...rP os t 9-605-069 REV: MARCH 6, 2013 AMY C. EDMONDSON Phase Zero: Introducing New Services at IDEO (A) op yo In July 2002, Douglas Dayton looked out across the space where designers, engineers, human factors experts, and other specialists worked in teams and reflected that it was not easy to evaluate the recent project carried out for mattress manufacturer Simmons. Dayton was a design engineer and head of IDEO’s Boston office. IDEO was a design and innovation firm known for the extraordinary range of products it had designed and its innovative approach to the design process. For the Simmons project, IDEO had embarked on a service that was not intended to result in a tangible product, at least not right away. Whereas a typical design project progressed through four phases designed to “do the thing right,” this service, known as “Phase 0,” was intended to help a client “do the right thing.” Rather than design a new product based on pre-specified needs, Simmons had asked IDEO to help it “look for unmet needs that exist and to identify new product opportunities.” The project proposal, entitled “Understand and Innovate,” described Phase 0 services as helping clients understand the world in a new way and innovate accordingly. At first glance, mattresses were not exciting territory for the firm, but as the team researched mattress consumers— conducting literature reviews, site visits, and interviews with customers and salespersons—they grew intrigued...
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...without being prepared to cope with the occurring resistances against the change. Consequently, the owners (e.g. shareholders) should be aware of the challenges and need to be committed to see benefits of the new system in a rather long-term view. Below we listed different categories of challenges. Firstly, it is common to see skepticism when practices change or new policies are implemented because we all like to cope with a known environment and it is always a challenge to change one’s mind and attitudes. Employees often feel uninformed about why things are changing and they often get the impression that no one is supporting them with the transformational process. Open-space offices as proposed in the workspace design section or the change to use trust-based working time (job design section) could be two specific practices leading to resistance and skepticism because those practices could be a dramatic change for some employees. Besides, the view that turnover always has negative consequences has been common sense over the last decades and many employees (also those in responsible positions) grew up with this view. Telling them now that the new approach is to stay connected with former employees through an alumni system constitutes a major change for those employees who need to overcome the way they were handling turnover during their entire career. Secondly, the implementation of the described HR system to create value in the sight of mobility could be a huge investment for the...
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...Chapter 4 Product Design Russell and Taylor Operations and Supply Chain Management, 8th Edition Lecture Outline • • • • • • • Design Process – Slide 4 Rapid Prototyping and Concurrent Design – Slide 11 Technology in Design – Slide 27 Design Quality Reviews – Slide 29 Design for Environment – Slide 33 Quality Function Deployment – Slide 36 Design for Robustness – Slide 45 © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. - Russell and Taylor 8e 4-2 Learning Objectives • Explain the importance of the product design process and provide an overview of each step of the process • Calculate the reliability and availability of a product or service • Understand the technologies involved in designing new products and their related production processes • Utilize techniques for analyzing design failures and eliminating unnecessary design features • Explain why and how each step of the product lifecycle can be changed for improved environmental stewardship, and provide examples of programs that support green efforts • Use quality function deployment as a design tool © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. - Russell and Taylor 8e 4-3 Design Process • Effective design can provide a competitive edge • matches product or service characteristics with customer requirements • ensures that customer requirements are met in the simplest and least costly manner • reduces time required to design a new product or service • minimizes revisions necessary to make a design workable © 2014 John Wiley...
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...Contents Executive Summary 3 IDEO’s CULTURE & process 4 IDEO Culture 4 Design process 4 Work environment 4 Prototyping 5 Collaboration 5 Customer involvement 5 Innovation process 5 Brainstorming 5 Structure and methodology 6 HandSpring Project (Visor) 7 Visor Challenges 7 The Odds situation 8 Measuring R&D Performance 9 Measuring Visor’s Project Performance 9 Prototyping of Palm V 11 The Decision 12 Executive Summary This case deals with IDEO company situation analysis. It starts with describing the IDEO corporation as an environment and the process that they use to perform the work. IDEO is a flat organization to an extreme. They have no hierarchy and discouraged formal titles, which is something that stressed more on the competiveness of the designers and engineers. They believed that prototyping is the key for the design process. They start with collaboration and brainstorming sessions in order to generate the most effective ideas and thoughts. They also have the customer involved with them in all the processes to keep him updated and aware of the steps that are taken. They have a 5 phase methodology to follow when starting a new project which are: Phase 0: Understand and observe, Phase 1: Visualize and realize, Phase 2:Evaluate and refine, Phase 3:Detailed Engineering and Phase 4: Manufacture. Theses five phase are explained more in the following pages IDEO has just finished a great breakthrough in the palm industry. They created...
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...Philosophy and Design Pieter E. Vermaas • Peter Kroes Andrew Light • Steven A. Moore Philosophy and Design From Engineering to Architecture Pieter E. Vermaas Delft University of Technology Delft the Netherlands Andrew Light University of Washington Seattle USA Peter Kroes Delft University of Technology Delft the Netherlands Steven A. Moore University of Texas Austin USA ISBN 978-1-4020-6590-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-6591-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007937486 © 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Contents List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design in Engineering and Architecture: Towards an Integrated Philosophical Understanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Kroes, Andrew Light, Steven A. Moore, and Pieter E. Vermaas Part I Engineering Design ix 1 Design, Use, and the Physical and Intentional Aspects of Technical Artifacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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...What is desktop publishing and why is it important? According to www.dicitionary.com, desktop publishing is the design and production of publications by means of specialized software enabling a microcomputer to generate typeset-quality text and graphics (Collins, 2012). In other words it’s a means of producing quality publications with computer software. In my opinion, Abode InDesign is the best program to use when completing the process of desktop publishing. Adobe InDesign allows designers to successfully create publications with ease of mind. Abilities such as various layout options, changeable workspace options and ability to export files to .SWF and .EPUB format for digital publications makes Adobe InDesign my top pick for desktop publishing. Adobe InDesign was released in 1999 as the successor of the most valued program Page Maker. The new and improved features make publication designing more fun and easier for designers worldwide. When creating any publication the first thing to determine is the media and the layout for the publication. By knowing which size and what the publication is going to apply to, the design process can be determined. With InDesign, new features like liquid design allows users to form a publication and have the ability automatically adjust content when you create an alternate layout with a different size or orientation. This saves time on reformatting the entire publication with a few simple clicks of the mouse. Other settings like alternate layout...
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...worked to analyze how new media facilitates design communication using shared work environments. Previous studies on this topic laid a solid foundation for creative convergence network studies. However, prior research had no way of incorporating sketching as a communication into the collaborative process. Because of recent technologies, the department now has the ability to incorporate freehand sketching into the collaborative process. This adds a new facet to the process of collaborating. We also explored three different programs commonly used on collaborative team projects: Cintiq tablets, and either flash drives, Tidebreak’s TeamSpot, or TeamViewer. The goal of our research was to examine how technology changes the approach to team design and how technology will aid the creative decision-making process. We worked to compare how group decision-making processes change when in different environments and when different technologies are used. We analyzed use of shared workspace, freehand sketching, keystroke patterns and how well teams work with current technology and software. Thereby, tracking the group’s entire decision-making process. The benefit of our research was two-fold. We contributed to the existing research of team psychology and how collaborative work environments aid the design process. We were also the first research team to conduct how being able to sketch and communicate through sketches adds ease to the design process. Conducting this research also...
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...factors in engineering design theory: a post-positivist approach Terence Love Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Australia Social, environmental and ethical factors in engineering design theory: a post-positivist approach Terence Love B.A. (Hons) Engineering This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering 1998 Abstract This research investigated how social, environmental and ethical factors can be better included in theories of engineering design. The research focused on designing as an essentially human activity via consideration of the epistemological and ontological issues involved in constructing coherent design theory. The research investigations led to a clearer understanding of the roles of ontology, epistemology and methodology in design research and this clarification enabled the construction of a post-positivist approach to engineering design theory that better includes social, environmental and ethical factors alongside the existing products of scientific engineering design research. Other contributions to knowledge that emerged from the research process and which underpin the conclusions include; clarification of the terminology and basic concepts of design research and engineering design research, historical...
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...This term means the equal of creativity plus implementation (Stamm, 2003). Implementation is important to innovation; if you are lacking this you basically only have creativity. The effect of innovation on the business industry is what pushes competitions accomplishments or failures. By understanding the current and future needs a consumer can go a long way; specifically on how to properly create a successful business plan. An example of market place innovation would be with Apple and their product the I-Pad. This was not a original idea, but Apple put a social twist on it and created the I-Pad; an everyday must have. • Design “It is a concept of realization or configuration of an idea, plan, model, drawings; pattern that assists to develop and achieve the items designated objectives (Business Dictionary, 2010).” In the corporate world, designs are defined and understood as a value of distribution, creativity, and concepts in exemplification of the company’s innovativeness. Creativity is a mental representative that provides a person the opportunity to think out of the median. “Creativity is what results in different approaches to services, goods, and innovation (Business Dictionary, 2010).” • Creativity The definition of creativity based on Webster’s Dictionary is: Creativity is marked by the ability or power to create- to bring into existence, to invest with a new form, to produce through imaginative skill, to make or bring into existence something...
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...Running head: TOTAL REWARDS Total Rewards: Strategically Achieving Business Results Strayer University Abstract Total Rewards reflects what employees’ value from its employer. It focuses on five elements that attract, motivate, and retain the talent to achieve business goals. These elements are: Compensation, Benefits, Work- Life, Performance and Recognition and Development and Career Opportunities (WorldatWork, 2007, p. 4). This paper describes the five advantages of a total rewards approach, five ways a total rewards strategy can go astray, six steps involved in the design of a total rewards program and eight steps involved in the communication process of a total reward program (WorldatWork, 2007, p. 15-64). Finally, the paper will summarize the components and the results of an effective design, implementation and communication strategy and result of a successful total rewards program. Total Rewards: Integrative Elements to Achieve Business Results Five Advantages One advantage of a total reward package is increased flexibility. Flexibility allows business’ to develop programs that cater to the needs of its employee by combining transactional and relational awards, allowing the reward package to meet the different emotional and motivational rewards of employees (WorldatWork, 2007, p. 15). Improved recruitment and retention is another advantage. Highly skills employees are in demand and, companies must find ways to attract and retain high performers. A comprehensive...
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...Besides the benefits from implementing the project, the cost in implementing is also important to be considered. The project would perform well only if we keep eyes on it during all procedures. The appropriate improvement would be proposed during the implementation of project in order to result in better achievement for the company. In conclusion, I would like to note that sales promotion is the element of the promotional mix that is aimed at increasing the volume of products sold via a trial or brand loyalty. The brand loyalty reflects the customer desire to buy the product or service of a given brand and depending on the level of brand loyalty that desire can be different. Sales promotion sends mixed signals with respect to building brand loyalty simply because it is hard to understand the amount of time or products needed to develop a buying habit that reflects brand loyalty. At the same time, sales promotion might be effective in building brand equity, or the existing value and association made by the consumer. Environmental friendly technologies can thus be said to have had a positive effect on motor sports and the world population at large since they have not only reduced pollution thus making the earth a safer place to live but they have also reduced the cost of living. This is in relation to soaring costs of fuel that have characterized the world markets in the recent past. (McKenna, 150-160) Top tier motor sports should therefore be encouraged to implement eco...
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...Company Overview Quality Web Design (QWD) is a company that specializes in Websites and Web Design content for any type of business. Their mission is to help other businesses increase their revenue by providing them with top quality websites for their customers. In addition, they own over 250,000 of proprietary images, and graphical designs. These designs are customized for every industry and demographic. Their business process is quite simple. They have a server at the Company Headquarters, where they store all of their proprietary data (including images, scripts, templates, etc). They utilize a Microsoft Visual Studio Team Foundation Service (TFS) server to manage their content and the progress of the project. “Team Foundation is a set of tools and technologies that enable a team to collaborate and coordinate their efforts on building a product or completing a project. Team Foundation enhances team communication, tracks work status, supports team roles, enacts the team process, and integrates team tools.” (Microsoft.com (2011) Team Foundation Overview) In addition to the Team Foundation, they also utilize Visual Studio to code, and build the websites. These resources are accesses through different methods. Those methods include WAN connection, VPN connection through a remote office, and through the corporate office via LAN. They also have other services such as Outlook Web Access for E-mail that is accessed via the methods mentioned above. They have also created...
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...I study Mechanical Engineering. I am passionate about different art forms, especially fine arts. I face, like you, dilemma of combining your passion of arts with something more concrete like engineering. Following are the options that I have come across to accomplish the same. Though I must mention here that I am no expert of any kind and probably more confused than you are, but I think I can help in at least initiating and directing the process of looking for relevant stuff. It is very common to find people who combine the knowledge of these two disciplines (for example most of the Industrial Design professors are mechanical under-grads), but finding a program that does the same has been pretty daunting for me at least. I hope this doc is helpful even in the smallest way and would be glad to answer any further questions There are two sections: 1. Links to websites of universities/labs offering relevant programs 2. Links to websites wherein people display their work in fields where art/aesthetic sense has to be combined with knowledge of engineering and science. Do keep in mind that these links do not adequately represent even the tip of the iceberg, there is a lot more that should be read. Similar links or links that that come up during ‘Programs similar to XXX’ in google have not been included as such searches and exploring the websites and search results on our own in itself gives us a feel of the field we intend to enter. This search was primarily focused on options after...
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...1. Determine the investigation you will do with regard to the physical infrastructure of the orchards, orchard shacks, and the cold storage building. After doing some detailed investigations of the physical infrastructure of the orchards, orchard shacks, and the cold storage building revealed some ideas that we can implement in the network design. The investigation also showed that wireless technology would be the best solution between the three areas. With that being said the orchard area would be the only problem we would need to find out how big the orchard area is so we can install access points so a good signal can all ways be delivered. Determining the distance will also aid in the network design on what cables like fiber optics or RJ cables, as well as the selection of technologies and devices to meet the design goals. The number of buildings should be determined and what equipment they should contain which types of network devices needed for this landscape. 2. Make a list of business goals for Harriet’s Fruit and Chocolate Company and determine the constraints that will affect these goals. Business goals for Harriet’s Fruit and Chocolate Company are to provide high quality products to customers. Also to provide immediate and real-time access to inventory data to aid in sales, to do this an upgrade logistics would have to take place which in turn everything would have to go digital, we would not be able to continue with the older mom and pop structure we have been...
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...Dore Dore Case study - Solutions: 1. Evaluate the Changes Dore Dore has made in its Children’s Knitwear division. * Children Knitwear Traditional setup (Product – Focused Layout) * Children Knitwear cellular setup (Process – Focused Layout) Traditional Operations: Yam & Fabric supplier – 2.5 months – average lead time Knitting – throughput time – 80 hrs Dyeing – 5 weeks – average lead time Cutting – 40 hrs – throughput time Sewing and finishing – 120 hrs – throughput time Lead time & Throughput time – batch size = 200 units Bottle neck operation is sewing & finishing. Work in progress calculations: Units progress / day = 2000 units Through put time = 15 days WIP = 2000 *15=30000 Units No of workers = 42 WIP/worker = 30000/42=720 units Cellular operations Work in progress calculations Units progress / days = 2000 units Through put time = 1 days WIP = 2000*1= 2000 units No of works = 42 WIP/worker=2000/42=48 units Cycle time = throughput time /work in progress Traditional operations: 3*5*8*60/720=10 mins Cellular operations: 1*8*60/48=10 mins Hence we can infer that output per worker remains the same. 2. How does the performance of the traditional operation and cellular manufacturing system differ? (E.g. how Work in Process Inventory changes when cells are implemented? Throughput time (sewing & finishing): Traditional: 15 days / Cellular operation: 1 day No of sewing machines required: Traditional opert. 55 / Cellular operation: 84...
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