...Topic Description Assignment 3 "Market Model Patterns of Change" Choose and research a specific business that is publicly traded where there has been a pattern of change in a particular market model (monopoly, oligopoly, etc.). Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you: 1. Describe the business and explain the general pattern of change of the particular market model indicating how this change is likely to impact business operations. 2. Hypothesize the basic short-run and long-run behaviors of the model in the business you have chosen in a “market economy.” Provide support for your assumptions and conclusions. 3. Explain the major factors that affect the degree of competitiveness in your business. Use the data to develop at least three (3) measures (e.g., productivity measures) to show how the industry is evolving. Provide evidence supporting your rationale. 4. Research two of the business’ closest competitors to determine the pricing strategy for each business indicating how knowledge of this information may influence pricing decisions in your business. Provide support for your rationale. 5. Recommend a pricing policy for the business you chose. Assess how your pricing policy maximizes profits for the business. Provide support for your rationale. 6. Use at least three (3) high-quality academic resources in this assignment. •Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s...
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...Assignment #2- Market Model and Patterns of Change Submitted by: Chivonne Casey Strayer University Instructor: Professor Young Dimpkah Course: ECO 550-Managerial Economics and Globalization Date: August 1, 2012 1. Describe the industry and explain the general pattern of change of the particular market model. I chose to talk about the music recording industry. The music industry is a complicated system of several different companies and firms that have gone through and adapted too many changes as time went on. The music industry is concerned with the profits gained from the actions of companies that tackle production, distribution, and publication of music worldwide (MarketResearch.com, 2012). In the recording industry, music is made of up of several different genres, styles and or techniques. Recently the industry has experience a wave of new technology with music downloads. Consumers can download songs view the internet using iTunes or an iPod. It benefits everyone involved because you are still purchasing the music in another form. The industry has suffered since napster entered the market with free music sharing amongst users. Lawsuits, piracy protection, and finger pointing have gotten the music industry nowhere as sales has continue to drop drastically. Consumers blame the industry for not developing talent that is in anyway interesting. They are producing music that is manufactured at the least bit interesting at times. 2. Hypothesize...
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...products for consumption. The technical definition also implies that organizations are more stable than an informal group, are formal legal entities, and are social structures. The behavioral definition states that an organization is a collection of rights, privileges, obligations, and responsibilities that are delicately balanced over a period of time through conflict and conflict resolution. This definition highlights the people within the organization, their ways of working, and their relationships. The technical definition shows us how a firm combines capital, labor, and information technology. The behavioral definition examines how information technology impacts the inner workings of the organization. Identify and describe the features of organizations that help explain differences in organizations’ use of information systems. Common features for organizations include: Routines and business processes: Standard operating procedures have been developed that allow the organization to become productive and efficient thereby reducing costs over time. Organizational politics: Divergent viewpoints about how resources, rewards, and punishments should be distributed bring about political resistance to organization...
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...Assignment 1: Market Models Patterns of Change. 1. Describe the industry and explain the general pattern of change of the particular market model. The industry I would like to write about is the Health care industry. The degree to which individuals entry to the health care system is dependent on the wants, resources, and needs that individuals bring to the care-seeking process. Ability to obtain wanted or needed services may be influenced by many factors, including travel distance, waiting time, available financial resources, and availability of a regular source of care. (Turnock, 2001) Most countries are facing the challenge of growing healthcare demand with limited available resources. The cost of pharmaceuticals is particularly in focus since the growth in expenditure has been greater than for other healthcare components, and will accelerate with increased prevalence of chronic diseases combined with the continued launch of new expensive medicines. Consequently, various strategies have been applied in pharmaceutical policymaking to influence the quality and efficiency of prescribing, including positive and negative financial incentives, educational interventions, prescribing targets and regulatory changes. Financial incentives can be used to reduce the use of healthcare resources, improve compliance with practice guidelines or achieve general health targets. Allocating drug budgets to doctors has been suggested as an effective method to influence physicians and increase...
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...1. Describe the industry and explain the general pattern of change of the particular market model Health insurance in the United States providers represent competitive market because they are numerous, variety of choices, and no single entity has much power over prices. The health insurance can be considered as rapid growth industry. Recently, this industry is transforming in a rapid way and evolving into an oligopoly. Insurance markets in many states are eventually controlled and dominated by a few large firms. There were more than five hundred health insurers involved mergers between 1998 and 2008 (Bakhtiari, 2010). Although there are hundreds of small insurance companies operating in the market, the industry Led by WellPoint, 12 health plans cover two-thirds of the enrollment in the U.S. commercial-insurance market (Bloomberg News, 2010). An analyst's report cited in the article predicts there will be 100 insurers with around 200,000 members could be forced out of business. Smaller insurers are increasingly unable to invest in the infrastructure and technology to effectively manage care (Bakhtiari, 2010). However, mergers have been the main power rather than small insurers going out of business. 2. Hypothesize the basic short-run and long-run behaviors of the model in the industry you have chosen in a “market economy” This paper uses Kinked-Demand theory of oligopoly; there is no single theory that explains oligopoly behavior. The kinked demand model assumes that if...
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...1. Describe the business and explain the general pattern of change of the particular market model indicating how this change is likely to impact business operations. I chose to talk about the music recording industry. The music industry is a complicated system of several different companies and firms that have gone through and adapted to many changes as time went on. The music industry is concerned with the profits gained from the actions of companies that tackle production, distribution, and publication of music worldwide (MarketResearch.com, 2012). In the recording industry, music is made of up of several different genres, styles and or techniques. Recently the industry has experience a wave of new technology with music downloads. Consumers can download songs view the internet using iTunes or an iPod. It benefits everyone involved because you are still purchasing the music in another form. The industry has suffered since napster entered the market with free music sharing amongst users. Lawsuits, piracy protection, and finger pointing have gotten the music industry nowhere as sales has continue to drop drastically. Consumers blame the industry for not developing talent that is in anyway interesting. They are producing music that is manufactured at the least bit interesting at times. 2. Hypothesize the basic short-run and long-run behaviors of the model in the business you have chosen in a “market economy.” Provide support for your assumptions and conclusions. The basic short...
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...1. Describe the industry and explain the general pattern of change of the particular market model Health insurance in the United States providers represent competitive market because they are numerous, variety of choices, and no single entity has much power over prices. The health insurance can be considered as rapid growth industry. Recently, this industry is transforming in a rapid way and evolving into an oligopoly. Insurance markets in many states are eventually controlled and dominated by a few large firms. There were more than five hundred health insurers involved mergers between 1998 and 2008 (Bakhtiari, 2010). Although there are hundreds of small insurance companies operating in the market, the industry Led by WellPoint, 12 health plans cover two-thirds of the enrollment in the U.S. commercial-insurance market (Bloomberg News, 2010). An analyst's report cited in the article predicts there will be 100 insurers with around 200,000 members could be forced out of business. Smaller insurers are increasingly unable to invest in the infrastructure and technology to effectively manage care (Bakhtiari, 2010). However, mergers have been the main power rather than small insurers going out of business. 2. Hypothesize the basic short-run and long-run behaviors of the model in the industry you have chosen in a “market economy” This paper uses Kinked-Demand theory of oligopoly; there is no single theory that explains oligopoly behavior. The kinked demand model assumes that if...
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...organization to the analysis of international trade. The new models of trade that emerged from that work didn’t supplant traditional trade theory so much as supplement it, creating an integrated view that made sense of aspects of world trade that had previously posed major puzzles. The “new trade theory” – an unfortunate phrase, now quite often referred to as “the old new trade theory” – also helped build a bridge between the analysis of trade between countries and the location of production within countries. In this paper I will try to retrace the steps and, perhaps even more important, the state of mind that made this intellectual transformation possible. At the end I’ll also ask about the relevance of those once-revolutionary insights in a world economy that, as I’ll explain, is arguably more classical now than it was when the revolution in trade theory began. 1. TRADE PUZZLES In my first year as an assistant professor, I remember telling colleagues that I was working on international trade theory – and being asked why on earth I would want to do that. “Trade is such a monolithic field,” one told me. “It’s a finished structure, with nothing interesting left to do.” Yet even before the arrival of new models, there was an undercurrent of dissatisfaction with conventional trade theory. I used to think of the propagation of this dissatisfaction as the trade counterculture. There were even some underground classics. In particular, Staffan Burenstam Linder’s An Essay on Trade and Transformation...
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... August 5, 2012 1. Describe the industry and explain the general pattern of change of the particular market model. The restaurant Industry in Greenville, SC currently seems to be a monopolistic competition. Monopolistic Competition means that there are many small firms, no barriers of entry, each firm is convinced that their brand id better than the other and there is not a homogenius product. The pattern of change seems to be moving from left to right. Greenville started with a few restaurants and continues to grow each month. The more research that is done, the closer the scale is shifting from left to right. Oligapoly means that few a few firms produce 80% of the market, products can be very different and strategic behavior is at play. Strategic behavior is at play because competition is the value, it can bring benefits and it can also lead to violation if the market is not watched closely. 2. Hypothesize the basic short-run and long-run behaviors of the model in the industry you have chosen in a “market economy.” The short-run behaviors in the restaurant industry would be the reactions to inflation and deflation within the economy. The long-term behaviors would be how the scales are shifting from right to left or from left to right. 3. Analyze at least three (3) possible areas for the industry that could lead to transaction costs, and explain each in detail. There is a lot of cost incorporated with the restaurant industry. Such cost include the ability...
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...F.Y.B.A. Paper – I Economic Theory (Micro Economics-I) SECTION – I Module 1 : Introduction Meaning, nature, scope, significance and limitations of micro economics. Ceteris Paribus – use and significance. Concept and types of equilibrium : stable, unstable, static and dynamic equilibrium – partial equilibrium and general equilibrium, positive economics and normative economics, managerial economics. Basic concepts – wealth, welfare and scarcity. Basic tools of economics analysis (equations and functions, graphs and diagrams, slope and intercepts) Module 2 : Consumers Behaviour and Demand Marishallian Approach : Equi-marginal utility, Law of demand – Determinants of demand. Elasticity of demand and its measurement. Price – Income – Cross and Promotional elasticity of demand. Consumer’s Surplus. Hicksian Approach : Indifference curves – properties of Indifference Curve, Consumer’s Equilibrium, Price effect, Income effect and substitution effect – Derivation of demand from Price Consumption Curve (PCC) – Giffen’s paradox. Samuelson Approach : Revealed Preference Theory. Module 3 : Production and Cost Analysis Concept of production function : short run and long run – Cobb – Douglass production function. isoquants – iso-cost line – producer’s equilibrium. Law of variable proportion and Law of returns to scale – Economies of scale – Economies of scope. Concepts of costs : Money and real cost, Opportunity cost, Social cost, Private cost – Derivation of short run and long run cost curves–...
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...INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS OF THE FIRM-A MODEL OF KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT AND INCREASING FOREIGN MARKET COMMITMENTS JAN JOHANSON' Center of International Business Studies University of Uppsala JAN-ERIK VAHLNE' Institute of International Business Stockholm School of Economics Abstract. O n the basis of empirical research, a model of the internationalization process of the firm is developed. The model fccuses on the gradual acquisition, integration and use of knowledge about foreign markets and operations, and on the incrementally increasing commitments to foreign markets. In particular, attention is concentrated on the increasing involvement in the individual foreign country. ' , .?.. . ' 1 .ti-. ;,..,, ,--.7p.p. . & , Several studies of international business have indicated that internationalization of the firms is a process in which the firms gradually increase their international involvement. It seems reasonable to assume that, within the frame of economic and business factors, the characteristics of this process influence the pattern and pace of internationalization of firms. In this paper we develop a model of the internationalization process of the firm that focuses on the development of the individual firm, and particularly on its gradual acquisltion, integration, and use of knowledge about foreign markets and operations, and on its successively increasing commitment to foreign markets. The basic assumptions of the model are that lack of such knowledge...
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...January 27th, 2012 Vida Love Griffin Dr. Grace Onodipe ECO 550 Assignment 1: Market Models Patterns of Change. The Tobacco Industry Describe the industry. Unit 1: History & Economics of Tobacco: History of Tobacco states that, “Tobacco has a long history in the Americas. The Mayan Indians of Mexico carved drawing in stone showing tobacco use. These drawings date back to somewhere between 600 to 900 A.D. Tobacco was grown by American Indians before the Europeans came from England, Spain, France, and Italy to North America. Native American smoke tobacco though a pipe for special religious and medical purposes. They did not smoke every day. Tobacco was the first crop grown for money in North America. In 1612 the sellers of the first American colony in Jamestown, Virginia grew tobacco as a cash crop. By the 1800s, many people have begun use in small amounts of tobacco. Some chewed it. Others smoked it occasionally and a pipe or they hand rolled cigarette or cigar. On the average, people smoked about 40...
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...Describe the industry and explain the general pattern of change of the particular market model. Industry: telecommunications. For the purposes of this assignment, I will limit my discussion to what had been known as “phone service” and not broadcast entities (TV, radio, etc...) nor shall I dwell on the so-called Cable industry. The analysis shall also be primarily focused on the domestic market. Throughout the world, historically the communication industry has overwhelmingly been a monopoly. This was also true in the United States. As AT&T evolved from the late 19th century, except for a year as a nationalized company, existed as a national monopoly. In the so- called Progressive era of the 1910’s, the idea that a natural monopoly would be more efficient and economical than competing systems took hold. The idea of universal service, with rural rates being lower than urban rates (price discrimination). While never a “true” monopoly, with its substantial market share, and restrictions on connecting non-Western Electric equipment to its network, AT&T operated as one. The barriers to entry were primarily economic, the expensive right-of-way access and materials for wired connectivity being first among them. The restriction of un approved devices not being allowed on the AT&T network, limited interconnecting between competitors as well as additional connection & maintenance fees contributed to its dominance. As a monopoly, there were limited phone styles, and little need for deep...
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...listed in its recommended teaching order, rather than in numerical order. Indicative Content: 1.1.1 Explain the business organisation as a transformation process: • Business organisations undergo a transformation process from inputs into outputs, using physical inputs plus finance and skills to produce both goods and services. • Use examples from both manufacturing and service sector organisations to illustrate the process. 1.1.2 Describe the different ways in which a business may structure its activities: • Organisational structures can be based on the functions of the organisation, its product ranges, or geographical regions. Alternatively some less hierarchical organisations may use a matrix structure, especially if the firm is project based. 1.2.1 Discuss the complexity, volatility and uniqueness of an organisation's environment: • The organisation in its environment has to face a wide range of internal and external influences which affect business activity. • The immediate or operational environment interacts with suppliers, competitors, the labour market and financial institutions. • The general or contextual environment consists of economic, political, legal, and social factors. Each functional area of the organisation may be affected. • Whilst organisations have some control over their internal environment, the external environment is more volatile (e.g. technological change), and wide ranging and this makes decision making more difficult. • The uniqueness of organisations...
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...2 2.1 The General Environment The General Environment 2.2 Scanning, Monitoring, and Forecasting Changes in the Environment 2.3 Scenario Planning 2.4 PEST Analysis 2.5 SWOT Analysis 2.6 The General and the Competitive Environments Key Work Strategic decision making under conditions of uncertainty Key Work Strategic inflection points and their impact on strategy Tools and Techniques Writing a PEST analysis Tools and Techniques Undertaking scenario planning ➜ Main Reference Schoemaker, P.J.H. (1995). Scenario planning: a tool for strategic thinking. Sloan Management Review, 36(2), 25. Learning Objectives After completing this chapter you should be able to: • Define what constitutes the general environment • Evaluate the role of scanning and monitoring in detecting environmental trends • Apply scenario planning to decision making in uncertain environments • Evaluate PEST as a framework for analysing the macro-environment • Explain the use of SWOT analysis • Evaluate the relationship between the general and the competitive environment 37 Introduction In the previous chapter we looked at what strategy is and introduced a number of different perspectives on strategy formulation. We addressed the importance of values in determining why an organization exists, and looked at how an organization’s values, its vision, and its mission guide individuals’ behaviour by signposting what is important to the organization. We explained the importance...
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