...Chapter I: The Introduction A. Introduction Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that has become a major international public health concern. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), a potentially lethal complication, was first recognized in the 1950’s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand. DHF affects most Asian countries and has become a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. There are four distinct, but closely related, viruses that cause dengue. Recovery from infection by one provides lifelong immunity against that virus but confers only partial and transient protection against subsequent infection by the other three viruses. Sequential infection increases the risk of developing DHF.1 1 “Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever,” World Health Organization, March 2009, 15 Oct. 2011 <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en>. 2 There is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat DHF. For typical dengue, the immediate concern is the relief of symptoms. Adequate fluid intake for proper body hydration and rest is important. All else will depend on the person’s immune system. However, since the Philippines is abundant with herbal medicines, the Tawa Tawa is being touted as an alternative cure to DHF. The Tawa Tawa is described as having numerous flowers which measures about 5 to 8 centimeters each with...
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...of the Study Introduction Cases of Dengue caused by insects especially mosquitoes are increasing year by year. Dengue is a disease caused by any 1 of 4 related dengue viruses. The viruses are transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. There are 2 types of dengue, with dengue hemorrhagic fever being the more severe, and sometimes fatal, though much less common form of the infection. Dengue is endemic in at least 100 countries such as Asia, the Pacific. Dengue cannot be spread directly from person to person, so you can’t catch it from shaking hands, a sneeze, a doorknob or a toilet seat. Dengue is spread from person to person by the bite of an infected mosquito. The mosquito becomes infected with dengue virus when it bites a person who already has the dengue virus in their blood, typically in the time frame just before the infected person starts to have symptoms of the disease. About one week after biting an infected person, the mosquito can transmit the virus while biting a healthy person. A single infected mosquito can infect multiple people, who in turn can infect multiple mosquitoes — and the cycle continues. A bite from a female carrier mosquito can cause you fever, often as high as 104 - 105 degrees Fahrenheit, fatigue, headache, and swollen nymph nodes and might lead to death if it was not treated immediately. A total of 54,659 dengue cases were reported nationwide from January 1 to August 14, 2010, much higher than the recorded 31,248 cases in the...
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...introduction of the emergency department of health sector according to the secondary data that we collected. We also discussed the techniques, strategies and standard operational procedures i.e. SOP’s according to which emergencies should operate. Moreover we also discussed emergency ethics that are the first and foremost base to determine how the doctors are expected to behave with the patients and handle their problems. We have also conducted a primary research by observing and interviewing patients to fill out the survey questions. We have also included overviews of the journals taken from the health institutes in countries like USA, and Europe. It will help us get an insight on how these countries emergency departments are operating. The case study on dengue has been...
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...Philippine health secretary has said that global warming may have contributed to a 43 percent rise in the number of dengue cases in the country for the first half of the year. According to government figures 15,061 cases of the disease in the Philippines were reported in the first six months of the year. "The increase in the number of dengue cases may be attributed to the constantly changing climate brought by global warming as well as congestion in urban areas," health secretary Francisco Duque said. CEBU City Health Officer Estella Ygoña said dengue cases in the city have significantly decreased. The City Epidemiology Surveillance and Statistics Unit (Cessu) has only recorded 1,623 cases from January to November 2011 compared to 2,871 cases in the same period last 2010, or 43.46 percent lower. Dengue fever also known as breakbone fever, is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Dengue viruses are mosquitos-borne viruses which exist in nature as four separate serotypes. Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes. The most efficient vector is the female Aedes aegypti. This mosquito is domestic, day-biting, with low and limited flying movements. Dengue virus is transmitted to man through mosquito bites and is therefore ranked among the arbovirus (arthropodborne virus) diseases. Treatment of dengue virus infections is essentially symptomatic and supportive. There are no specific anti-viral tablets or injections...
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...Consciousness and Awareness of the City in the Dengue Cases during the year 2012-2014 EDWIN B. AZUL JR. MARIA ANGELICA C. LOPEZ Bachelor in Applied Statistics 3-1 Polytechnic University of the Philippines PROF. HERO L. TOLOSA Instructor Abstract The purpose of this case study is to develop the knowledge and raise the awareness of the students as well as the readers regarding the Dengue fever. It also aims to classify and define the general health problems and needs of the patient with an admitting diagnosis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. It will also show the risk factors, manifestations and complications of the disease which will contribute and help in assisting the patient in taking necessary actions to solve and prevent the identified problems of his own. This study evaluates the knowledge and attitude of the students at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila, regarding Dengue. According to the annual statistical data of the patients admitted given by the San Lazaro Hospital, there has been a decrease in Dengue cases from 6,462 in 2012 to 1,923 in 2014. An investigation of whether or not knowledge of dengue translated to positive attitudes and improved preventative measures was conducted. It can be concluded that overall, a good level of knowledge was present among the respondents that corresponds with attitudes and practices directed at reducing the incidence of Dengue. Introduction Dengue fever can be accumulated by the bite of an Aedes...
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...Review Article 539 Dengue Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion—Changa Kurukularatne et al When Less is More: Can We Abandon Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion in Dengue Fever? Changa Kurukularatne,1,2MD, Frederico Dimatatac,1,2MD, Diana LT Teo,3MBBS, MSc, FRCPath, David C Lye,1,2,4 MBBS, FRACP, FAMS, Yee Sin Leo,1,2,5 M.Med (Int Med), FRCP, FAMS Abstract Dengue fever (DF) has several hematological manifestations including thrombocytopenia and increased bleeding risk. Prophylactic platelet transfusion—in the absence of major bleeding—is utilized in DF with thrombocytopenia with the intention of preventing hemorrhagic complications. However, prophylactic platelet transfusion in DF is neither standardized nor supported by clinical evidence. We conclude that risks, costs and poor resource utilization associated with prophylactic platelet transfusion in DF far outweigh any potential hematological benefit, and as such, should not constitute routine clinical practice. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2011;40:539-45 Key words: Thrombocytopenia, Preventitive, Arbovirus, Bleeding, Hemorrhage Introduction Dengue fever (DF) is the most common mosquito-borne human viral illness worldwide, and has rapidly spread to reach hyper-endemic proportions in the urban tropics over the last quarter of a century.1 With an estimated 2.5 billion people at risk and a global annual incidence of 50 million cases, DF has been identified as an example of a potential international public health emergency.2...
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...DENGUE FEVER REMEDY Pawpaw (Papaya) Leaf Juice Is A Natural Cure For Dengue Fever Remedy: Two (2) pieces of raw Pawpaw (Papaya) leaves. Clean the leaves and pound and squeeze with a filter cloth. You will only get one tablespoon of juice per leaf. So, take two (2) tablespoons of Pawpaw (Papaya) leaf juice once a day. Do not boil, or cook, or rinse the leaves with hot water, as it will lose its strength. Use only the leafy part of the Pawpaw (Papaya) plant, and not the stem or sap. The juice is very bitter, and you have to swallow it. But it works. Simple and Effective – blend the leaves, squeeze the juice, drink immediately. Case Studies: 1. Male student was in a critical condition in the intensive care unit, when his blood platelet count dropped to 15, after a blood transfusion of 15-litres. The boy’s father was so worried that he sought a friend’s recommendation, and his son was saved. He gave his son the raw juice of the Pawpaw (Papaya) leaves. From a platelet count of 45 (after a blood transfusion of 20-litres), and after drinking the raw Pawpaw (Papaya) leaf juice, his platelet count jumped instantly to 135. Even the doctors and nurses were surprised. After two days in hospital, the boy was discharged. 2. Adult female had a very serious case of Dengue Fever, her platelet count had dropped to 28,000 after 3 days in hospital, and water had started to fill up her lungs, causing difficulty with breathing. She was only 32 years old. Her doctor said there was no cure for...
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...Dengue-Aid is a potent herbal supplement in capsules which is taken from pure extracts from the Euphorbia hirta Linn herbs which is commonly known as “Tawa-Tawa” by the local residents in the Philippines. It had been associated mainly in helping dengue fever victims recover quickly from the viral infection. Tawa-Tawa (Euphorbia hirta Linn) or Asthma Weed is a bushy,slender-stemmed plant that grows up to a height of two inches and has several tiny flowers bunched together with opposite rhombus leaves, which have a toothed margin. This plant had been used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory tract problems, laryngeal spasm, ulcerated cornea and conjunctivitis. It is believed by many that it can augment blood platelet count in the body which is normally low among all dengue fever patients, hence, many native boil its leaves and drink it as a tea. Read more Tawa-Tawa (Euphorbia hirta Linn) Herbal Plant Tawa-Tawa had been widely known to be used as a decoction for dengue fever victims due to its profound properties on increasing the body’s blood platelet count which is normally low once an individual is under this serious viral infection. A few research study shows that Tawa-Tawa shows that it is effective in increasing the body’s blood platelet count upon regular intake as post-test reveals significant increase in the platelet count compared to the pretest results conducted on the experimental group. What Makes Dengue-Aid the Best? * Unlike other herbal capsules which...
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...Europe’s journal on infectious disease epidemiolog y, prevention and control Special edition: Chikungunya and Zika virus October 2014 Featuring • Spread of chikungunya from the Caribbean to mainland Central and South America: a greater risk of spillover in Europe? • Aspects of Zika virus transmission • Cases of chikungunya virus infection in travellers returning to Spain from Haiti or Dominican Republic, April-June 2014 www.eurosurveillance.org Editorial team Editorial advisors Based at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 171 83 Stockholm, Sweden Albania: Alban Ylli, Tirana Telephone number Belgium: Sophie Quoilin, Brussels +46 (0)8 58 60 11 38 E-mail eurosurveillance@ecdc.europa.eu Editor-in-chief Ines Steffens Austria: Reinhild Strauss, Vienna Belgium: Koen De Schrijver, Antwerp Bosnia and Herzogovina: Nina Rodić Vukmir, Banja Luka Bulgaria: Mira Kojouharova, Sofia Croatia: Sanja Musić Milanović, Zagreb Cyprus: to be nominated Czech Republic: Bohumir Križ, Prague Denmark: Peter Henrik Andersen, Copenhagen Senior editor Estonia: Kuulo Kutsar, Tallinn Kathrin Hagmaier Finland: Outi Lyytikäinen, Helsinki Scientific editors Karen Wilson Williamina Wilson France: Judith Benrekassa, Paris Germany: Jamela Seedat, Berlin Greece: Rengina Vorou, Athens Hungary: Ágnes Csohán, Budapest Assistant editors Iceland: Haraldur Briem, Reykjavik Alina Buzdugan Ireland: Lelia Thornton...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The papaya, papaw, or pawpaw is the fruit of the plant Carica papaya, the sole species in the genus Carica of the plant family Caricaceae. It is native to the tropics of the Americas, perhaps from southern Mexico and neighbouring Central America. It was first cultivated in Mexico several centuries before the emergence of the Mesoamerican classical civilizations. Papaya leaves contains coumarin, papain and iron which are the three main essentials that increase blood platelets. Dengue viruses, mosquito-borne members of the Flaviviridae family, are the causative agents of dengue fever. Dengue is the most important emerging viral disease of humans that in recent decades has become a major international public health concern. There is a widespread of dengue cases in every corner of our country. Many people can’t afford to go to hospitals just to get medical assistance especially indigent families. Therefore because of the expensive disbursement in prestigious hospitals such as medicines needed to cure dengue, affected people die without being aided. Most people know about papayas but not many know about the amazing health benefits of Papaya Leaves. Papaya Leaves contain powerful healing compounds that are very important for great health and vitality... and for curing cancer and dengue fever. With the rising number of people catching dengue fever, the demand for papaya leaf juice has soared. The extract of raw papaya leaf...
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...Possibility of Papaya (Carica papaya) Leaf Extract to Increase Platelet Count Background of the Study Nowadays, many people especially children under the age of 15 are suffering from dengue hemorrhagic fever with about 2.5 billion (2/5 of the world population) are at risk and 50 million are infected worldwide annually, and a mortality rate ranging from 1 percent to 2.5 percent, for those who receive treatment. For those without treatment, the death rate could be 20 percent or higher. This viral illness is cause by a bite from a female Aedes Aegypti which lives in places that store water such as in the tires, bottles and cans. Dengue lowers the number of platelets in the blood and it may lead to bleeding or death since it cannot supply clotting due to thrombocytopenia (lower than normal number of platelets in the blood). In the Philippines, dengue is now one of the leading causes of the increase of mortality rate. It is the seventh leading cause of death in the country with more than 60,000 cases hospitalized and nearly 500 others died as of the year 2010 and it is said that it was the highest percentage ever recorded in the history of this problem in the country. It is thought to increase until the present time especially that today, weather is changing and El Niño phenomenon is occurring very often. Hence, the researchers came up of an idea on how to increase the number of platelets...
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...(Mentha) as the components of homemade Mosquito Repellent Floor wax.." In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements In Biotechnology (Science Investigatory Project) Submitted to Ms. Madonna Decena Biotechnology Teacher Negros Occidental National Science High School Faculty Submitted by Trevorha Kyle M. Basillote Leah Jeanette M. Lozano Lyrah Mae D. Enoc Jhanna C. Flores Nicole L. Constantino Mahonri A. Alquisalas January 26, 2016 Victorias City Background of the study The population of our country are mostly composed of students. And one of the responsibility of a student is to clean their school or classroom to be specific. They tend to use (commercial) floor wax to have a clean and shiny floor. So we decided to make a floor wax which is very affordable and can give an equal quality as the commercial can, using mainly banana peel, gasoline and candles. Some people get allergic reactions to the chemical contents of commercialize floor wax. At the same time the dengue cases in our country are still relevant. Aside from making a natural and affordable floor wax, we added a content of mosquito repellent which is the mint leaves extract. The banana is an edible fruit, botanically a berry, produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. We use banana peels as one of the main components of our floor wax because it gives "slippery effect" for greater friction. On the other hand, we use Mint Leaves Extract for Mosquito Repellent...
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...entitled "Dengue Fever Cure using Tawa tawa" (released The month of January 2010, utilized July 2010), creates, "many individuals understand and also have attested in order to the truth that these people and many more happen to be healed associated with dengue using a simple grass. This particular grass is known as Gatas Gatas within the land associated with Leyte. However in Butuan and Cagayan de Oro these people call this “Tawa Tawa” · At the same time, a wesite upon Filipino therapeutic grass offers the organic category associated with Tawa Tawa grass as well as explains which, "its blossoms tend to be several, each about 5 to 8 cm across. Sepals as well as petals tend to be obovate-oblong, yellowish-green, as well as protected along with big, reddish-brown smears” The effectiveness of Tawa Tawa Plant · One of the studies proving Tawa Tawa's efficacy is an investigatory project entitled "The Effectivity of Euphorbia hirta L. (Tawa-tawa), Prepared in Teabag Form, on Increasing Platelet Levels in Mus musculus (White Mice)." The said science project won the Student Research Presentation sponsored by the College of Agriculture atXavier University - Ateneo de Cagayan in thePhilippines. · The said project, as the title suggests, probes on increasing blood platelet levels using Tawa Tawa plant. For the sake of conducting the actual research, students used white mice as their subject of experiment. Tawa Tawa Tea for Dengue Treatment ...
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...Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 557–740 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Associate Editors Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Ermias Belay, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Sharon Bloom, Atlanta, GA, USA Mary Brandt, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Corrie Brown, Athens, Georgia, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Michel Drancourt, Marseille, France Paul V. Effler, Perth, Australia David Freedman, Birmingham, Alabama, USA Peter Gerner-Smidt, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Stephen Hadler, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Nina Marano, Nairobi, Kenya Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA J. Glenn Morris, Gainesville, Florida, USA Patrice Nordmann, Fribourg, Switzerland Didier Raoult, Marseille, France Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Ronald M. Rosenberg, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Frank Sorvillo, Los Angeles, California, USA David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA Senior Associate Editor, Emeritus Brian W.J. Mahy, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, UK Managing Editor Byron Breedlove, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Copy Editors Claudia Chesley, Laurie Dietrich, Karen Foster, Thomas Gryczan, Jean Michaels Jones, Shannon O’Connor, P. Lynne Stockton Production William Hale, Barbara Segal, Reginald Tucker Editorial Assistant Jared Friedberg Communications/Social Media Sarah Logan Gregory Founding Editor Joseph E. McDade, Rome, Georgia, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases...
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...CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION,ANALYSIS,AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Presentation : A herbal plant , Tawa-tawa had a report that it can cure dengue fever. According to the article from Dr. Willie T. Ong entitled “Treatment for Dengue” which was published on The Philippine STAR, there is no specific drug to kill the dengue virus. However, doctors can employ various supportive measures to strengthen the body so that it can recover from the disease. Here's how we do it : 1. Patients are encouraged to drink lots of water to keep the body's water at an optimum level. If needed, doctors give dextrose fluid to prevent dehydration. 2. Monitoring of blood count. Doctors check the hematocrit and platelet count regularly to see if there is a need to transfuse blood components. 3. Consider giving medicines to prevent ulcer, since bleeding is a possibility. 4. Encourage the patient to eat regularly, specifically soft, easily digestible foods. Patients are advised to avoid eating dark colored foods, because we need to monitor the stool's color. (Black stools means blood for doctors.) 5. Tawa Tawa plant might help. In the Philippines, many patients are using Tawa Tawa plants to treat dengue. The Department of Health is still studying the effectiveness of this plant, and has raised concern over the possibility of toxicity with over dosage. However, doctors would usually allow patients to drink it if you ask their permission first. Here's how to prepare Tawa Tawa: (1) Take...
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