...Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases in which the patient experiences hyperglycemia resulting from a decrease in the secretion or use of insulin. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune or idiopathic disorder in which the body destroys the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, leaving it to be unable to produce insulin. The disorder begins with insulitis, which is an inflammatory process that occurs due to the destruction of the islet cells, which contain the beta cells. In this process insulin production slowly stops and the patient begins to experience the symptoms of diabetes, such as hyperglycemia and ketosis, when 80-90% of the beta cells have been destroyed (LeMone, Burke, Bauldoff, & Gubrud-Howe, 2015). J.T....
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...The incidence and challenges of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 in Saudi Arabia Name Institution The incidence and challenges of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 in Saudi Arabia The prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 cases in Saudi Arabia is currently estimated to stand at 17.7% for men and 16.4% for women. This constitutes about 33% in total. These records are according to the report of the International Diabetes Federation study done in the year 2015 (Afifi, et al. 2014). By the year 2015, there were 3.4 million people suffering diabetes from in Saudi Arabia. It happens to be amongst the leading 10 nations in the world in diabetes cases in general. It is projected that the prevalence for diabetes mellitus type 2 will be 20.8% for the whole population ("Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension And Hyperlipidemia Among Students And Employees In University Of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia," 2016). . The Saudi population is discovered very late because of the subtle nature of the disease. It does not have very clear symptoms from the beginning. Most of the people found with this type of diabetes are those with liver diseases and the cases are discovered during diagnosis of other sicknesses. The spread of the disease in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is attributed to two factors. The first is lifestyle, where people are reportedly engaged in smoking, poor eating habits leading to obesity, lack of physical exercise and negligence of medical checkups. The other factors that cause the spread...
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...Immigrant Minority Health: Disparities in Self-Reported Diabetes Mellitus among Arab, Chaldean, and Black Americans in Southeast Michigan. Hikmet Jamil, Monty Fakhouri, Florence Dallo, Thomas Templin, Radwan Khoury, Haifa Fakhouri Wayne State University, University of Texas Immigrant Minority Health: Disparities in Self-Reported Diabetes Mellitus among Arab, Chaldean, and Black Americans in Southeast Michigan Abstract This study shows a disproportionately amount of minorities are affected by diabetes mellitus in the medical community. This study reveals statistic facts as well as documented facts. Research has consistently documented that on almost any measure, minorities have poorer health than do other groups. Not many minorities report to their primary care physician for some signs and symptoms due to diabetes mellitus. The United States population has become increasingly diverse, making it a reliable source of information on the reports of this disease. This research will show facts as to why immigrant minorities have disparities among minorities. Social, economic, and environmental factors are research to find the disparities of this deadly disease. This study examines the effects it has on three ethnic groups: Arabs, Chaldean, and Blacks. Using...
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...Kristen Holstege A Case of Diabetes Insipidus (modified) Case Presentation Morgan Richards is a 20-year-old junior in college. She is majoring in nursing and hopes someday to be a nurse practitioner. Beginning about a month ago, Morgan noticed that she was waking up once, sometimes twice a night, by the need to go to the bathroom. More recently, she has noticed that she needs to go to the bathroom during her day much more frequently than before, sometimes as often as once every hour. At first Morgan thought that her increased frequency of urination was due to the coffee she drank, but when she reduced her coffee consumption to one cup in the morning, she still needed to go to the bathroom just as often. In addition, Morgan was buying bottled...
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...Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Name Institution Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Introduction Diabetes, often called by health experts, diabetes mellitus, is a metabolic condition which causes an increase in the level of blood sugars (Stehouwer, 2009). Patients suffering from diabetes become increasingly hungry (polyphagia) and thirsty (polydipsia) (Friesen, 2003). In addition, they experience polynuria, which is a condition characterized by frequent urination. Diabetes can be categorized into three types. The first group is Type 1 diabetes. It is also known as juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes. It often develops in early adulthood, before an individual attains 40 years. The second-type and most common is the type 2 diabetes. It accounts for close to 90% of all diabetes cases reported around the world. It occurs when the body cells fail to react to insulin in the body. In addition, type 2 diabetes can occur when the beta cells in the body are not able to produce adequate insulin (Tuomi, 2005). 3) Gestational diabetes. It affects women, especially during pregnancy periods (Feig, 2012). Hence, this paper on diabetes will provide a brief summary of the disease process. In addition, the paper will also focus on a study on diabetes in an article entitled, “Hemoglobin A1C as a Diagnostic Tool for Diabetes Screening and New-Onset Diabetes Prediction," by highlighting the purpose of the study, method of study, findings and its implications to nursing...
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...Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Name Institution Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Introduction Diabetes, often called by health experts, diabetes mellitus, is a metabolic condition which causes an increase in the level of blood sugars (Stehouwer, 2009). Patients suffering from diabetes become increasingly hungry (polyphagia) and thirsty (polydipsia) (Friesen, 2003). In addition, they experience polynuria, which is a condition characterized by frequent urination. Diabetes can be categorized into three types. The first group is Type 1 diabetes. It is also known as juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes. It often develops in early adulthood, before an individual attains 40 years. The second-type and most common is the type 2 diabetes. It accounts for close to 90% of all diabetes cases reported around the world. It occurs when the body cells fail to react to insulin in the body. In addition, type 2 diabetes can occur when the beta cells in the body are not able to produce adequate insulin (Tuomi, 2005). 3) Gestational diabetes. It affects women, especially during pregnancy periods (Feig, 2012). Hence, this paper on diabetes will provide a brief summary of the disease process. In addition, the paper will also focus on a study on diabetes in an article entitled, “Hemoglobin A1C as a Diagnostic Tool for Diabetes Screening and New-Onset Diabetes Prediction," by highlighting the purpose of the study, method of study, findings and its implications to nursing...
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...This purpose of this paper is to explain what causes diabetes and the associated effects this condition has on the organs and systems within the body. Diabetes mellitus has been known to have an effect on nearly every part of the body and has been linked to conditions like hypertension, and diabetic neuropathy. Recently there has been a significant increase in the number of cases of Diabetes mellitus within the United States alone the number of cases has dramatically increased over the last decade. This increase does not only affect the U.S. but a majority of the world. The increase has been seen in both type one and type two. Many of the areas have correlating health issues associated with Diabetes mellitus. It is most prevalent in the North...
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...Chester Mallari, Romina Malvar, Alfred Mamauag, Mary Jo CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder, its prevalence varying widely worldwide (Takrouri, 2009). The frequency of the diabetes escalate worldwide, with a major impact on the population of developing countries (Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine. 15th edition, 1997). (I ERASED THE USA PART I JUST FOCUSED IN THE PHILIPPINES) In the Philippines, diabetes ranked 8th in the leading causes of mortality (Department of Health, 2005). As many as 1.4 million Filipino adults (aged 20 and above) acquired diabetes in the last five years mainly because of unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles, according to data compiled by anti-diabetes advocates. It has been proven that the prevalence of diabetes is constantly on the rise (Takrouri, 2009). According to a study made by Wild et al, the total number of people with diabetes is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 worldwide(Diabetes Care, 2004). Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long-term medical attention both to limit the development of its devastating complications and to manage them when they do occur. It is a disproportionately expensive disease; in 2002, the per-capita cost of health care was $13,243 for people with diabetes,...
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...Is type 2 diabetes a public health emergency? Definition: The term ‘diabetes mellitus’ describes a metabolic disorder of multiple causes characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrates , fats and protein metabolism which results in abnormal insulin secretion or/ and insulin action. The effects of diabetes mellitus include long-term damage dysfunction and failure of various organs (WHO). Types of diabetes: There are two main types of Diabetes: * Type 1diabetes (T1B) which usually develops in childhood and adolescence and the patients require lifelong insulin injections for survival. * Type 2 diabetes (T2B) usually occurs in adulthood and it is also related to obesity as well as lack of physical activity and unhealthy diets. This is the more common type of diabetes (representing 90% of diabetes cases worldwide) and treatment may involve lifestyle modifications and weight loss alone or oral medicines or even insulin injections. * Other categories of diabetes: There are other categories of diabetes which includes gestational diabetes (a state of hyperglycaemia which develops during pregnancy) and other rarer causes (genetic syndromes, acquired processes such as pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis or exposure to certain drugs, viruses and unknown causes). Burden of diabetes: * The development of diabetes is projected to reach pandemic proportions over the next 10-20 years. * International diabetes federation data showed in 2025 the number...
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...How to control complication of type 2 Diabetes Palakkumar Patel Monroe College Abstract This paper is presenting about how to control complication of type 2 diabetes. In the USA 90% of diabetes patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. In every year lots of patients going to die due to type 2 diabetes complication. In previous studies review is presenting about due to type 2 diabetes so many complications are occurring in different part of the body and some study is presenting about due to health education we can reduce the problem in community. By doing heath education, continues health check up and doing some personal health counseling about diet and personal lifestyles.in school health education also effect on child on diet personal life styles. How to control complication of type 2 Diabetes Chapter 1: Introduction Diabetes is a leading cause of adult-onset blindness, kidney failure, and non traumatic limb amputations; significantly higher risk for coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke, and they have a hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity; Diabetes is a the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (1). USA is expending $245 billion annually for health care expenditures and productivity losses and is a leading driver of growing Medicare expenditures for controlling glucose levels, blood pressure (BP), and lipid levels and avoiding tobacco, singularly or in combination, reduce the incidence of costly and disabling micro- and...
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...Endocrine Disorders At the end of this week, the student will be able to: 1. Describe the negative feedback system for hormone control. 2. Differentiate type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. 3. Identify etiologic risk factors for diabetes mellitus and early manifestations. 4. Compare and contrast hypoglycemia with hyperglycemia. 5. Describe the chronic complications associated with diabetes mellitus. 6. Differentiate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketosis (HHNK). 7. Explain the effects of excess and deficit of thyroid hormone. Learning activities: 1. Read Chapter 31-33 in Porth. 2. Access the power point presentation in course documents. 3. Answer the following study questions: a. Why would a teenager with diabetes mellitus be more likely to have acute complications than an older adult? b. Compare the manifestations of DKA and HHNK. c. Describe two chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and discuss preventive measures for each. d. Identify the effects of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in an adult. Complete the following case analysis: A 45-year-old female develops Graves’ disease (hyperthyroidism). She is married with two children ages 8 and 10. She works full-time as a grocery store clerk and goes to school part-time two evenings each week. During the past month, her mother died in an automobile accident and her father was diagnosed with prostate cancer...
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...EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE RESEARCH- TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS IN CHILDREN EBP RESEARCH- TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS IN CHILDREN EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE RESEARCH- TYPE 1 DIABETES IN CHILDREN According to Health Encyclopedia, “The most common type of diabetes in children is type 1 diabetes… [It] is one of the most common chronic diseases in children… [It] accounts for 5 percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes in the U.S” (Pat, 2015). Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is also known as juvenile, brittle, sugar and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The focus of this paper will be on understanding how T1DM is diagnosed and identifying a research or evidence-based article that focuses comprehensively on a specific intervention or new diagnostic tool for the treatment of diabetes in children. Forms of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus There are two forms of this disease. They are idiopathic type 1 and immune-mediated diabetes. Idiopathic type 1 diabetes is diabetes with no identifiable cause; i.e. unknown cause while Immune- mediated diabetes; the most common form of type 1 diabetes results from the body’s immune system attacking and destroying pancreatic cells thereby prohibiting its cells from producing little to no insulin. Research suggest that environment, virus, family history or genetic may play a role in increasing the risk and likelihood of having T1DM and or the body attacking its own cells (autoimmunity). Further...
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...Approximately 17 million Americans have diabetes.(Lamb) As many as one-half are unaware they have it. This chronic disease causes serious health complications including renal failure, heart disease, stroke, and blindness. It is a condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced. Then glucose in the blood is not able to be absorbed into the cells of the body.(Kishore) The cells in the human body need energy in order to function. Glucose is the body's primary energy source. It is a simple sugar resulting from the digestion of foods containing carbohydrates. It circulates in the blood from the foods that are digested as a ready energy source for any cells that need it. Insulin is a hormone or chemical produced by cells in the pancreas, it is located behind the stomach. It bonds to a receptor site on the outside of cell and goes into the cell through which glucose can enter. Glucose can be saved for later use by converting to concentrated energy sources like glycogen or fatty acids. When there is not enough insulin produced , glucose stays in the blood rather entering the cells. The body will attempt to dilute the high level of glucose in the blood, which called hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia acts by drawing water out of the cells and into the bloodstream, to dilute the sugar and excrete it in the urine. People with undiagnosed diabetes to be constantly thirsty, drink large quantities of water, and urinate...
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...Student number 213059356 HND 701 pathophysiology of Diabetes Assignment 1 Word count 2130 Student name Trevor Clemens Student number 213059356 Page 1 of 17 Student number 213059356 Many aspects must be taken into consideration in attaining knowledge and understanding of diabetes, it is not just a metabolic process. There are multiple risk factors that precipitate the metabolic process leading to a diagnosis. The following analyses relevant data in relation to pathophysiology, presenting signs, symptoms and underpinning principles of Type One Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type Two Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), their prevalence and incidence, metabolic abnormalities and associated risk factors are also examined. Diagnostic criteria is also examined along with advantages and disadvantages of differing testing screen methods and results. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Australian Health Survey 2012, reported that in 2011 – 12 the prevalence of all reported diabetes was at 4.0% (875,400 people) and had remained the same as the 2007/’08 period. Of these people 12.4% had T1DM, 85.3% had T2DM while the remaining 2.3% had diabetes of another kind. Tanamas S, et al. (2013) stated that the prevalence of type two diabetes in peoples over the age of 25 years in Australia is 7.4% and that a further 7.4% remain undiagnosed. The dominance of western lifestyles and diets has contributed to a dramatic rise in obesity within the population. It is contended...
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...Type 1 Diabetes Definition: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease in which the pancreas no longer produces a sufficient amount of insulin or the cells do not respond to the insulin that is being produced. This causes the glucose in the body to not be a absorbed by the cells. Type 1 Diabetes or Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) happens when the body does not produce insulin, requiring the individual to inject insulin. Epidemiology: Type 1 Diabetes is prevalent among children and adolescents. Studies have shown that children receiving oral antibodies and insulin has increased eight times between 1998 and 2005.( Hindmarsh et al., 2009) The current global increase in incidence of 3% per year is well reported, and it is predicted that the incidence of type 1 diabetes will be 40% higher in 2010 than in 1998. (Gillespie 2006) The Search for Diabetes in Youth found that type 1 diabetes is the primarily in children 10 years and younger.(Aanstoot et al., 2007) High rates of type 1 diabetes were found in non-Hispanic white youth.(Dabelea et al., 2011) While most cases of type 1 diabetes are found in children and adolescents there is an increasing rate in older adults. Etiology: Type 1 DM is linked to a genetic component. Antibodies to the islet cell and to insulin are can be positive for several years before diabetes occurs. Non-genetic factors may also contribute. Viruse such as mumps, rubella, coxsackievirus B4 can be potential triggers for immunologic...
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