...multidisciplinary; which means from scientists from many academic disciplines biology, psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics all contribute to our understanding of human development (Berger, 2012). Children have a set of universal developmental milestones that they will all reach upon a certain time. When children are meeting their developmental milestones there are factors that can come into play that can cause the milestones to vary such as cultural, biological, and environmental. Different cultures have different expectations for their children that can affect their developmental milestones. A milestone that is expected from a specific culture is known as cultural milestone. For instance the Chinese culture used to bind young girls feet, which would hinder their bone development and could also affect the way that they walked (Karasik, Adolph, Tamis-LeMonda, Bornstein, 2010). Cultural milestones can affect the child from reaching or progressing a universal milestone. Another way that development can vary is due to biology or the genetics that are passed down. The interaction of genes from the mother and genes from the father affects the embryo’s growth in many ways (Berger, 2012). Genetics can vary many different developmental stages starting with the embryo. One instance of this is the deciding factor of gender for the baby depends on which chromosome (x or y) was passed from the father. Another instance of how genetics can affect development is with Down syndrome...
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...Milestone One: Rule-oriented Games (Physical Domain) Section A: Knowledge of the Developmental Milestones During middle childhood, children’s play undergoes several changes, the most obvious of which is children engage in games with rules. These rule-oriented games include informally organized games as well as formally organized sports, such as little league, club or intramural sports. The former category may be variants on popular sports games, well-known childhood games such as red rover, and invented games that children develop on their own. The principal commonality is that these games have a set of rules and often have multiple roles for players. While informal outdoor play allows children to develop rules and try out multiple scenarios, formal, organized sports allows children to learn rules, appreciate their personal skills, and develop their position on a team. Both types of rule-oriented games are important for developing social competencies and enhanced cognitive capabilities. This milestone develops as children begin to develop more improved motor coordination, a better capacity for information processing, and a heightened social maturity (Berk, 2007, p. 294). The physical skills at play in rule-oriented games include flexibility, balance, agility, and force, reflective of increased muscle strength. All four of these are basic motor capacities which become more refined with the gross motor development of middle childhood. Additionally, children’s enhanced capacity...
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...Sociology Assignment 1 –Developmental Milestones 15 Years Old Physical At the age of 15, teenagers begin to develop both physical and sexual characteristics. However, the rate of growth on both males and females are different as females have already overcome their growth spurt whereas males have just reached puberty. Females at this age tend to put on weight due to the development of the breasts, thighs, and buttocks whereas males increase in weight due to the development of muscles and other sexual characteristics such as the enlargement of the penis and testes as well as the development of the “Adam’s apple”. The main distinction that sets teenagers apart from kids is the deepening of the voice in males, and the regulation of menstruation...
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...graduate overflowing with energy and comforting smiles. Brent explains to Elizabeth that since he is graduating in December and plans to begin work in January, he wants to leave all of November and December open for interviews. Such a plan means that by October 31 he has to have all his preliminary materials, such as cover letters and résumés, submitted to the companies where he wants to work. Elizabeth recognizes that Brent has to follow a very tight schedule, if he wants to meet his goal within the next 60 days. She suggests that the two of them sit down together and decide the major milestones that need to be completed in the job search process. Elizabeth and Brent list the 19 major milestones. For each of the 19 milestones, they identify the other milestones that must be accomplished directly before Brent can begin this next milestone. They also estimate the time needed to complete each milestone. The list is shown below. In the evening after his meeting with Elizabeth, Brent meets with his buddies at the college coffee house to chat about...
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...Worksheet Section 1: Introduction to the Phoenix Career Guidance System & Understanding the Career Milestones After reading each milestone description, complete the following table, by writing a 100-150 word statement about which two milestones seem the most interesting or useful to you based on your current career situation and why. |Milestone |Response | |1. #5 - Networking |Finding a mentor because having someone who has already completed| | |the course im taking, it would be exciting to converse with | | |someone who has interest in the same thing as me. Having a mentor| | |would really meana lot to me. | |2. #7 - Interviewing |I always get very nervous during interviews and I want to make a | | |positive impression. I will practice with these questions. | Section 2: Understanding your career dashboard After reviewing the descriptions of each milestone click on home button to go back to your career dashboard to explore this page further and complete the table...
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...Understanding the developmental milestones in infants and toddlers are important in many different ways. First and foremost, developmental milestones can be used as an example on how a child should be developing. Although all children will develop at different rates, the developmental milestones are still an example for the typical child. If a parent is aware of the developmental milestones their child should be reaching at a particular time, they can assure the best physical and mental health for their child. Also, if a child is not meeting the developmental milestones at a reasonable amount of time, this can serve as an early alert so that the parents can immediately get help. Knowing the developmental milestones are not only beneficial to the parents, but to doctors as well. If the doctors knows what a child should be doing, but aren’t able to do, then the doctor can take appropriate precautions in finding a cure for the child. Knowing the developmental milestones of a child can be helpful when attempting to teach a child as well. For example, a four month child would not be able sit down a read a book, because they are not to that stage yet. But, if a five year old child cannot sit down and read a book, the parent would then know that something might not be right. Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget, and Erik Erikson all had different viewpoints on the developmental stages of children. Freud believed that a child’s personality developed while they were discovering the world in different...
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...the problem, a literature review. The term developmental delay is used to identify children that are significantly delayed in meeting developmental milestones. In children it is a major problem worldwide with an estimated prevalence rate of 3% (MacDonald & Rennie, 2011). In the United Kingdom 3% of school aged children are identified as having a special education need associated with either a learning difficulty or an autistic spectrum disorder (National Statistics, 2012). Early detection by professionals is deemed to be of great importance as recognised in a recent government drive with health visiting (DoH, 2011). It is also important because studies have highlighted the substantial benefits that early intervention can offer to children with varying needs (Camilli et al, 2010; Anderson et al, 2003). Therefore despite the implementation of child health surveillance services (Mackrides & Ryherd, 2011; Hamilton, 2006), in clinical practice, children are not being detected before they start school. In the UK and in the student’s own area of clinical practice developmental screening is undertaken by health visitors as part of the Healthy Child Programme (HCP). It is viewed as the core health service for protecting, promoting and improving the health and well-being of children (Department of Health, 2009). A review of the literature shows two screening tools used in the UK, the Denver Developmental Screening Tool (DDST) and in the student’s...
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...Abstract Child development is an ongoing progressive process. The child development process is stages which every child must go through in their growth. It encompasses learning and mastering of abilities like walking, talking, sitting, standing, etc. Children acquire these developmental milestones during periods in their lives as they grow. A child must develop in one area before progressing to another. In development stages, children experience, cognitive development, social and emotional development, language development, and gross motor skills development. Developmental milestones are talents or skills that children obtain through particular moments in time. Children develop these milestones in a chronological order. One skill must be developed before another skill can be learned or mastered. In normal circumstances, a child normally successfully achieves milestones at certain ages and stages in their lives. We all have our milestones past and future, personal and professional, individual and in common. (French 2012) Childhood Development Case Study Babies develop skills such as bonding mechanisms. They begin to recognize voices, imitate sounds. At about 6 months, they sit up alone, babble and begin making sounds. By toddler ages they walk, climb, and begin to repeat words. They begin to interact with other toddlers. As they grow they begin to develop other skills. By the time they are 4 years old, they develop...
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...2009). Development is not growth as in when a child increases in size, but it is the growth of behavior;”development is also influenced by heredity, environmental factors, culture, and family values unique to each individual” (Allen, 2009). Growth is measured by charts whereas there are domains of development that are met to measure the growth of development. In this paper I am going to discuss the six major areas of development domains, an analysis of developmental milestones, and explain factors of what can contribute to atypical development. There are six major areas of developmental domains: physical, motor, perceptual, cognitive, speech and language, and social-emotional. Allen (2009) states, “Each is integrally related to and interdependent with each of the others in the overall developmental process” (pg. 35). Basically, one area of development is influenced by another area of development and so on and so forth. For example: If Liana is not growing properly throughout infancy she is not going to hit certain milestones of development that may require gross motor skills such as walking, running, etc. Physical development and growth is generally based by genetics and a child’s environment that is more personalized; physical growth and development can actually have a direct influence on whether a...
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...The most interesting concepts I learned from this course, Lifespan Development, were those topics that involved the many stages of development. This was of particular interest to me as I was able to compare the various theories and how they related to my own children’s developmental milestones. Having two typical children and one with Autism, it was fascinating to see the differences and similarities in their cognitive and moral development. One specific chapter that grabbed my attention was chapter 6, which focused on the different theories that focused on cognitive developmental milestones which were explained by Piaget and Vygotsky (Stantrock, pages 175 and 191). Piaget’s Processes of Development was noteworthy as it highlighted the different...
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...1 Developmental delays and the environment of learning needs of children LaKila Salter ECE 205 Prof. Dana Bux June 18, 2012 DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2 Although the early childhood education field recommends programs utilize what are known as Developmentally Appropriate Practices, it does not yet have the research base to promote any single curriculum model as “best.” In addition, no state government or federal entity mandates use of just one particular curriculum in their publicly funded preschool programs. Preschool curriculum models vary widely. Some may detail exactly what to teach. A single curriculum may not address all of the different areas of learning. Even if a curriculum fits a program’s philosophy and provides the needed amount and type of content, it might not be appropriate for the children enrolled. Not all curriculum models have been empirically evaluated or even based on a systematic and comprehensive review of research of how young children learn. In addition, no single curriculum or approach has been proven to be best for all preschool programs. (http://www.isbe.state.il.us/earlychi/pdf/preschool_curriculum.pdf) For example, preschool Palace Curriculum is an age-appropriate, complete 10 month preschool curriculum for ages 2 1/2-5 designed for daycares, preschools, and homeschooling families. The curriculum includes daily lesson plans, monthly planner, craft ideas, and printable...
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...different skills, such as taking a first step, smiling for the first time, or waving goodbye. These skills are known developmental milestones. A child with a developmental delay does not reach these milestones at the same time as other children the same age. There are five main groups of skills that make up the developmental milestones. A child may have a developmental delay in one or more of these areas. • Gross motor: using large groups of muscles to sit, stand, walk, run, etc., keeping balance, and changing positions. • Fine motor: using hands and fingers to be able to eat, draw, dress, play, write, and do many other things. • Language: speaking, using body language and gestures, communicating, and understanding what others say. • Cognitive: Thinking skills including learning, understanding, problem-solving, reasoning, and remembering. • Social: Interacting with others, having relationships with family, friends, and teachers, cooperating, and responding to the feelings of others. Usually, there is an age range of several months where a child is expected to learn these new skills. Some skills need to be developed before new skills can be learned. For instance, children must learn to crawl before they can walk. If the normal age range fro walking is 9 to 15 months, and a child still isn’t walking by 20 months, this would be considered a developmental delay. Growth in each area of development is related to growth in the other areas. So if there is a difficulty in...
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...Child Development: Early Childhood Shaniela Jarrett DEP2004 Child Development: Early Childhood From the immediate beginning of every human beings life they develop in one way or another. The beginning of a human beings development and all its aspects starts with infancy and progresses for the duration of one’s life span. Toddlers and young children are thought to be influenced by their everyday surroundings. An adolescent’s cognitive and social aspects of development are formed and shaped from an early age, along with their perception, language, motor skills, and speech. A young adolescent’s lifecycle is heavy influenced by the involvement of their parents and family members, this is crucial to a young child’s life. Once an adolescent becomes of age to attend school, they will also start to adjust to the atmosphere of the school they are attending as well as the instructive setting in the school; this will also play a role in an adolescent’s cognitive development and social skills. The body’s growth in the first couple years of early childhood stage with attenuate into a slower growth pattern. A child adds approximately 2 to 3 inches in stature and around 5 pounds in weight each year, girls will be slightly smaller than boys. From Infancy to Early childhood, one with experience skeletal growth, between the ages of 2 and 6 will grow approximately 45 new pineal, where cartilage will strengthen forming various parts of the skeletons. Children start losing their primary tooth...
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...doses of DTap, RV, PCV, IPV from birth to six months. From ages 12-18 months she receives MMR, Varicella, Hep A. The child will receive DTap, MMR, IPV, and Varicella at six years old. Future immunizations she can look forward to are MMV, TDap, as well as the HPV vaccine if the mother chooses to have her daughter receive it. That vaccine will consist of a total of three one will be two months after initial dose and the last will be six months after initial dose. The child has met the expected developmental milestones of a normal five year old from my observation. The child was able to count to 100; she was also able to draw a person with six body parts as well as hair and accessories. She had no difficulty copying shapes and matching them with the correct color. She can print the Alphabet and spell her name. Spelling her name was not a expected developmental milestone for a five year old but she did it with no difficulties. Throughout this paper I will go more in detail on specific milestones for a five...
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...life, understanding theories of development will assist us in motivating and guiding others, as well as understanding ourselves. The following theories of development will be applied to this author’s personal life experience: Jean Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development, Developmental Stage Theory of Erik Erikson, Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development, and Developmental Milestone: Motor Development will all be briefly explained. This author will provide examples of ways thinking has shifted to indicate entering the Formal Operational Thought stage. One stage of Erik Erikson’s Developmental Stage Theory will be chosen and will be applied to this author’s personal life. One decision this author made that was based on Kohlberg’s three levels of moral development will be described. Finally, based on a child this author has known, the description of this child has progressed from rolling over, sitting, standing and walking. This is also known as the four developmental milestones. Jean Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget is a psychologist who “identified stages of mental development, called Schema, and established the fields of cognitive theory and developmental psychology” (McLeod, 2009). Schema is defined as “a cohesive, repeatable action sequence possessing component actions that are tightly interconnected and governed by a core meaning” (McLeod, 2009). According to Piaget, the four stages of cognitive development are: sensorimotor...
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