...look at how and why researchers may link medical information with other non-medical information, for example, where people live, their income and their education. An understanding of how these factors affect an individual’s health can help us to look beyond the healthcare system for ways to improve the health of New Zealanders. These factors are called the social determinants of health. This essay will take a closer look at some of these social determinants and how they can influence people’s health and well-being. It will also discuss research articles that provide examples of influences of social determinants of health relating to adults. Paragraph 2: SDH approach. Your discussion...
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...as education, income, and health, I will use, The Social Determinants of Health Model, to guide my future practice. According to, The WHO, “The social determinants of health are the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age, and the systems put in place to deal with illness. These circumstances are in turn shaped by a wider set of forces: economics, social policies, and politics” ("Social determinants of," 2013). In other words, in order to promote, maintain, or return a person to health, it is imperative to understand the circumstances of that person’s social and physical environment currently and historically. In addition, it is important to consider barriers to health imposed by community economics, worldview, and social policies in place. With these concepts in mind, I can individualize a care plan in partnership with the patient. By understanding the prevailing attitudes, social policies, and economics specific to the location of my future practice, I can also address conditions that create health disparities. For example, I might observe that I am seeing a large percentage of patients that smoke, or are obese, or have diabetes. To address these unhealthy habits on an individual basis, I will understand that people cannot be treated without understanding their personal and community environment. My goal in practice will be promoting optimum health in the individual, while understanding that eliminating barriers to health in the community is the key...
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...In this essay I will be looking at the social and psychological determinants of health in the client group that I work with. This group is known as one of the most vulnerable group within the society and this is evident in its inequalities in health care. ‘Determinants of health’ is a term introduced in the1970s as part of a wider critique of public health research and policy. It was argued that too much research attention and too much health expenditure were being devoted to individuals and their illnesses and too little invested in populations and their health….. Public health, it was concluded, should be more concerned with social policies and social determinants than with health services and disease outcomes’ (Graham, 2004). The World Health Organisation (WHO) sees ‘inequalities in health care’ as the differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups. It can be the differences in mobility between elderly people and younger populations or differences in mortality rates between people from different social classes. Some inequalities in health are attributable to biological variations or free choice and others are attributable to the external environment and conditions mainly outside the control of the individuals concerned. The group of people I work with are people with ‘Learning disabilities’ (LD): “Learning disabilities is a state of arrested or incomplete development of the mind” (DH, 1995). A person with LD...
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...of Health and Safety at Work Act 1999 – this item of legislation Places an responsibility on any employer to vigorously carry out a risk assessment of the work place and act accordingly. The assessment must be reviewed when necessary and recorded. It is intended to identify health and safety and fire risks, and is then worked on to make the environment a more safer place. Legislation, regulations and guidance that govern infection prevention and control: Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 - This Act provides a framework which ensures the health and safety of all employees in any work activity. It also provides for the health and safety of anyone who may be affected by work activities, for example; pupils/students and visitors to educational sites. The Public Health Act 1984 – this act is used in order to ensure consumers know what they are eating, they know that the food is appropriate and good to use/eat, and so that they know the food is safe and has been prepared in a healthy and hygienic way.The main responsibilities for all food businesses under the Act are: do not include anything in food, remove anything from food or treat food in any way which means it would be damaging to the health of persons eating it to ensure that the food you serve or sell is of the nature, substance or quality which consumers would expect to ensure that the food is labelled, advertised and presented in a way that is not false or misleading a recent misuse of this... The public health act...
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...the ways that health can be conceptualized by a society. What are the determinants of health in humans? What is the connection between how a society defines health and how it pursues health? Has increased access to technology changed that perception over the last decade? Discuss the connection between health policies, health determinants, and health. Abstract Health policies, health determinants and health are all categories that are intertwined with one another. As technology becomes more advanced within the health industry, society’s perception on healthcare may change for the better or for the worst. And with the new technology, new policies arise. Deliberate the ways that health can be conceptualized by a society. The World Health Organization makes a concept of health in a way that a patient should be cared for in all aspects of their well-being. This not only includes the physical concepts but also the social and psychological components of their health. What this means is that society should not only conceptualize health but also pursue health in all of the areas mentioned. There are many influences to our health whether it is our beliefs, the economy, social and cultural way of living, physical environment and the circumstances that we are dealt with. With that being said, health is the basic and dynamic force that affects the way we live our life. An example of factors that impact health positivity is:...
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...The social determinants of health are the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age, and the systems put in place to deal with illness. These circumstances are in turn shaped by a wider set of forces: economics, social policies, and politics. (CDC). usually it is know that, the better the economic status of an individual, the better the individual’s health. Health status improves at each step up the income and social hierarchy. High income determines living conditions such as safe housing and ability to buy sufficient good food. The healthiest populations are those in societies which are prosperous and have an equitable distribution of wealth. Communicable disease chain involves agent host and the environment through which people get infected with diseases. The CDC explain the chain as: “More specifically, transmission occurs when the agent leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by some mode of transmission, and enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host.” This sequence constitutes the chain of infection (CDC). Nurses can work diligently to break any of this chain by health education and promotion. Nurses may also take steps like; isolate, quarantine and do prompt referral for adequate treatment. Example is isolating an individual with tuberculosis at the time the disease is communicable. The nurse can also quarantine or restrict movement of an individuals who have been exposed to the communicable...
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...Extensive research and analysis in public health discourse have delved into the intricate interplay of various factors that impact an individual’s health. Health outcomes are influenced not only by access to healthcare services but also by a myriad of determinants operating at various levels within society, profoundly shaping outcomes. According to the World Health Organization (2019), health determinants such as social, economic, environmental, and behavioural elements all contribute to an individual’s well-being. Understanding these determinants is essential in formulating effective strategies aimed at promoting health equity and enhancing the overall health of the population. The social determinants of health significantly influence health...
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...Working Conditions as a Determinant of Health This summary is primarily based on papers and presentations by Andrew Jackson, Senior Economist, Canadian Labour Congress, and Michael Polanyi Assistant Professor, Saskatchewan Population Health Research and Evaluation Unit, and Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina. The presentations were prepared for The Social Determinants of Health Across the Life-Span Conference, held in Toronto in November 2002. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Health Canada. Current Situation Over the 1980s and 1990s, there has been an ongoing restructuring of the labour market and of employment relationships. The intent of these changes has been to promote productivity and competitiveness, as opposed to promoting a worker-centred agenda of “good jobs” (Lowe, 2000). In Canada, only two-thirds of the employed workforce are in “standard” salaried jobs with no defined end date (mostly provided by large firms and the public sector). In this shrinking core job market, workers who have survived layoffs, privatization and contracting-out are generally working longer and harder. Employers have tried to increase profitability and competitiveness and to contain budgets by boosting productivity. This has been accomplished largely by increasing workloads. For example, in the health sector, fewer nurses, social workers and other health professionals must now deal...
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...“The social determinants of health are the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age, as well as the systems put in place to deal with illness. These circumstances are in turn shaped by a wider set of forces: economics, social policies, and politics” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). These factors contribute to the development of illness through their influence on health-promoting behaviors (CDC, 2014). For example, if a person lives in poverty, they will be less likely to maintain health seeking behaviors, putting them at greater risk for illness. The communicable disease chain includes a causative agent, vector or object, mode of transmission, and human (Maurer, & Smith, 2013). The causative agent is the organism that causes the disease, the vector or object is the carrier of the disease, the mode of transmission is how the disease is transferred from person to person, and the human is the host (Maurer, & Smith, 2013). Nurses can break the link within the communicable disease chain by educating their patients and their families. There are precautions that should be maintained for all communicable diseases. Nurses should use standard precautions and have a clear understanding of when to initiate airborne, droplet and contact precautions. The nurse must educate the patient and their families on the spread of their particular disease and the ways to prevent transmission. A good example would be for respiratory infections,...
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...of the social determinants of health on accessibility to health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. INTRODUCTION 150 words Nurses have an extensive role in caring for the health and wellbeing of people and ensuring they have accessibility to health care. This paper will explore and provide evidence into how the social determinants of health, especially racism or racial discrimination impacts on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders or Indigenous Australian people’s access to health care. Exploring the impact of social determinants of health on Indigenous Australians and the numerous poorer health outcomes experienced by this population group will...
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...Health Policy Determinant Timeline Kwabena Aboagye HCS/550 June 02, 2014 John Dean Health Policy Determinant Timeline In 1950, most American receives their health coverage through the private insurance market, usually through their jobs. Many people buy insurance on their own in the individual market. Since coverage from private companies is the largest surge of insurance for Americans it is likely to be a central part of federal and state health reform efforts. Private health coverage is a mechanism for people to protect themselves from the potentially extreme financial costs of medical care if they become severely ill, and ensure that they have access to health care when they need it. Private health coverage products pool the risk of high health care costs across a large number of people, permitting them (or employers on their behalf) to pay a premium based on the average cost of medical care for the group of people. This risk-spreading function helps make the cost of health care reasonably affordable for most people. Medicare and Medicaid were previously known as Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA). In 1965, the Social Security Act establishing both Medicare and Medicaid. The Social Security Administration (SSA) became responsible for the administration of Medicare and Social and Rehabilitation Service become responsible for the administration of Medicaid. In 1970, Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) are one of three types of major...
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...The main sources that lead to these health inequalities can be explained by factors in the social environment, which can initiate and sustain racial and class health disparities. These social conditions that encompass low occupation status, poor neighborhood residential conditions, and poor access and quality to health care are all important determinants of the health inequalities faced by certain racial and class groups, which often intertwine and serve as a proxy for one another (Halfmann, Lecture Notes; Kawachi 2005; Williams 2005). With this said, having a low occupation status can cause certain races and classes to have health inequalities. For example, people with a higher socioeconomic status have better jobs and, as a result, have...
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...Introduction What is health? Health means different things to different people. The World Health Organization (2015) defines health as “a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (as in the 1947 WHO definition). Studies show that older adults feel healthy when they are able to accomplish something independently, are able to manage their symptoms, accept and adjust with optimism, connect with others, and have satisfying energy levels (Misoon & Eun-Hi, 2015). Furthermore, Main factors that contribute to the health of Canadians are not medical treatments received or lifestyle choices, but instead the living conditions they experience; these are identified as the Social Determinants...
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...in the Aboriginal population is one type of health model that may applied in Canada. Considering the social determinants related to housing, health literacy, employment, education, socioeconomic, cultural, and social contexts are factors involved in establishing HPP (Naidoo & Wills, 2009). Integrated policy-making involving multiple levels in society as illustrated in the Dahlgren and Whitehead ”Rainbow Model of Determinants”, in addition to different levels of government (municipal, provincial, territorial and federal) need to collaborate when building HPP (World Health Organization, 2015). A targeted diabetes prevention plan encompassing health promotion, disease prevention aiming to reduce the inequalities in the social determinants of health is essential to decrease the prevalence of type II diabetes in Canada....
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...July 26, 2014 Epidemiology on Mononucleosis Mononucleosis is a viral disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), that affects people between the ages of ten and thirty-five, but anyone at any age can contract the disease. This disease is found mainly in adolescents. It is also known as “the kissing disease”, and it is indistinguishable from other members of the herpes virus group (123helpme, 2014). The most frequent mode of transmission is intimate salivary contact. It can also be transmitted from shared drinking and eating utensils, toothbrushes, etc. Mono is not likely to spread by sneezing or from hard surface contact. It is also known as Glandular Fever, because it affects the lymph nodes in the neck, arm pits and groin. It may last anywhere from one to eight weeks, and some people suffer from mononucleosis for months at a time. It is all dependent of one’s immune system. Recuperation is a slow process, which can demand twice as much sleep and resting periods. This disease can drain strength and energy and as well muscle loss. Balance is also affected. Usually exposure to this virus happens at late adolescence for half the population. The peak incidence for girls is 14-16 and boys 16-18. After initial contact with the virus, there is an incubation period of 4-6 weeks and then the symptoms start appearing. Symptoms include fever, sore throat and lymph adenopathy. Fevers may reach as high as 102 degrees Fahrenheit and may remain high for 3-4 weeks. Other symptoms...
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