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Developing a Healthy Child

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Developing a healthy child. 1. Nature versus Nurture: an ongoing debate describing the differences in child development. The prime question of this debate is whether genetic factors or environmental factors determine the development of a child.
Nature or genetic factors refers to biological or hereditary genes imbedded in a child. Nature factor determines a child’s physical appearance like the eye color, hair color, height and other traits that are inherited. Nativists or a group of people who believe strongly in Nature, form an assumption that each individual is different due to his individual genetic code. Characteristics that are not observed at birth but which emerge later in life are formed due to maturation.
On the contrary, environmental factors or Nurture refers to a child’s daily interactions with various people. The Nurture factor determines a child’s personality which he adapts due to his surroundings. Empiricists or people who are strong believers of Nurture, believe that a human mind at the time of birth is a blank slate or tabula rasa and is gradually formed due to environmental influences. They believe that psychological characteristics and behavioral differences that emerge through infancy and childhood are a result of learning. (Book) * A child’s reaction of a specific behavior and the influence of Nature-Nurture
Anger, an emotion characterized by resentment toward someone or something you feel has deliberately done something wrong to you. Anger can be a good thing. It can give you a way to express your negative feelings which may motivate you to find solutions to problems. On the other hand, excessive anger can cause problems. Increased blood pressure and other physical changes associated with anger make it difficult to think straight and harm your physical and mental health.
Impact of nature on anger: The argument of nature surrounds the possible biological reasons for why human aggression is exhibited. Our personality is a sum of a volatile chemical make-up called serotonin. Serotonin is linked to emotional expression of depression, happiness and alertness. Any form of chemical imbalance can predispose a child to fail and to react appropriately to situation involving anger. Chemical imbalances within the brain prevents children from normally processing stimuli and limits their ability to learn appropriate social skill.
Impact of nurture on anger: The argument of nurture involves the aspects of human life that surround societal reasons as for why anger occurs in a human behavior. There are many factors that contribute to an outburst of anger like family factor, peer factor, neighborhood factor etc. In nurture, a supportive environment where emotional development is nurtured, provide children with the emotional and social support they need to learn, acquire a skill and self-confidence they need in order to thrive. Supportive environment where children receive emotional support provides them with the security needed for a strong emotional foundation for learning and thriving. (Anger) 2. Authoritative parenting style: the most successful approach to parenting
Apeksha Khanna
Thomas Edison State College
Abstract
This paper explains the successful approach of Authoritative style parenting and its effects on child development. Authoritative parents have realistic goals and consistent limits for their children. Parents set rules and explain reasons behind these rules but at the same time are flexible and are willing to alter them on occasions.
Hypothesis:
Authoritative parenting style is regarded as the most successful approach to parenting.
Introduction:
Parenting styles refer to the way in which parents choose to raise their children. There are four main parenting styles. Each styles differs from the other and raise children with various emotional growth. According to Diana Baumrind, clinical and developmental psychologist, there are two basic elements that help shape successful parenting: parental responsiveness and parental demandingness. Diana Baumrind initially coined three parenting styles in 1966: authoritative style, authoritarian style and permissive style. Maccoby and Martin later added uninvolved or neglectful style of parenting.
Method of authoritative style parenting:
Authoritative parenting style is all about setting realistic limits, effective communication with their children and being responsive to their emotional needs. They expect maturity and cooperation from their children. This is the most widely used parenting style across the world. It is beneficial to children from various background. Children raised by authoritative style parenting are more likely to become independent, self-reliant, socially accepted, academically successful and well-behaved. They are less likely to get accustomed to mental disorders, depression and anxiety. (Diana Baumrind)
In authoritative parenting style, parents are responsive to their children’s needs, nurturing toward them and are involved in their day-to-day lives. They don’t let their children get away with bad behavior. They enforce rules and expect their children to follow them, take a firm stand and expect their children to behave responsibly. The most crucial part of this style is that parents give their children reasons for following their rules. This helps the children to understand the importance of following a rule. Parents use a verbal approach to discuss the importance of good verses bad behavior. Additionally, they listen to the reasons their children express about committing a bad behavior.
Authoritative parents don’t believe in using harsh language or giving irrational punishments when raising their children. Parents don’t refrain from expression their love toward their children even in challenging situations. This approach of parenting is a perfect balance of freedom and responsibility. (Diana Baumrind)
Example of Authoritative parenting style:
Ally, a 4 year old cuts open a stuffed animal. This stuffed animal belonged to her 2 year old brother, John, and was his favorite toy. This stuffed animal was initially Ally’s favorite toy when she was little.
An ineffective way to handle this situation:
Parent gets angry about this incident and blames Ally for the incident and the consequence of this incident where little John is crying and won’t take a nap without the stuffed animal.
Authoritative approach of parenting:
Parent calmly approaches Ally and wants to sit down and understand the reason for committing this incident. A parent can start by making Ally accept that she ripped the stuffed animal. Ally accepts that the toy initially belonged to her. She later expresses that she doesn’t like her little brother. Parent calmly asks if their paying extra attention to John has trigged Ally’s dislike for her little brother. Ally accepts this and further expresses that besides the extra attention, John got her favorite toy. Parent realizes that they gave John Ally’s favorite toy without asking her first. Parent accept that she would be careful about hurting Ally’s feelings in future. Ally apologizes for ripping the animal and wants to try to fix it.
Conclusion:
In this approach, parent tries to understand the reason for a bad behavior and find a rational way to approach it.

References:
Book: Boyd, D & Bee, H. (2011) The Developing Child.
Anger: McCawley, S. (2002) The Nature of Aggression (or is it Nurture?) Retrieved from http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web2/Mccawley.html
Diana Baumrind: Grobman, K (2008) Diana baumrind’s (1966) Prototypical Description of 3 parenting styles. Retrived from
http://www.devpsy.org/teaching/parent/baumrind_styles.html

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