...United States gains a large tax-paying citizenship. Admittedly, without benefit of research or a visit to the country, this family member’s theory consists of stereotype and over-generalization. Even so, it illustrates the point. With unemployment rates soaring, and the economy in a tailspin, many blame illegal immigration for current turmoil, and many theories abound. California If considered as an independent nation, California would rank among the world’s 10 largest economies (Hutchinson Encyclopedia, California, 2009). From rural to metropolis; from dry desert to lush forest to sand beaches; from unemployed or destitute to upper class, noteworthy, or famous, California’s diversity makes the state in ideal cross-section and case study for the United States. In realms of the judicial, the political, and the commercial, what happens in California sets precedent for what is possible elsewhere. California voters approved Prop 187 in 1994, denying illegal immigrants social services (California...
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...CASE STUDY 5.1 Using the ‘Technology as Experience’ Framework Introduction To show how the Technology as Experience framework (introduced in Chapter 5) can be used to think about and inform design, two case studies are presented here. Both used it to guide their initial ideas for the design of two different websites: (i) an online fundraising site and (ii) a site that reviews men’s clothing, intended to appeal to men who do not enjoy shopping. Both were written by students as part of a graduate course in Human-Computer Interaction and hence it should be noted are only hypothetical websites (see the end of the case study for the assignmenti ). The first was written by Heather Collins when she was a graduate student at Indiana University. She used primarily the sensory and compositional threads of the framework, leading to insights on how fundraising organizations can maximize their website to tell a compelling story to a potential donor that is balanced in content and emotion. Her design combines elements of storytelling, appropriate emotional triggers, and a welcoming atmosphere to encourage potential donors to act by making a donation, volunteering their time, telling their friends, or attending a related event. Through this process, the donor can create a meaningful connection to a cause or problem directly impacting their community. The personal connection makes the online donation experience pleasurable for the user. The second was written by Aaron Loehrlein when he was also...
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...CASE STUDY 5.1 Using the ‘Technology as Experience’ Framework Introduction To show how the Technology as Experience framework (introduced in Chapter 5) can be used to think about and inform design, two case studies are presented here. Both used it to guide their initial ideas for the design of two different websites: (i) an online fundraising site and (ii) a site that reviews men’s clothing, intended to appeal to men who do not enjoy shopping. Both were written by students as part of a graduate course in Human-Computer Interaction and hence it should be noted are only hypothetical websites (see the end of the case study for the assignmenti ). The first was written by Heather Collins when she was a graduate student at Indiana University. She used primarily the sensory and compositional threads of the framework, leading to insights on how fundraising organizations can maximize their website to tell a compelling story to a potential donor that is balanced in content and emotion. Her design combines elements of storytelling, appropriate emotional triggers, and a welcoming atmosphere to encourage potential donors to act by making a donation, volunteering their time, telling their friends, or attending a related event. Through this process, the donor can create a meaningful connection to a cause or problem directly impacting their community. The personal connection makes the online donation experience pleasurable for the user. The second was written by Aaron Loehrlein when he was also...
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...Witness Misidentification Freddricka Harris CCJ 4360-001 Monekka Munroe Misidentification can be defined as making a falsely or inaccurate identification. Witness can be defined as one who can give a firsthand account of something seen, heard, or experienced. (American Heritage Dictionary) When you put these two words together, you get witness misidentification which has been referred to as the single greatest cause of wrongful convictions nationwide, with nearly 75% of the convictions overturned through DNA testing. There have been 260 exonerations across the country based on forensic DNA testing with 3 out of 4 involving cases of eyewitness misidentification. (Innocence Project 1999) In 1907 or 1908, Hugo Munsterberg published “On the Witness Stand”; he questioned the reliability of eyewitness identification. As recent as 30 or 40 years ago, the Supreme Court acknowledged that eyewitness identification is problematic and can lead to wrongful convictions. The Supreme Court instructed lower courts to determine the validity of eyewitness testimony based on irrelevant factors, like the certainty of the witness, the certainty you express in court during the trial has nothing to do with how certain you feel two days after the event when you pick a photograph out of a set or pick the suspect out of a lineup. It has been said that you become more certain over time. (The Confidential Resource September 15, 2010) An eyewitness viewing a simultaneous lineup...
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...in incarceration amongst the races. Blatant cases of racist law enforcement that are covered in the news are a testament to the fact that racism within police departments exists from coast to coast. However, these are only the cases that people find out about; there are countless other cases of police racism and brutality that are not reported. A series of reports that have been published in the last few years have shown that young black men are being incarcerated at a rate far greater than their number in the overall population. In the fall of 1995, Vincent Schiraldi, executive director of the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice in San Francisco, released a study that found that nationally 33% of the black men in their 20~s were under the control of the criminal justice system in some way, shape or form. This shows an increase from 1991, when 25% of the black men nationwide ages 20 to 29 were incarcerated, on probation, or on parole (Butterfield 1996). Schiraldi, attributed the higher incarceration rates for black men to tougher punishment for the use of crack cocaine than for other drugs; harsh new sentencing laws; the prison construction boom; and poverty, lack of good jobs and poor education in inner cities. We will address how tougher punishments have resulted in worse treatment for minorities in the criminal justice system. The tougher punishment for the use of crack cocaine, which is prevalent in minority neighborhoods, and the harsh new sentencing laws are a result...
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...Necessity knows no law. Bần cùng sinh đạo tặc. In December 2008, just a few months after the U.S. financial system imploded, New York City was hit by a flurry of bank robberies. On the Monday before New Year’s, four banks were attacked in an hour-and-a-half; one daytime raid took place just steps from the Lincoln Center in downtown Manhattan. The week before, San Diego had seen four bank holdups in a single day. Criminologists wondered if the holiday spree was the first sign of a looming crime wave in recession-battered America. Take an uptick in poverty and economic misery, toss in budget cuts to police departments across the country, and that should be a blueprint for chaos—right? Except, as it turns out, the exact opposite occurred. According to FBI statistics, crime rates went down across the board in 2009. Way down. Murder, rape, robbery, assault, auto theft—plummeted, one and all. Then, this week, the FBI released preliminary data for the first six months of 2010, and again the same pattern emerged. Violent crimes and property crimes alike have been falling in every region of the country. What gives? Have experts just completely misunderstood what causes people to commit crimes? There's certainly no shortage of theories for why crime rates have gone down over the past two years. The simplest is that crime just isn’t closely related to economic conditions. Consider, after all, the two big crime epidemics in the twentieth century—the first took root in the late 1960s...
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...Society A Report By: Blake Hogan, Emily Gilbert, Megan Leckington, and Chris Morris 1 Abstract: In today’s day and age, most everyone in our society has and uses a cell phone. Most of those who use cell phones also use the SMS text messaging that these phones feature. This study takes a look at some of the effects and potential problems arising from the use of this text messaging. A survey of students and instructors at Lane Community College found that 70% of those surveyed believed that texting had harmful effects on students writing skills. However, studies that were analyzed found that texting is actually beneficial. While 54% of teenagers text others on a daily basis only 33% of teenagers talk to others face-to-face, yet it is too early in research to draw a conclusion on whether texting is harmful to their social skills. Most people know that text messaging while driving is very dangerous, yet the studies analyzed as well as the surveys conducted show that some people are still willing to take that risk. Table of Contents: Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………….1 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………….1 List of Figures……………………………………………………………………………...1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..2 Methodology……………………………………………………………………………….2 Participants………………………………………………………………………………...
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...All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Starkey, Lauren B., 1962– SAT writing essentials / Lauren Starkey. p. cm. ISBN 1-57685-532-5 1. English language—Composition and exercises—Examinations—Study guides. 2. SAT (Educational test)—Study guides. I. Title. LB1631.5.S785 2006 378.1'662—dc22 2005027520 Printed in the United States of America 987654321 ISBN 1-57685-532-5 For more information or to place an order, contact LearningExpress at: 55 Broadway 8th Floor New York, NY 10006 Or visit us at: www.learnatest.com About the Author Lauren Starkey is a writer and editor who specializes in educational and reference works. Her thirteen years of experience include eight years on the editorial staff of the Oxford English Dictionary. The author of more than ten volumes, Lauren lives in Essex, Vermont, with her husband and three children. v Contents CHAPTER 1 Getting to Know the Writing Section of the New SAT Old versus New Strategies for Test Taking Scoring SAT Study Timetable 1 1 2 4 5 11 12 32 45 55 56 58 59 59 65 68 69 CHAPTER 2 The Multiple-Choice Section Identifying Sentence Errors Improving Sentences Improving Paragraphs CHAPTER 3 The Essay Strategies for Timed Essays Understanding the Prompts The Art of Persuasion Anatomy of an Essay Planning Your Essay Drafting Your Essay Essay Writing Workshop ...
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...All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Starkey, Lauren B., 1962– SAT writing essentials / Lauren Starkey. p. cm. ISBN 1-57685-532-5 1. English language—Composition and exercises—Examinations—Study guides. 2. SAT (Educational test)—Study guides. I. Title. LB1631.5.S785 2006 378.1'662—dc22 2005027520 Printed in the United States of America 987654321 ISBN 1-57685-532-5 For more information or to place an order, contact LearningExpress at: 55 Broadway 8th Floor New York, NY 10006 Or visit us at: www.learnatest.com About the Author Lauren Starkey is a writer and editor who specializes in educational and reference works. Her thirteen years of experience include eight years on the editorial staff of the Oxford English Dictionary. The author of more than ten volumes, Lauren lives in Essex, Vermont, with her husband and three children. v Contents CHAPTER 1 1 Old versus New 1 Strategies for Test Taking 2 Scoring 4 SAT Study Timetable CHAPTER 2 Getting to Know the Writing Section of the New SAT 5 11 Identifying Sentence Errors 12 Improving Sentences 32 Improving Paragraphs CHAPTER 3 The Multiple-Choice Section 45 The Essay 55 Strategies for Timed Essays 56 Understanding the Prompts 58 The Art of Persuasion 59 Anatomy...
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...Stanford University and Duke University Rachel E. Kahn University of New Orleans Walter Sinnott-Armstrong Duke University This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly. Robert Kurzban University of Pennsylvania Paul H. Robinson University of Pennsylvania Law School Kent A. Kiehl University of New Mexico and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico Psychopathy research is plagued by an enigma: Psychopaths reliably act immorally, but they also accurately report whether an action is morally wrong. The current study revealed that cooperative suppressor effects and conflicting subsets of personality traits within the construct of psychopathy might help explain this conundrum. Among a sample of adult male offenders (N 100) who ranked deserved punishment of crimes, Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL–R) total scores were not linearly correlated with deserved punishment task performance. However, these null results masked significant opposing associations between task performance and factors of psychopathy: the PCL–R Interpersonal/Affective (i.e., manipulative and callous) factor was positively associated with task performance, while the PCL–R Social Deviance (i.e., impulsive and antisocial) factor was simultaneously negatively associated with task performance...
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...SEDL – Advancing Research, Improving Education The Impact of School, Family, and Community Connections on Student Achievement Annual Synthesis 2002 A New Wave of Evidence Anne T. Henderson Karen L. Mapp SEDL – Advancing Research, Improving Education The Impact of School, Family, and Community Connections on Student Achievement Annual Synthesis 2002 A New Wave of Evidence Anne T. Henderson Karen L. Mapp Contributors Amy Averett Joan Buttram Deborah Donnelly Marilyn Fowler Catherine Jordan Margaret Myers Evangelina Orozco Lacy Wood National Center for Family and Community Connections with Schools SEDL 4700 Mueller Blvd. Austin, Texas 78723 Voice: 512-476-6861 or 800-476-6861 Fax: 512-476-2286 Web site: www.sedl.org E-mail: info@sedl.org Copyright © 2002 by Southwest Educational Development Laboratory (SEDL). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from SEDL or by submitting a copyright request form accessible at http://www.sedl.org/about/copyright_request.html on the SEDL Web site. This publication was produced in whole or in part with funds from the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, under contract number ED-01-CO-0009. The content herein does not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department...
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...Journal of International Economics 76 (2008) 356–370 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of International Economics j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / e c o n b a s e Globalization and the dynamics of cultural identity Jacques Olivier a,b, Mathias Thoenig b,c,d,⁎, Thierry Verdier b,d a b c d HEC Paris, France CEPR, United Kingdom Université de Genève, Switzerland Paris School of Economics, France a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t This paper presents a simple model where micro-founded dynamics of cultural identity are endogenous and interact with an international trade equilibrium. This process generates a strong home bias under autarky. We then show that goods market integration causes a phenomenon of cultural divergence, whereby the distributions of cultures become more dissimilar across countries and one of the cultures that existed under autarky ultimately disappears. By way of contrast, we show that social integration causes cultural convergence and can counterbalance the effects of goods market integration. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 15 March 2006 Received in revised form 1 May 2007 Accepted 23 June 2008 Keywords: Cultural identity Cultural transmission International trade JEL classification: F02 F10 Z10 Z13 1. Introduction Revolutionary developments in information and transport technology are changing the world. Our daily lives are governed by...
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...helping me even during the odd hours. He was devoted towards seeing the work done properly. He made to make my research effort a reality and a success at the same time being such a good friend in need. I convey my heartfelt thanks for all these and without him; this project would not have been a success. I would like to thank Mr. Amath at Alethea International School. His advice and suggestions were valuable contributions at the initial stages of the study. I would like to express my deep appreciation to my CEO, Mrs. Kumari Hapugala Perera at Alethea International School for her understanding during the time of the study and encouragement given towards completing my dissertation. I extend my thanks to my dear friend for the constant words of encouragement and support during this study. I convey my heartfelt gratitude to my parents, Mr. D. M. Gunarathe and Mrs. Asoka Gunarathe for being my parents and my teachers in education philosophy. They were my pillars at the time of happiness and sorrow. They encouraged me to do my higher studies after 10 years of a break while providing me an undisturbed environment at home. Throughout this process my mother had become the...
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...FREAKONOMICS A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything Revised and Expanded Edition Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner CONTENTS AN EXPLANATORY NOTE In which the origins of this book are clarified. vii PREFACE TO THE REVISED AND EXPANDED EDITION xi 1 INTRODUCTION: The Hidden Side of Everything In which the book’s central idea is set forth: namely, if morality represents how people would like the world to work, then economics shows how it actually does work. Why the conventional wisdom is so often wrong . . . How “experts”— from criminologists to real-estate agents to political scientists—bend the facts . . . Why knowing what to measure, and how to measure it, is the key to understanding modern life . . . What is “freakonomics,” anyway? 1. What Do Schoolteachers and Sumo Wrestlers Have in Common? 15 In which we explore the beauty of incentives, as well as their dark side—cheating. Contents Who cheats? Just about everyone . . . How cheaters cheat, and how to catch them . . . Stories from an Israeli day-care center . . . The sudden disappearance of seven million American children . . . Cheating schoolteachers in Chicago . . . Why cheating to lose is worse than cheating to win . . . Could sumo wrestling, the national sport of Japan, be corrupt? . . . What the Bagel Man saw: mankind may be more honest than we think. 2. How Is the Ku Klux Klan Like a Group of Real-Estate Agents? 49 In which it is argued that nothing is more powerful than information,...
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...Indulgent Consumption GERGANA Y. NENKOV MAURA L. SCOTT This article examines the extent to which consumers engage in more indulgent consumption when they are exposed to whimsically cute products and explores the process by which such products affect indulgence. Prior research on kindchenschema (baby schema) has found that exposure to cute babies or baby animals leads to more careful behavior (see the study by Sherman, Haidt, and Coan), suggesting restraint. The present research uncovers the opposite: consumers become more indulgent in their behavior after exposure to whimsically cute products. Drawing from research on cognitive priming, kindchenschema, anthropomorphization, indulgence, and regulatory focus, this research posits that exposure to whimsically cute products primes mental representations of fun, increasing consumers’ focus on approaching self-rewards and making consumers more likely to choose indulgent options. These effects do not emerge for kindchenschema cute stimuli, since they prime mental representations of vulnerability and caretaking. Four empirical studies provide evidence for the proposed effects and their underlying process. C ompanies market a rapidly increasing number and variety of cute products across numerous categories, targeting not only children but also adult consumers. The marketplace is replete with cute clothing, utensils, appliances, foods, office supplies, and even automobiles, which are quite popular among adult consumers (Marcus...
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