...Demographic Dividend Opportunity or Threat In 1798, in his An Essay on the Principle of Population, Reverend Thomas Malthus posited that the human population growing at an exponential rate shall someday surpass the level sustainable by the arithmetically growing rate of food production. This statement, which forms the crux of Malthusianism, argued for greater birth control measures to keep population in check. The 19th century, though not without its problems of population related urbanization, didn’t see Malthus’ premonition come to fruition and his argument seemed to have been laid to rest, albeit for half a century when in the wake of unshackling of slavery’s yoke by very many nations in the post war world, it was resurrected by the aptly named neo-Malthusians, including the likes of Paul Ehlrich (the Population Bomb) and the Paddock Brothers (Famine 1975! America's Decision: Who Will Survive?) Influenced by Soviet ideas, India was the first country to have an official population control policy in 1951. While the numbers would say that the policy hasn’t been successful, India has a population of 1.25 billion, the country has, by serendipity or by plan, reached a stage where the potential of its large population and the structure of it has become an important weapon in the country’s growing economic arsenal. The Demographic dividend, as this weapon is popularly called, depends on the make-up of the population, particularly on the dependency ratio, which is...
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...Demographics of India India does not collect data but according to the CIA World Factbook it estimates the population is 72% Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian, and 3% Mongoloid or other ("India Population 2015"). Eighty percent of the population speaks Hinduism while 13% of the population practice Islam religion (second-largest). Other religious groups include Christian, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains ("India Population 2015"). While India has twenty-eight states, Uttar Pradesh is the largest with 199,581,520 people. Two other states have more than 100 million people – Maharasta (pop: 112.4 million) and Bihar (pop: 103.8 million). The smallest is Sikkim (pop: 607,688). ("India Population 2015"). As of 2015: ("India Population 2015") Population of India 1,309,201,909 Births Per Day 343,305 Median Age 26.94 Years Life Expectancy (Male) 65.76 Years Life Expectancy (Female) 69.33 Years India is a poor country with most of its population living in villages. Depending on the type of work, the individual may make more than the average person. India does not have dollars, they use rupees. Today, the US $1 is equal to 66 rupees in India. Most individuals make anywhere from $150 to $300 (USD) a month to live on. Poor education may contribute to the low pay as keeping children in school through graduation is still an issue and dropout rates continue to be high. Nationally 29 percent of children drop out before completing five years of primary school, and 43 percent before...
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...I always thought that competition is an excellent way to motivate kids. Many times, I made contests in the class, competitions, etc. I always found it that extra bit more fun when I was a student, if I had to compete against some other students.Recently, however, I find that competition is not for everyone. Most students really enjoy the sense of play, the sense of fun in beating or trying to beat their opponent in a silly competition, but for some kids competition evokes the exact opposite effect. Some students just shut down - they don't see the point of playing when they have no chance of winning. I decided to make a list of things I think are good and bad (my pros and cons) about competition in the class. And then accordingly, I would decide whether it's a good idea for a given situation or not such a great plan for the lesson. Pros: 1. Most kids really enjoy the "game" aspect of a competition. Fun = good for learning. 2. This is a great way to get the students to actively participate in the class. They get really involved, and just from the involvement they learn more than they would have by sitting and just passively listening. 3. Great for the bright and fast kids. If they're usually on the border of boredom, a game / competition will get them motivated to start thinking again. 4. Lets students have a sense of success. 5. If done in groups, can really develope comradeship with the other team members. 6. Some students work best under pressure. Competition is the...
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...Research Brief N AT I O N A L D E F E N S E R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U TE China and India The Asian Giants Are Heading Down Different Demographic Paths RAND ReseARch AReAs ChiLDREN AND FAMiLiES EDUCAtiON AND thE ARtS ENERgy AND ENviRONMENt hEALth AND hEALth CARE iNFRAStRUCtURE AND tRANSPORtAtiON iNtERNAtiONAL AFFAiRS LAW AND BUSiNESS NAtiONAL SECURity POPULAtiON AND AgiNg PUBLiC SAFEty SCiENCE AND tEChNOLOgy tERRORiSM AND hOMELAND SECURity C hina and India, the world’s most populous nations, have much in common: Each has more than 1 billion residents; each has sustained an annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate over the past decade that is among the world’s highest—9 percent for China and 7 percent for India; and each has been among the world’s most successful in weathering the storm of the recent global recession. Yet a closer look reveals stark demographic contrasts between the two nations that will become more pronounced in the coming decades. These differences hold implications for China’s and India’s relative economic prospects and point to sharply different challenges ahead for each nation to sustain and build on recent economic growth. Abstract Demographic contrasts between china and India will become more pronounced in the coming decades, and these differences hold implications for the countries’ relative economic prospects. china’s population is larger than India’s, but India’s population is expected to surpass china’s by 2025. chi...
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...in India and Implications for Economic Growth David E. Bloom January 2011 PGDA Working Paper No. 65 http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/pgda/working.htm The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Harvard Initiative for Global Health. The Program on the Global Demography of Aging receives funding from the National Institute on Aging, Grant No. 1 P30 AG024409-06. 1 Population Dynamics in India and Implications for Economic Growth1 David E. Bloom Harvard School of Public Health January 2011 Keywords: Age structure China-India comparison Conditional convergence Demographic dividend Demographic transition Economic growth Economic growth in India Policy reform Population health Population of India Abstract Demographic change in India is opening up new economic opportunities. As in many countries, declining infant and child mortality helped to spark lower fertility, effectively resulting in a temporary baby boom. As this cohort moves into working ages, India finds itself with a potentially higher share of workers as compared with dependents. If working-age people can be productively employed, India’s economic growth stands to accelerate. Theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of demographics on labor supply, savings, and economic growth underpins this effort to understand and forecast economic growth in India. Policy choices can potentiate India’s realization of economic benefits stemming from demographic change...
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...International Conference on Technology and Business Management March 28-30, 2011 India’s Demographic Dividend - Issues and Challenges Arun Ingle P B Suryawanshi inglearun@gmail.com pbsurya@gmail.com Pad. Dr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s Institute of Business Management and Rural Development, Ahmednagar 1. Introduction India is transforming demographically, in which the population of a nation slows down and life expectancy increases, participation of women in labor force and rate of saving increases. India has its own issues like illiteracy, income disparity, gap between haves and have-nots; etc. This study explores demographic dividend in case of India by studying issues and challenges, the policies to be implemented and lessons to be learned from countries like Japan, Ireland and Thailand. By 2025, India will have over 65% population under working class. This is a unique window of opportunity for deploying resources. This study explores the benefits to be realized and the policies to be implemented; now India is well poised for becoming a super economic power. As all developed nations will have older population by 2026, as their population is aging. It means if India can take the advantage of this situation, by proper deployment of resources, by converting the human potential in to engine of economic growth. This period of demographic dividend is an opportunity for overall growth; it’s not the guarantee for improving the standard of living. This window of opportunity...
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...Trend Analysis - Post Demographic Consumerism | Mala Harish ETU20150222 | Abstract: There is a fundamental shift happening in the consumer behavior which is defying the traditional demographic expectation. People belonging to the same demographic are no longer acting in the same way or wanting the same products. Additionally people belonging to a particular demographic are found to be using products and services that were not primarily targeted at them. Consumers are not a big demographic monolith but are becoming more diverse in their needs and wants. This trend is triggered by the increased access to information, products and services, availability of wide variety of products and services and changing socio cultural norms that encourage people to experiment with products and ideas. Appreciating this trend and looking beyond demographics into the behavior and interests of consumers would help marketers to tap into new opportunities and otherwise ignored consumer segments. | [Pick the date] [Pick the date] ------------------------------------------------- Trend Analysis – Post Demographic Consumerism Introduction “Post Demographic Consumerism” is identified as one of the consumer behavior trends for 2015 by the research agency Trend Watching. This paper attempts to study the trend with respect to the market changes in India, which is one of the biggest emerging...
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...Research Brief N AT I O N A L D E F E N S E R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U TE China and India The Asian Giants Are Heading Down Different Demographic Paths RAND ReseARch AReAs ChiLDREN AND FAMiLiES EDUCAtiON AND thE ARtS ENERgy AND ENviRONMENt hEALth AND hEALth CARE iNFRAStRUCtURE AND tRANSPORtAtiON iNtERNAtiONAL AFFAiRS LAW AND BUSiNESS NAtiONAL SECURity POPULAtiON AND AgiNg PUBLiC SAFEty SCiENCE AND tEChNOLOgy tERRORiSM AND hOMELAND SECURity C hina and India, the world’s most populous nations, have much in common: Each has more than 1 billion residents; each has sustained an annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate over the past decade that is among the world’s highest—9 percent for China and 7 percent for India; and each has been among the world’s most successful in weathering the storm of the recent global recession. Yet a closer look reveals stark demographic contrasts between the two nations that will become more pronounced in the coming decades. These differences hold implications for China’s and India’s relative economic prospects and point to sharply different challenges ahead for each nation to sustain and build on recent economic growth. Abstract Demographic contrasts between china and India will become more pronounced in the coming decades, and these differences hold implications for the countries’ relative economic prospects. china’s population is larger than India’s, but India’s population is expected to surpass china’s by 2025. chi...
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...Demographic Complementarities and Outsourcing: Implications for India By: Mukul G. Asher Professor, LKY School of Public Policy National University of Singapore e-mail: sppasher@nus.edu.sg and Research Scholar Department of Economics National University of Singapore e-mail: amarendu@nus.edu.sg Amarendu Nandy May 2006 Draft – Not to be cited without permission The authors would like to thank anonymous referees, Sanjeev Sanyal, Amlan Roy, Anantha Nageswaran and R. Swaminathan for their useful comments. The usual caveat applies. _______________ This is a longer version of the paper prepared for IMRC 2006 conference on Global Competitiveness through Outsourcing: Implications for Services & Manufacturing, Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Bangalore, July 13-15, 2006. Abstract This paper analyses the implications of differing global demographic trends for India’s competitiveness in outsourcing and offshoring. It also briefly notes the implications of differing demographic trends among the Indian states. The paper argues that demographic complementarities with high-income countries provide India with one-time opportunity to sustain its growth rate and occupy all segments of global outsourcing and offshoring activities. India has used the labor cost advantage to gain reasonable market share in these activities. It however faces serious internal and external challenges in sustaining its international competitiveness, particularly with respect to labor cost....
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...2. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION India accounts for only 2.4 % of the world surface areas and yet it supports and sustains 16.2 % of the world population (Figure 2.1). In Other Countries China 1950, China with 21 % share of the India population was the most populous USA Indonesia country followed by India, which had Brazil a share of 14.2 %. It is estimated Pakistan Russian Fed that by 2050, India will overtake Bangladesh China to become the most populous Japan Nigeria country with about 17.2 % of global population. A comparison of some demographic parameters between Source: Reference 2.2 India and some of the neighboring countries is given in Table 2.1. China and Sri Lanka are far ahead of India in all these parameters. Figure 2.1: Population: India and the world Demographic transition 1947-2007 Demographic transition is a global phenomenon. Demographers recognize four phases of demographic transition. In the first phase improved health care technologies and improved access to health care result in reduction in mortality rates but, birth rate continues to be high and therefore population growth occurs. In the second there is reduction in birth rate but the reduction in death rate is higher than reduction in birth rate, as a result population increases. In the third phase, birth rates and death rates are both low; however population growth continues because of a large number of individuals in the reproductive age group. In the fourth phase the ...
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...2014145 Gaurav Nolakha 2014146 Ghanishtha Agrawal 2014147 The slugfest between Germany's Big Three automakers in India has a new winner. After leading the Indian luxury car market for four straight years BMW has dropped to the third position. The new leader is Audi India, followed by Mercedes, which has also moved one place up. Both Audi and Mercedes have been working feverishly to gain better market share in the country. To this end both Audi and Mercedes opened several new dealerships across the country. Mercedes currently has the largest reach as far as service centers and dealerships are concerned. For Audi, its SUV line up has been a strong point as well. Things, however, could easily change for BMW in the coming months due to introduction of new vehicles. BMW recently launched the 2013 7 Series luxury sedan facelift in the country. Furthermore, it has new vehicle launches planned. A report, by TOI, dated 26th August 2014, stated that consumers from smaller towns like Ludhiana, Coimbatore, Surat and Pune are driving online search for luxury cars in India with BMW and Mercedes-Benz emerging as the favourites at the top of the list, tech giant Google said today. According to Google’s trends, conducted between January and August 25, German car makers BMW and Mercedes-Benz were the most searched luxury car brands in India, followed by Tata’s Jaguar and Audi. Smaller cities and towns are now very much part of the mainstream markets with most number...
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...Capitalizing India’s demographic advantage Contents S.no | particular | Page no. | 1 | introduction | | 2 | Stricture of India’s workforce | | 3 | Possible Indian workforce structure by 2020 | | 4 | Comparison of India’s workforce with china china’s workforce | | 5 | Advantages of India’s Demographic Dividend * Cheap labor * Exporting labor force to other countries * Inflow of foreign currency * More Business Activities in Economy * No adverse impact of Recession in Economy * Contribution in Capital Formation * Contribution in Public Revenue * Other advantages of Indian demographic | | Introduction A HAPPY development in recent times has been the increasingly frequent talk about the positive side of our country. Since Independence, we have been generally witnessing only a series of negative cynical comments in the media. As Indians we must be the most self-critical set of people in the world, but this mindset seems to be changing. Among the positive talk has been the reference to India's demographic advantage. We are a billion strong — in the same class as China — and we also have an edge over China. Thirty seven (37) per cent of our population is in the 15-35 years age group against 25 per cent in China.This at a time when developed countries are having a declining population, most of which is becoming increasingly grey. The social security systems...
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...population and it wouldn’t surprise me if one out of every six person in the world is- an Indian. And if one ponders to the question- “what India is doing to stop it?” Then the answer is nothing but make the best use of it, or in other terms capitalising on its demographic advantage. The concern about the size of India’s population has been shown by the intelligent right from the beginning of the present century but active interest in the study of population became pronounced only with the launch of planning for economic and social development after independence. The First Five Year Plan, from the year 1951-56 duly recognized population as an important parameter which requires careful consideration i9n the planning of country’s development. It has been credited to the never-ending poverty, floating illiteracy and falling mortality rate. Though the overtly-populous country has been in the news continuously for a decade now, but it’s all for the right reasons, and especially for how it is taking on its economy to a higher level. India has more than 50% of its population under the age of 25, and around 65% of its population under the age of 35. With a whopping population growth rate, India will soon topple China, by the end of 2030. Since its Independence, India has grown almost three times in its population. The demographic developments in the BRICs over the next 10, 20, 30 years will vary greatly. This will impact not only economic growth prospects, but...
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...WORKING P A P E R Demographic Trends, Policy Influences, and Economic Effects in China and India Through 2025 JULIE DAVANZO, HARUN DOGO, AND CLIFFORD A. GRAMMICH WR-849 April 2011 This product is part of the RAND National Security Research Division working paper series. RAND working papers are intended to share researchers’ latest findings and to solicit informal peer review. They have been approved for circulation by RAND National Security Research Division but have not been formally edited or peer reviewed. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source is clearly referred to as a working paper. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. is a registered trademark. Preface In this paper we compare the recent and likely future demographic situations in China and India and their implications. This is a background paper for the chapter, “Population Trends in China and India: Demographic Dividend or Demographic Drag?. in the RAND report, China And India, 2025: A Comparative Assessment, MG-1009OSD, by Charles Wolf, Jr., Siddhartha Dalal, Julie DaVanzo, Eric V. Larson, Alisher R. Akhmedjonov, Harun Dogo, Meilinda Huang, and Silvia Montoya, and contains some of material referenced therein. The RAND report was done under the sponsorship of the Office of Net Assessment with the objective of understanding how China and India will compare to one...
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