. Rely heavily on in-class material. When assigning a paper, use material from the classroom in the prompt. It is far more difficult for a hired writer to incorporate material from a class they did not attend. Instead of asking for a basic character analysis of the Montague family, ask students to compare each character to a member of the class or the school. It’s highly unlikely that a would-be-cheater will find material on something so specific, or a writer for hire who is familiar with your class. Makes papers a continuation of discussion. Asking students to continue a discussion from class in their papers serves two purposes. Similarly to the above suggestion, it makes plagiarizing or purchasing an essay more difficult. But more importantly, it promotes critical thinking and allows pupils to delve more deeply into classroom material. Write in class. This is probably...
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...RELTIONSHIPS: tHE IMPORTANCE AND INFLUENCE IN ADULTHOOD Tebogo Joyhonour Malatjie 20110716 RELTIONSHIPS: tHE IMPORTANCE AND INFLUENCE IN ADULTHOOD Tebogo Joyhonour Malatjie 20110716 Adult Development and Training. Due date: 13 May 2014 Adult Development and Training. Due date: 13 May 2014 Table of Content * Cover Page * Introduction * 1. Friendships * Theoretical Perspectives of adult friendships * Importance of friendship in adulthood * Cross-sex friendships * Male vs Female Friendships * Loss and friendship in adulthood * 2. Love relationship * Love * Importance of love relationships * Marriage * Conclusion * Reference List * Introduction The Best Man Holiday is an intriguing piece of art which explores the complexities of various forms of relationships within adulthood. It looks at how friendships can be broken and repaired, aspects of marriage, love and trust. It looks at the tight ropes that get walked within cross-sex friendships and many more aspects of the functioning and importance of relationships in adulthood and ageing. The movie is a sequel to The Best Man and is set within the Christmas season. At this stage many relationships are strained between the individuals who have been the closest of friends since their college days, the strain being a result of events that...
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...Critical Thinking, Linda Elder offers the following definition of critical thinking: “Critical thinking is self-guided, self-disciplined thinking which attempts to reason at the highest level of quality in a fair-minded way. People who think critically consistently attempt to live rationally, reasonably, and empathically. They are keenly aware of inherently flawed nature of human thinking when left unchecked. They strive to diminish the power of their egocentric and socio- centric tendencies. They use the intellectual tools that critical thinking offers- concepts and principles that enable them to analyze, access, and improve thinking. They work diligently to develop the intellectual virtues of intellectual integrity, intellectual civility, intellectual empathy, intellectual sense of justice and confidence in reason.” Critical thinking is taking a thought thinking about it, analyzing it, and then elaborating on it with facts and evidence. Based on Linda Elder’s argument critical thinkers use intellectual tools to improve their thinking through numerous skills. The numerous skills used such as intellectual empathy and rationale allow for critical thinkers to reason at a high level of quality. With Linda Elder’s definition in mind the following texts offer evidence to support her definition. In John Berger’s Ways of Seeing he offers the problem of people being subjective. In David Foster Wallace’s essay “Deciderization 2007-A Special Report” he shows...
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...Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issues” This essay will look into Freud’s psychosexual theory and will describe how it relates to adult neurotic behaviour. The essay will then look at some of the criticisms he had. Psychoanalysis, begun in the 1900s with Sigmund Freud being hailed the Father. Freud's theories of psychosexual stages, the unconscious, and dream symbolism remain a popular topic among both psychologists and laypersons, despite the fact that his work is viewed with skepticism by many today. 1 Many of Freud's observations and theories were based on clinical cases and case studies, making his findings difficult to generalise to a larger population. Regardless, Freud's theories changed how we think about the human mind and behavior and left a lasting mark on psychology and culture. Another theorist associated with psychoanalysis is Erik Erikson. Erikson expanded upon Freud's theories and stressed the importance of growth throughout the lifespan. Erikson's psychosocial stage theory of personality remains influential today in our understanding of human development . 2 The aims, which are similar to psychodynamics with psychodynamics commencing in the 1940’s. Psychodynamics continues as a discipline in its own right, and could be viewed as the child of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a lengthy form of therapy whereas psychodynamics is often...
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...Identity: A Brief History The term identity as the dictionary defines it today is almost as new as the sciences devoted to studying it. The definition of the word identity has undergone several transformations since it was first used by European philosophers emerging from the Dark Ages. It wouldn’t be until 1950 that the word would undergo its final stage, the one seen used in psychology textbooks across the world. Erik Erikson’s eight stages of the life cycle gave us its modern meaning. The way the term identity has been used by philosophers in the past has given it definite significance and seriousness. Despite this, its use in relation to the individuality of a person was very casual and lacked depth. Only recently has the term identity come to represent an analytical psychological concept (Gleason, 1983). Before modern social sciences evolved, the term identity was associated with philosophical thought and the ever-present questions about the mind-body connection and the nature of self. The root of the word identity is Latin in origin. The word is “idem” and it means “the same.” The word identity has been found in philosophical texts going back to 1690 with John Locke’s “Essay Concerning Human Understanding” (Gleason, 1983). The term seemed to be used only to describe “self” as the philosophers viewed it. The definition of identity that we have today did not come about until much later and when it did it gave much insight into issues that had risen around the...
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...us to look beyond the healthcare system for ways to improve the health of New Zealanders. These factors are called the social determinants of health. This essay will take a closer look at some of these social determinants and how they can influence people’s health and well-being. It will also discuss research articles that provide examples of influences of social determinants of health relating to adults. Paragraph 2: SDH approach. Your discussion...
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...Behavioral Essay The behavior I wish to change is being irrationality it leads a person to not thinking through difficult situations and making decision bad decisions possibly cause physical or mental harm. There are many different things that cause irrationality (http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Stress_(psychology) “stress: (roughly the opposite of relaxation) is a medical term for a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological, which can cause a physiological response called the general adaptation syndrome, first described in 1936 by Hans Selye in the journal Nature.edication, moodiness to name a few. Moodiness: (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/moodiness) “Given to frequent changes of mood; temperamental”. (“http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/aggressiveness) Aggressiveness:”characterized by or tending unprovoked offensives attacks, invasions or the like militantly forward militantly” The word that I have cited above describes me when stressed or irritated. Therapist would say I suffer from a mild case of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder because of multiple deployments and the strenuous hours; worked. For extended time. The actions isolated me from my family and made it difficult for anyone to deal with me. Self analysis and seeking therapy is the best action along with having good friends who tell you what kind of person you have become. Self analysis worked great for me because I learned to be honest with myself. This is...
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...and women that were created in earlier generations. The present article sought to identify and explain the characteristics of the three major sociological paradigms, a) the function of women in society, b) the conflict women experience in society, c) the symbolic interaction that each gender have with one another. The studies presented have been known to be the most recent and reliable research performed on feminism. Feminism “The feminist ideal seems simple: it is a movement fighting for gender equality. As neutral as its definition sounds, the movement has unfortunately at points been exploited as the female agenda to take over the world.” (Tasnim Ahmed , 2015) Feminism has evolved over the years but it all started back in the 18th century. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, an author in the 18th century, wrote an essay titled, “A Vindication of the Right of Woman” which entailed arguments for a woman’s right to an education. Wollstonecraft’s essay predates modern feminism, which can be divided into three waves (Carl, 2011, p.200). In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the first wave began which revolved mostly around the women’s suffrage movement. Activists such as the famous Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton began the fight for a woman’s right to vote. The second wave began in the 1960s and entailed equality for women in the workplace, in education and social independence from men. The third wave began in the 1990s and included multiple racial and socioeconomic groups...
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...Introduction Obesity in children is a major health issue affecting the Australian population with approximately 1 in 4 children being overweight or obese (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2013). It represents a major health and economic burden costing Australia around $58 billion in 2008 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). When assessing this issue from a public health perceptive, it is important to consider how obesity can affect the children in our society and the health complications obesity can lead to. The aim of this essay is to discuss the impact of obesity in children aged 6-17, in regards to its rising prevalence patterns, health risk behaviours and social determines. Health promotion and educational campaigns along...
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