...PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL FOR REDUCING MANUFACTURING THROUGHPUT TIME Amey Dhar Dubey (fy7096) Arpit Sharma (fe2365) Bhavditya Sisodiya (fw6052) College of Engineering Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan ABSTRACT This paper scans the present state of Production Planning and Control (PPC) regarding the manufacturing industry. PPC needs to undergo internal and external changes by being more dynamic and properly utilizing resources and delivery performance. In order for this to happen, the concept of crashing much be applied to better understand of how different factors affect PPC systems performance. Crashing is reduces project time by overlapping or performing two or more different steps simultaneously using additional resources (PM PrepCast). Crashing the network is the reduction of project duration by contracting and compressing the network at minimum cost. Project duration can often be reduced by appointing more labours to project activities. However, when appointing more labours, the project cost increases due to overtime and more resources being used. Time and cost requirement must be balanced to reduce project duration. The gist of this paper covers production time, along with the cost applying the concept of crashing. In addition, time management with optimum cost is vital for any project. A method to obtain optimum cost and project duration minimization is outlined. This is achieved by fully crashing the critical path or by removing non-added...
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...management can be defined as the planning, scheduling, and control of the activities that transform inputs into finished goods and services. In other words, it is ‘a field of study that focuses on the effective planning , scheduling, use, and control of a manufacturing or service organisation through the study of concepts from design engineering, industrial engineering, and management information systems, quality management, production management, accounting, and other functions as the affect the operation. Operations management concerns making the most efficient use of whatever resources an organisation to provide the finished goods or services that its customer need on time and cost effective manner. Operations management is related with the strategy of the organisation. In this coursework, we will demonstrate the relationship between the operations management and the strategy of the organisation with the help of a corporate entity. The corporate entity chosen is McDonald's Corporation. McDonald's Corporation is the world's largest chain of fast-food restaurants. The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by siblings Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California. Today McDonald's restaurants are found in 120 countries and around the world and serve nearly 54 million customers each day. Product Planning Organisations exist to provide products and services which can be purchased by other organisations or an individual. Therefore planning of products and services...
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...Topic 1 I Operations Management 1 List of Key Topics 1. Introduction to Operations Management 2. Performance Objectives & Operations Strategy 3. The Design of Products and Services 4. Facilities Location 5. Demand Forecasting and Capacity Management 6. Process Types 7. Facilities Layout and Flow 8. Process Design and Technology 9. Performance Improvement o Operations Management All organizations have an operations function Operations Function of an Airline – Fly passengers Operations Function of a Hotel – To provide accommodation 1 Operations Management is broad term for a range of activities to ensure that function is carried out efficiently and effectively The Evolution of Operations Management The Production Era; The Sales Era; The Marketing Era Operations differ in terms of The Volume of their output The Variety of their output The Variation of their output The Visibility which customers have of the process 2 Topic 2 Performance Objectives & Operations Strategy The Systems Approach 1 Synistanai – “bring together” or “combine” 2 Bringing together a set of interrelated parts to accomplish a set of objectives. 3 4 Transformational Model 5 Inputs Transformation Outputs 6 7 Operations Performance Objectives Quality – Doing things...
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...the building grounds, namely, athletic fields, playgrounds, areas for outdoor learning, and vehicular access and parking. The school facility is much more than a passive container of the educational process: it is, rather, an integral component of the conditions of learning. The layout and design of a facility contributes to the place experience of students, educators, and community members. Depending on the quality of its design and management, the facility can contribute to a sense of ownership, safety and security, personalization and control, privacy as well as sociality, and spaciousness or crowdedness. When planning, designing, or managing the school facility, these facets of place experience should, when possible, be taken into consideration. Constructing New Facilities During strategic long-range educational planning, unmet facility space needs often emerge. The goal of educational planning is to develop, clarify, or review the educational mission, vision, philosophy, curriculum, and instructional delivery. Educational planning may involve a variety of school and community workshops and surveys to identify and clarify needs and sharpen the vision of the district. Long-range planning activities, such as demographic studies, financing options, site...
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...LESSON 8 PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL Abha Kumar STRUCTURE 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Introduction Objectives Production management Product design Design of production system 8.4.1 Types of production system 8.5 Manufacturing process 8.5.1 Types of manufacturing process 8.5.2 Factors affecting the choice of manufacturing process 8.6 Production planning and control 8.6.1 Benefits to small entrepreneur 8.6.2 Steps of production planning and control 8.7 Summary 8.8 Glossary 8.9 Self-Assessment Questions 8.10 Further Readings 8.0 INTRODUCTION After taking decisions about the type of business, its location, layout etc. the entrepreneur steps into the shoe of production manager and attempts to apply managerial principles to the production function in an enterprise. Production is a process whereby raw material is converted into semi finished products and thereby adds to the value of utility of products, which can be measured as the difference between the value of inputs and value of outputs. Production function encompasses the activities of procurement, allocation and utilization of resources. The main objective of production function is to produce the goods and services demanded by the customers in the most efficient and economical way. Therefore efficient management of the production function is of utmost importance in order to achieve this objective. 114 8.1 OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you should be able to • • • • • • • Describe the production function and...
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...Operations Management (McDonalds Case Study) INTRODUCTION - OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT: Operations management can be defined as the planning, scheduling , and control of the activities that transform inputs into finished goods and services. In other words, it is ‘a field of study that focuses on the effective planning , scheduling, use, and control of a manufacturing or service organisation through the study of concepts from design engineering, industrial engineering, and management information systems, quality management, production management, accounting, and other functions as the affect the operation.’ (APICS Dictionary, 1995) Operations management concerns making the most efficient use of whatever resources an organisation has so as to provide the finished goods or services that its customer need in a timely and cost effective manner. (Barnett ,1996). Operations management is related with the strategy of the organisation. In this coursework, we will demonstrate the relationship between the operations management and the strategy of the organisation with the help of a corporate entity. The corporate entity chosen is McDonald's Corporation. COMPANY BACKGROUND McDonald's Corporation is the world's largest chain of fast-food restaurants. The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by siblings Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California. Their introduction of the "Speedee Service System" in 1948 established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant...
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...Production is an organized activity. 2. The system transforms the various inputs into useful outputs. 3. Production system does not operate in isolation from the other organizational systems. 4. There exists a feed back about the activities which is essential to control and improve system proformation. 3. Define production management: “Production management deals with the decision making related to production process of that the resulting goods and service is produced according to specifications in the amounts and at the scheduled demanded and at minimum cost” – Elwood Butta. 4. What are the difference between production management and operation management? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Production mgmt It is concerned with manufacturing Out put is tangible In this, job useless labour and more equipment There is no customer participation 1. 2. 3. 4. Operation mgmt It is concerned with services Output is intangible In this, job use more labour and less equipment Frequent customer participation What are the functions of production mgmt? 1. Production planning 2. Production control 1 3. Factory building 4. Provision of plant services 5. Plant layout 6. Physical Environment 7. Method study 8. Inventory control 9. Quality control 10. Product department 6. Different classification/types of production: 1. Intermittent production 1.1. 1.2. Job or unit production Batch or quantity production 2. Continuous or mass production 3. Flexible manufacturing system (FMS) 4. Computer Integrated manufacturing...
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...Systems Design What is a System? Give examples. A set of components working together for a common objective Information Systems (Web-based) H/w, S/W, people, Data, Procedures, Web-portals What is SDLC? Systems Planning, Systems analysis, systems design, systems development, implementation, maintenance IS alignment IS Success IS usage User satisfaction Information waste IS enabled Competitive advantage Orgl change Orgl learning TAM Easy to use Perceived personal usefulness Web-based Information System Banner – Assess the levels of Flexibility Stakeholders What is Systems Design? Input design Output Design Interface design Database Technology – Network architecture, Communications Technology Flexible Systems Design for Web-based IS? Examples: Banner, Amazon.com, Dell.com – Identify the systems design elements Flexible Systems Design for Web based Information Systems (Research) BOM changes affect MRP In the Banner system, what are the changes that could occur? How do we respond to these changes? Interviews them Users – Students, Registrar (Shannon), Dean, etc. Designers / Planners – Gary Administration - Explore the dimensions – Extent, Options, cost, easy, Range, etc. Gain more insight by getting more examples. • Application architecture Design • Interface design (User/ System) • Database • Network • Prototype • Systems controls Case...
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...loss or damage caused by any error or omission, whether such error or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause. Any and all such liability is disclaimed. Contents 1: Introducing Project Management for Capital Works Projects 3 1.1 Overview 3 1.2 Project Management Principles for Capital Works Management Framework 3 1.3 Influencing Factors 3 1.4 Managing the Project Programme 3 1.5 Administrative Procedures 3 2: Project Execution Plan 3 2.1 Role of the Project Execution Plan 3 2.1 Project Execution Plan Content 3 2.2 Detailed Project Execution Plan Content 3 3: Project Roles and Responsibilities 3 3.1 Project Teams 3 3.2 Management Team: Roles and Responsibilities 3 3.3 Design Team: Roles and Responsibilities 3 3.4...
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...developed by Dr. Joseph Juran. It has three components: Planning, control, and improvement, and is referred to as the Juran Trilogy. It is based loosely on financial processes such as budgeting (planning), expense measurement (control), and cost reduction (improvement). Quality Planning: The structured process for designing products and services that meet new breakthrough, goals and ensure that customer needs are met. The processes are called Design for Six Sigma or Concurrent Engineering. This can be particularly challenging for a planning team, because customers are not always consistent with what they say they want. The challenge for quality planning is to identify the most important needs from all the needs expressed by the customer. The planning component begins with external customers. Once quality goals are established, marketing determines the external customers, and all organizational personnel determine the internal customer. Once the customers are determined, their needs are discovered by: Being a user of the product or service, * communicating with customers through product or service * satisfaction and dissatisfaction information, or * Simulation in the laboratory. The next step in the planning process is to develop product and/or service features that respond to customer needs, meet the needs of the organization and its suppliers, are competitive, and optimize the costs of all stakeholders. The step typically is performed by...
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...No T-1 Title Operations Management Reference Books Sr No R-1 R-2 Other Reading Sr No OR-1 OR-2 OR-3 OR-4 OR-5 OR-6 OR-7 OR-8 OR-9 OR-10 OR-11 OR-12 Journals articles as Compulsary reading (specific articles, complete reference) The four things that a service Business must get right HBR Article , Bang & Olufsen Design Driven Innovation : HBR , Smart Product Design : HBR , Mishina, Kazuhiro. Toyota Motor Manufacturing, U.S.A., Inc. HBS Case No. 9-693-019. Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, 1995. , Hammond, Janice H. Barilla SpA (A). HBS Case No. 9-694-046. Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, 1994. , Latour, Almar. Nokia Handles Supply Shock with Aplomb as Ericsson of Sweden Gets Burned. The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2001. , National Cranberry Cooperative HBS #688122. From Case Map , John Crane UK Ltd Case : The CAD CAM Link . HBS #691021,24p , To Move or not to Move .Case of Cathay Pacific Airways . University of Hong Kong HBS #HKU003,22p , Note on Quality: The Views of Deming, Juran, and Crosby HBS .687011 , Process Control at Polaroid , HBS, #693047 , LL Bean Item Forecasting and Inventory Management HBS, #893003, 5p , Johson Control Automotive Systems , HBS,#69308623p , Title Operations Management Concepts, Techniques & Applications Operations Management Author Evans & Collier Edition 1st Year Publisher Name Cengage Learning Tata McGraw Hill Author Norman Gaither,Greg Frazier Edition 9th Year Publisher Name Cengage Learning William Stevenson...
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...1 PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Introduction Product. Production. Management. Production and Operations Management an Overview. Definition of Production Operations Management. Objectives of Production Management. Scope of Production Management. Benefits derived from efficient Production Management Department. Functions of Production Management. Types of Production Systems. Characteristics of production systems and Production cycle. INTRODUCTION The Subject of Production Management is studied under different Headings-such as Production Planning and control, Production and Inventory control, production and operations control and many more. What ever may be the title of the subject, the contents of the subject are more or less one and the same. Before we discuss about production management, let us discuss about product, production and management. This will give us a rough idea about production Management and with what a production manager has to deal with. 1.1. PRODUCT Though many authors define the product with Consumer orientation, it is better for us to deal with different angles, because it will be helpful for us to understand the subject of production and Operation Management. (i) For a Consumer: The product is a combination of or optimal mix of potential utilities. This is because every consumer expects some use or uses from the product. Hence he/she always identifies the product in terms of the uses. Say for example-Soap can be identified by complexion, cleanliness...
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...are nowadays installed in the mechanical industry, especially in car factories. However, the market constraints impose to always improve the production system and the whole production organization. The concepts developed by Taylor and applied at the beginning by Ford are progressively abandoned and replaced by the Just-In-Time concept and the Computer Integrated Manufacturing philosophy (CIM). One of the aims of the CIM philosophy is to provide an integrated information system which avoids the rigid separations between the different functionalities of a complete production system. With such integrated information systems, the loss of time on one hand between the customer order and the part delivery, on the other hand between the product design and its manufacture will be drastically reduced. To understand the complete production system, it is relatively easy to find in the scientific literature excellent general books explaining the different aspects of the Production and Operations Management (POM) ([1], [2], [3], [4], [5]). It is more difficult to discover a writing dedicated to use of Operational Research (OR) models and methods in the industrial context [6]. And it is quite impossible to find a book which offers a good balance between POM and OR … In this chapter, we will show how a CIM architecture can be partially decomposed along two...
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...Design Estimates In the planning and design stages of a project, various design estimates reflect the progress of the design. At the very early stage, the screening estimate or order of magnitude estimate is usually made before the facility is designed, and must therefore rely on the cost data of similar facilities built in the past. A preliminary estimate or conceptual estimate is based on the conceptual design of the facility at the state when the basic technologies for the design are known. The detailed estimate or definitive estimate is made when the scope of work is clearly defined and the detailed design is in progress so that the essential features of the facility are identifiable. Theengineer's estimate is based on the completed plans and specifications when they are ready for the owner to solicit bids from construction contractors. In preparing these estimates, the design professional will include expected amounts for contractors' overhead and profits. The costs associated with a facility may be decomposed into a hierarchy of levels that are appropriate for the purpose of cost estimation. The level of detail in decomposing the facility into tasks depends on the type of cost estimate to be prepared. For conceptual estimates, for example, the level of detail in defining tasks is quite coarse; for detailed estimates, the level of detail can be quite fine. As an example, consider the cost estimates for a proposed bridge across a river. A screening estimate is made for...
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...Facility Planning Part II HCS 446 Facility Planning Part II Introduction Development and growing a facility takes much time and contemplation with respect to regulatory requirements, budgets, planning and development of the building and the interior design of the building. Making certain code requirements are met which is usually to help the architect and contractor. Many matters must be well-thought-out during the preliminary design created by the stakeholders in the blueprint. Color collections used, which are satisfying physically and psychologically as well as noise reduction must be reflected when planning the facility. Equipment and electronic items must be determined upon prior to construction of the facility. Cost estimate and budget planning are the first steps, which must be determined before the design of the facility. An implementation plan of the proposal from the preliminary phases of the plan of the facility through construction of the facility has to be arranged and charted. Regulatory requirements Health care facilities are required to follow the licensing regulations of their state in the design they use. Usually this is the 'Facility Guidelines Institute guidelines for design and construction of health care facilities' (Carr, 2010). The states require use of the codes in International Building and in addition, they need to be accredited by the 'Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' (Carr, 2010). The regulations require...
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