...Current Issues and Possible Solutions Regarding the Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnostic Criteria Although definitions of mental illness have changed over time, many problems still exist within the world of mental health. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, used to diagnose mental illnesses, is not perfect. Borderline Personality Disorder is one of many disorders addressed within this manual, and problems exist within the diagnosis of this disorder too. As it currently stands, the DSM diagnostic criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder is not sufficient because of issues with under diagnosis, potential misclassification, stigma and gender bias. Before discussing if the current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual...
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...Institute of Health (NIH) (2011) the term “spectrum” refers to the wide range of symptoms, skills, and levels of impairment, or disability that children with ASD can have. As indicated by Johnson and Myers, Leo Kanner, a psychiatrist at Johns Hopkins University first described autism in a small group of children in 1943 (as cited in Kanner, 1943). Kanner documented that they showed extreme aloofness and total indifference to other people. In 1944, Hans Asperger, an Austrian pediatrician published an article that demonstrated symptoms similar to those of Janner’s patients, with the exception that verbal and cognitive skills were much higher (Johnson & Myers, 2007). The term “infantile autism” first appeared as a diagnostic label in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM- III) (3rd ed.; DSM–III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980). Criteria for ASD...
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...University of South Carolina Katina Clark Autism Autism is described by mental health professionals as a complex and life-long biological disorder of development that causes difficulties in communication skills, problems with social interactions, and repetitive or restrictive behaviors and interests. According to the Autism Society of America, autism is described as a “spectrum disorder”, a group of conditions with a range of similar features, rather than one condition. Children diagnosed with autism can exhibit widely different symptoms ranging from mild to severe and varying in intensity from symptom to symptom (Schoen, 2003). Autistic Disorder is outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and is classified as a pervasive developmental disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). A diagnosis of autism must meet certain criteria, which are specifically outlined in the DSM-IV. Although there has been no specific cause identified for autism (Schoen, 2003), there are current studies being done to research possibilities such as congenital brain damage, a genetic disorder or a relationship between autism and vaccines. Autism can be reliably diagnosed by or before age three. The Autism Society of America has developed an Autism Checklist, which can be used to determine if a child should be medically evaluated for autism. Some of the behaviors on this checklist include difficulty...
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...Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic Cluster C (anxious) Avoidant Dependent Obsessive–compulsive Not specified Depressive Passive-aggressive Sadistic Self-defeating Psychopathy v t e Antisocial (or dissocial) personality disorder is characterized by a lack of empathy or remorse and a pervasive pattern of disregard for, or violation of, the rights of others. There may be an impoverished moral sense or conscience and a history of crime, legal problems, and impulsive and aggressive behavior. Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is the name of the disorder as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM). Dissocial personality disorder is the name of a similar or equivalent concept defined in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), where it states that the diagnosis includes antisocial personality disorder. Both manuals have similar but not identical criteria.[1] Both have also stated that their diagnoses have been referred to, or include what is referred to, as psychopathy or sociopathy, though distinctions are sometimes made.[2][3][4][5][6] Contents [hide] 1 Diagnosis 1.1 DSM-IV-TR 1.2 ICD-10 2 Further considerations 2.1 Psychopathy 2.2 Theodore Millon's...
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...to further aid in diagnosing mental illnesses and to push for specific measures as part of the diagnostic criteria. In this week paper I will respond to both articles and give my response to my thoughts when it relates to the usage of utility psychological measurements in relations to mental illness. Response Paper: The Usage of Utility Psychological Measurement for Mental Illness Diagnosis “The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) marks the first significant revision of the publication since the DSM-IV in 1994. Changes to the DSM were largely informed by advancements in neuroscience, clinical and public health need, and identified problems with the classification system and criteria put forth” (Regier, Kuhl, and Kupfer, 2013). Because of the new movement in psychology, the requirements of utility usage in psychological measurements, can now help aid with diagnosing mental illness. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a form of dementia that causes a change in the brain resulting in the loss of memory, changes the way an individual think, and eventually affects the language. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is classified as a syndrome that decrease cognitive ability, although it does not interfere with daily living, people with (MCI) are at risk to developing dementia. The first article introduced the use of the NAB List Learning test using diagnostic utility, which was found to be a promising for...
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...Passive-aggressive * Sadistic * Self-defeating | * v * t * e | Antisocial (Dissocial) Personality Disorder is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for, or violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. There may be an impoverished moral sense or conscience and a history of crime, legal problems, impulsive and aggressive behavior. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) and the World Health Organization's International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems' (ICD) (F60.2 Dissocial personality disorder.[1]) have similar but not identical criteria. Both have stated that their diagnosis has also been known as psychopathy or sociopathy, though the criteria are different to some other commonly used assessments.[2][3][4][5][6] Antisocial personality disorder falls under the dramatic/erratic cluster of personality disorders.[7] SM-IV-TR The Diagnostic and...
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...Sankis, 2000). Despite this centrality, evidence supporting the distinction between healthy functioning and mental disorders remains disjointed. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) defines a mental disorder in part as “… a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction...
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...PL3236 - Abnormal Unit 3 Notes – Assessment and Diagnosis Term | Info | Intro | * Clinical Assessment - the process of gathering information about a person and his or her environment to make decisions about the nature, status, and treatment of psychological problems * Typically begins with a set of Referral Questions developed in response to a request for help * Determine the goals of the assessment and select appropriate psych tests or measures | Goals of Assessment | * What procedures and instruments to use – age, med condition, and symptoms influence tools – psychologist’s theoretical perspective also affects scope. * Integrate findings to develop preliminary answers – shares this – process sometimes has therapeutic effect – feedback | Screening | * Screening - an assessment process that attempts to identify psychological problems or predict the risk of future problems among people who are not referred for clinical assessment * All members of group are given a brief measure for which some identified cutoff score indicates the possibility of significant problems, e.g. Centre for Epidemiological Studies-D (CES-D) – possibility of depression. * General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) – broad-based – indicates if more thorough evaluation is needed. * AUDIT test – 10-item screen to identify substance abuse * To evaluate usefulness of screening, they must have: * Sensitivity – ability of the screener/instrument to identify a problem that actually exists...
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...Data Collection and Analysis Grid Use the two articles assigned by your facilitator to identify the following data collection, analysis, and measurement elements for the studies. Limit each box to no more than three sentences. | Qualitative | Quantitative | Data collection methods | This study was conducted by interview with a limited number of patients presenting to the emergency department with a chief complaint of chest pain over a three month period. The study was a spin off from a quantitative study that existed on the influence of psychosocial factors in patients. In addition, the study was designed to give quality to the numerical values of chest pain patients who were studied. | The goal of the study was to develop a baseline of how many complications there are after cardiac catheterization and after percutaneous coronary intervention. The study was a correlation of 11,119 people. With 4,010 participants the researchers compare the reactions of eptifibatide and a placebo. Nursing interventions were observed after cardiac catheterization and after percutaneous coronary intervention. The researchers took data from the patient’s records between 2001 and 2003 to conclude his or her results. | Data collection instruments | The patients interviewed by conversation consisted of 11 men and eight women. The interviewer asked three main questions of participants in Swedish and let him or her express freely his or her pain experiences. The interviews were recorded...
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...techniques include the measures for Statistical Process Control (SPC), those alarms that are based on different deviation limits for rates of change or process variables, and the summary alarms that are produced by packaged subsystems. Accordingly, fault diagnosis focuses on establishing the root cause(s) of problems and subsequently taking the appropriate action that remedies the identified problem(s). It is imperative to point out that fault diagnosis is also described as “fault isolation,” which is completely different from fault detection. Traditionally, there is a tendency for fault diagnosis to be referred to as fault detection. Therefore, fault isolation largely emphasizes the distinction that exists between the two terms. On the other hand, diagnosis specification can be defined as a prioritized list of both the non-technical and technical requirements needed to perform fault diagnosis, the identification of symptoms, and the recommendations for the electrical, computer, or mechanical-based vehicle systems. The typical diagnostic techniques that are often used are symptom-fault-cause-location sequence used for full diagnosis, past historical knowledge regarding the faults in the system, and the use of appropriate methodology for solving problems. The different factors that influence fault diagnosis techniques include the logical processes, the ease of use, the required specialist or diagnostic equipment, equipment costs, workshop manuals, the potential to save time, telemetry...
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...We all want to feel connected, but some of have trouble recognizing the line between normal longing for human connection and unhealthy addiction to outside validation. Maria Konnikova asserts the is the main catalyst in internet addiction; lack of connectivity. Though commonly ignored as a valid illness, research suggests internet addiction is one of the most prominent and contemporary forms of behavior addiction, for this same reason. Drawing from an uncontrollable urge to simulate “Connection” over the internet, internet addiction is modern plague and though not credited in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) Maria Konnikova claims it is a very real issue, and presents convince research to support her claim.. Kolmova is onto something...
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...question asked by many upon the gruesome discovery of a murder victim is, “Who could commit such a heinous crime?” Newspaper journalists, broadcast reporters, and the public alike, have asked the question, “What kind of person is capable of taking another person’s life?” A person with Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is capable of just that and much more. Common careers of people diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder include, sales, management, and business professionals, as well as con artists. This is not an exhaustive list of careers for the antisocial person, as it is common practice for an antisocial person to be a career criminal, and in the most severe cases a serial killer. APD has been defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association as a person having, “a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others” (1994, p.645). The criteria outlined in the DSM-IV notes that APD behavior is indicated by at least 3 of the following characteristics: 1) failure to conform to social norms, 2) deceitfulness, 3) impulsivity, 4) irritability, 5) reckless disregard for safety of self or others, 6) consistent irresponsibility, and 7) lack of remorse (1994, p. 645). It is essential to isolate the cause or causes of antisocial behavior because people with APD account for such a large portion of the criminal population. In The Antisocial Personalities, David Lykken notes...
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...Analysis of Mental Illness v. Drug Abuse Offenses Sandra L. Manela CRJ308: Psychology of Criminal Behavior Currie Gauvreau January 16, 2012 Analysis of Mental Illness v. Drug Abuse Offenses Many have criminalized mental illness and, all too often, mental illness has been used in criminal courts as a legal defense. It may be that more criminals are looking for this defense to be their ticket to criminal activity thinking that a serious mental illness would trump conviction. This has given mental illness the stigma it has today. The forthcoming analysis will shed light on the findings of four psychiatrists from the state of Hawaii; the objective, method used, the results, and conclusion of a possible linkage of the effects that mental illness and drug abuse have concerning criminal offenses. The four psychiatrists are from the University of Hawaii. Dr. Junginger is affiliated with the Mental Health Clinical Center at the Department of Veterans Affairs in Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. Claypoole and Dr. Crisanti are with the Department of Psychology at the University of Hawaii, Manoa, in Honolulu. Finally, Dr. Laygo is with ORC (Offender Re-entry Community) Macro in Atlanta. The mere presence of a mental illness does not guarantee that a defendant will be found incompetent to stand trial. Mental disorder classifications are published in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and were compiled by committees appointed by the American...
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...As stated by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders American Psychiatric Associate. (2014), “similar to the risk generally observed for all substance use disorder, opioid use disorder is associated with a heightened risk for suicide attempts and completed suicides”. The assessments that were given showed that Marifel was at a high risk of suicide, the family showed a history of drug addiction (based on the genogram), and Marifel was willing to accept and accomplish the therapy based on her PTSD that was determined, drug abuse, and suicide. A diagnosis concerning the mental state could not be evaluated based on the information that was given however, there is the suspicion that a mental health disorder could be given. This will be accomplished after the client has had further evaluation from other health care persons. This will be performed on the client because there may have been a possible brain injury or biological disorder that has developed in the client. Peoples whose brains do not function properly often show problems in psychological functioning (Lewis, T. F. 2014). Furthermore, other problems that may be associated to the client may be nonadherence to medical treatment (v15.81). as stated by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders American Psychiatric Associate. (2014), “this category can be...
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...consider the dopamine transporter as a primary candidate gene for ADHD. To avoid effects of population stratification and to avoid the problem of classification of relatives with other psychiatric disorders as affected or unaffected, we used the haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR) method to test for association between a VNTR polymorphism at the dopamine transporter locus (DAT1) and DSM-IR-diagnosed ADHD (N = 49) and undifferentiated attention-deficit disorder (UADD) (N = 8) in trios composed of father, mother, and affected offspring. HHRR analysis revealed significant association between ADHD/UADD and the 480-bp DAT1 allele (X2 7.51, 1 df, P = .006). When cases of UADD were dropped from the analysis, similar results were found (X2 7.29, 1 df, P = .007). If these findings are replicated, molecular analysis of the dopamine transporter gene may identify mutations that increase susceptibility to ADHD/UADD. Biochemical analysis of such mutations may lead to development of...
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