...Financial and Managerial accounting are used for making sound financial decisions about an organization. They provide information of past quantitative financial activities and are useful in making future economic decisions. (Albrecht, Stice, Stice, & Skousen, 2002) The same financial data is used to derive reports for each accounting process yet they differ in some ways. Financial accounting primarily provides external reports for external users such as stock holders, creditors, regulating authority and others. (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010) On the other hand Managerial accounting is concern with providing information that deals with the internal viability of the organization and is tailored to meet the needs of an individual organization. (Albrecht, Stice, Stice, & Skousen, 2002) Managerial Accounting addresses those aspects that relates to an individual organization return on investments (ROI). (Albrecht, Stice, Stice, & Skousen, 2002) A company’s profitability depends on periodic attention to its assets turnover and profit margin. This process is designed to support the de... ... middle of paper ... ...egulator or auditor is going to insist that a company implement a good management accounting system. (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2010) The choice of how to collect and utilize information in a company is strictly management’s decision and is a part of the company’s competitive strategy. Financial and Managerial accounting are used for making sound financial...
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...Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells | | Part of our definition/description of what it means to be a living thing on Earth includes the assertion that living things are made of cells and cell products. In other words, we consider the cell to be a pretty fundamental structural aspect of life. Cells in our world come in two basic types, prokaryotic and eukaryotic. "Karyose" comes from a Greek word which means "kernel," as in a kernel of grain. In biology, we use this word root to refer to the nucleus of a cell. "Pro" means "before," and "eu" means "true," or "good." So "Prokaryotic" means "before a nucleus," and "eukaryotic" means "possessing a true nucleus." This is a big hint about one of the differences between these two cell types. Prokaryotic cells have no nuclei, while eukaryotic cells do have true nuclei. This is far from the only difference between these two cell types, however. Here's a simple visual comparison between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell: This particular eukaryotic cell happens to be an animal cell, but the cells of plants, fungi and protists are also eukaryotic. Despite their apparent differences, these two cell types have a lot in common. They perform most of the same kinds of functions, and in the same ways. Both are enclosed by plasma membranes, filled with cytoplasm, and loaded with small structures called ribosomes. Both have DNA which carries the archived instructions for operating the cell. And the similarities go far beyond the visible--physiologically...
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...Bio 101 Review Sheet Test #1 (Chapters 1-3) Chapter 1 1. Cell is basic unit of life 2. Hierarchy of life figure 3. 3 Energy categories and examples of each Producer-plants and some microbes Consumer-humans and other animals Decomposer-fungi and other animals 4. Energy transfers are not 100% efficient – why? Cant capture all of the energy supplied by one source a. Where does all energy for biology come from? sun 5. Homeostasis- state of internal consistency or equilibrium 6. 2 types of reproduction asexual and sexual b. Benefits to sexual reproduction benefit of tremendous variation 7. Adaptation inherited characteristics or behaviors that enables an organism to survive and reproduce successfully in a given environment c. How it contributes to natural selection and evolution individuals with the better combinations of genes survive and reproduce 8. Evolution change in genetic makeup of a population 9. Why it’s important to take all your antibiotics so all of the bacteria can be eliminated, some of the bacteria can become stronger. 10. Taxonomy classification of life’s diversity 11. What our species name is homo sapiens 12. Order of taxonomic categories – mnemonic device! Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 13. 3 domains bacteria, archaea, eukaryote d. Basic differences e. What our domain is f. What domain universal ancestor likely is in archaea ...
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...I. Characteristics of Life • List four main characteristics of all living things II. Diversity and Organizing Life • Describe three ways of classifying, or ordering, life on earth. • Given a random ordering of the levels of organization of life, rearrange them into the proper sequence. • Describe the concept "an organism is more than the sum of its parts." • List the six kingdoms of life. • By definition, distinguish between a population, a community, and an ecosystem. • Distinguish between a producer, a consumer and a decomposer. III. Origins of Diversity- Evolution of Life • Define the term "biodiversity. • Define the term "evolution." • Describe how diversity of life can arise by the operation of natural selection. IV. The Nature of Biological Inquiry – Scientific Method • Distinguish between a hypothesis and a prediction • Distinguish between inductive and deductive logic • What is meant by the phrase "potentially falsifiable hypothesis"? • Define the term "control group" and tell the value of a control group in an experiment • Define the term "theory" and tell at what point in a study a hypothesis becomes a theory • Design an experiment to test a given hypothesis, using the procedure and terminology of the scientific method. Try the problem: "Does temperature affect the breathing rate...
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...Difference between Catabolic and Anabolic Pathways * Catabolic Pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds. (eg Glucose catabolism) * Anabolic Pathways consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones. (eg amino acids to proteins) Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions * An exergonic reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous (energy released) * An endergonic reaction absorbs free energy from its surroundings and is nonspontaneous. (energy required) Spontaneous Process * Can occur without net energy input, can occur quickly or slowly. * During a spontaneous change, free energy decreases and the stability of the system increases. * Equilibrium is a state of maximum stability. * A process is spontaneous and can only perform work when it is moving toward equilibrium. Substrate Specificity of Enzymes * The reactant that the enzyme acts on is called the enzymes substrate. * The enzyme binds to its substrate forming an enzyme substrate complex. * The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds. * Induced fit of a substrate brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyse the reaction. Difference between Competitive and Noncompetitive Inhibitors * Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme; competing with the substrate. * Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to another part...
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...two types of bone cells osteoclasts and osteoblasts .Osteoblasts are responsible for the creation of new bone tissue, they are essential in forming bones when a fetus is developing in the womb. Osteoclasts are responsible for breaking down bone tissue which is required for bone growth and healing, they also help regulate minerals through the blood stream. Bone cells are unique in comparison to other cells because there are two types of them and they all work together inside of the bones to help keep up the skeletal system. Without bone cells we wouldn’t have bones form while we are in the fetus, thus we wouldn’t have bones and we would just be gooey, floppy humans. Animal and Plant cells are both eukaryotic cells which means there not very different in structure, there are a few differences between them though. One of the first differences between a plant and animal cell is that a plant cell has a cell wall. Animals don’t have a cell wall because they have only cell membranes made up of phospholipid bilayers and proteins which protects and holds together the cell and its part. A second difference between an animal and a plant cell is that plant cells have chloroplast and anima cells don’t. Plant cells need chloroplast because that’s how they convert sun energy into food for the plant, where as animals actually eat other things. Lastly the difference between animal and plant cells is that plant cells have one large vacuole in their cell whereas animal cells have a couple tiny...
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...PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SOLAR CELLS 1 The Comparison of Photosynthesis and Solar Cells THE COMPARISON OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SOLAR CELLS 2 Abstract This paper will compare and contrast photosynthesis and the semiconductor based solar cell. This will be accomplished by detailing three similarities, and three differences between the two. The first of the similarities being the absorption of solar energy, the second being the transformation of solar energy into a different more useable form of energy, and finally the third being that they both use organic colorants to attract the sun’s rays. The three differences being that one produces chemical energy and the other electrical energy. The second difference is that one occurs naturally and the other is manmade, and the third difference is that one is cost effective and the other are expensive to produce. This paper will also describe how the laws of thermodynamics apply to each of the systems, giving the reader even further insight on the topic at hand. THE COMPARISON OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SOLAR CELLS 3 The Comparison of Photosynthesis and Solar Cells Photosynthesis is the process in green plants and other organisms by which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source. Semi-conductor based solar cells, also known as...
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...PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SEMICONDUCTOR-BASED SOLAR CELL 1 Photosynthesis and Semiconductor-based Solar Cell Jorge Tavarez Strayer University PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SEMICONDUCTOR-BASED SOLAR CELL 2 Abstract Energy is the capacity to do work and make things happen (Mader, 2009, p. 72). Human or other living things would not be on Earth without the source of energy. In photosynthesis, plant cells harness the sun’s solar energy with carbon dioxide to transform water molecules into oxygen, hydrogen and electrons and a semiconductor-based solar cell harnesses solar energy to convert it to electricity required by humans. In this paper, I will discuss the comparison and contrast of the two systems. I will also describe ways in which the plant cell and the solar cell are similar and different to each other. In addition, I will discuss how the laws of thermodynamics apply to each system. PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SEMICONDUCTOR-BASED SOLAR CELL 3 Photosynthesis and Semiconductor-Based Solar Cell Two ways in which energy is created for the various life forms on earth are photosynthesis and the process that a semiconductor-based solar cell goes through to make energy. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert the light energy captured from the sun into chemical energy that can be used to fuel the organism's activities. Semiconductor-based solar cells utilize photovoltaic (PV) panels...
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...Exam 1 Study Questions 1-15 1. What is the difference between an hypothesis and a scientific Theory? Between an hypothesis and a prediction? What kinds of hypotheses are useful for scientific investigations that try to explain the natural world, and which are not? Give one or more examples of hypotheses that are and are not scientifically useful. A scientific theory is an explanation for a broad class of phenomena or observations, whereas a hypothesis is a testable statement to explain the workings of a particular scientific theory. In other words, a hypothesis aims to find out how a phenomena occurs. What distinguishes a hypothesis from a prediction is that a prediction is simply a part of a hypothesis, and is an observable or measureable result that must hold true if the hypothesis is correct. A hypothesis is useful to a scientific investigation in the case that it can be tested and have results gathered from experimentation or observation, while hypotheses that cannot be tested and concluded upon are not useful. An example of a useful hypothesis is the question of whether or not cramming increases test performance when compared to consistent studying, and an example of a hypothesis that is not scientifically useful would be the question of whether God truly exists. 2. Two of the greatest unifying ideas in biology (i.e., concepts that account for and are consistent with a very large number of observations) are the Cell Theory, and the Theory of Evolution by Natural...
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...Gender Differences in style and content of S.M.S messaging by Iranian youth Mahnaz Zhale Islamic Azad University of Isfahan Author Note Mahnaz Zhaleh, Department of English, Isfahan branch, Isfahan-Iran Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Mahnaz Zhaleh, Department of Foreign Languages, Islamic Azad University of Isfahan. E-mail: ghalamgostar@gmail.com Abstract This is a quantitative study aim to examine gender differences in text messages sending by cell phones. 20 young girls and 20 young boys aging 20 to 28 participated this study and 150 text messages sent by girls to their female friends and relatives and 150 text messages sent by young boys to their male friends and relatives were randomly selected. All data were then categorized based on their senders' genders, contents, topics and styles. Finally, data were examined and compared based on study above said variables. The results indicated that females use more emotional and formal addressing terms when starting their communication in text messages by cell phones. They also use more emotional expresses. Moreover, girls send more acknowledgement messages. Men mostly send jokes and use informal terms or no term to address their communication partners. They also send shorter messages rather than females. Girls send more daily messages while boys prefer to use voice calls in the case of long time communications. The results of this study can shed lights for psychologists, sociologists...
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...Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes cell Cell theory states that all organisms are made of one or more cells. There are two basis types of cell: prokaryotes, which do not contain a nucleus, and eukaryotes, which have a true nucleus. The difference between the structure and functioning of prokaryotes and eukaryotes is so great that it is considered, by some, to be the most important distinction among groups of organisms. However, if we are to believe the endosymbiosis theory and that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes there must also be some fundamental similarities. A significant similarity is the fact that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes use the same genetic material (DNA) and genetic code to store and translate genetic information. But this genetic information is arranged very differently within the two types of cell. In eukaryotes the DNA is packed into chromatins and sequestered within a double membrane bound organelle, known as the nucleus, and is easily seen using a microscope. On the other hand, prokaryotes lack this distinct nucleus and nucleur membrane but instead have a nucleoid, which is an irregularly shaped region within the cell where the genetic information is localised in the form of a, usually circular, double strand of DNA. Prokaryotes and some eukaryotes are also known to have additional small satellite structures of DNA called plasmids. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes also contain ribosomes which are the organelles responsible for accurately translating this...
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...Mice and humans are very similar when it comes to CD1d; structurally and physically with lipid bindings (Gumperz 2006). Natural killer T cells restrict CD1d and are activated by lipid antigens, playing a large role in immune response. These NK T cells recognize alpha-linked glycosphingo-lipids (alpha-GSLs) that are presented by CD1d molecules by using their T cell receptors (Gumperz 2006). The relationship between NK T cells and CD1d is incredibly important when it comes to self-lipid acquisition and the similarities and differences between mice and humans is portrayed. T cells and Natural Killer Cells are key when it comes to immunity and they can decipher whether a cell is healthy or has an infection (Gumperz 2006). The...
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...field, immunity is defined as the balanced state of a living organism for instance, the human body having sufficient biological defenses to combat infection, illness, or other unwanted biological incursion, while having acceptable tolerance to avoid contamination and allergies (Sompayrac, 2012, p.5). The immune system is a group of cells, nerves, and molecules that defend the body from many pathogenic microorganisms and contaminants in the environment. These defenses against microorganisms have been alienated into two broad categories of reactions, which are responses of innate immunity and those of adaptive immunity. Consequently, innate and adaptive immunity can be perceived as two similarly significant aspects of the immune system. This paper aims to highlight and assess the differences concerning innate and adaptive immunity despite them serving a similar function in human immunology. Immunology has conventionally allocated the immune system into innate and adaptive mechanisms with dissimilar functional roles (Sompayrac, 2012, p. 6). The first comparison is placed in their definition of function where the innate immune system is comprised of cells and proteins that are constantly present and ready to muster and fight microorganisms and is called into action instantly in response to an infection threat. Adaptive immune system, conversely, is typically silent and responds or adjusts to the existence of infectious microorganisms by becoming lively through producing potent mechanisms...
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...Human Biology Week 1: Worksheet 1. Consider the organization of life. Identify the different levels of organization from the cell to the organism. -The cell is the smallest unit displaying the properties of life that is the basic structural and functional unit of organisms. -Tissues are a group of similar cells that performs similar functions. - Organ is a structure that contains at least two different types of tissues that work together for a common purpose. -Organ system is a group of organs arranged in such a way that they perform functions that they would not otherwise be able to perform if they were by themselves. -Organism is an individual being that contains all of the above mentioned. Without these an organism would not be able to function properly. 2. List and define the characteristics of life and provide an example in your life that demonstrates the characteristic. -There are 7 characteristics of life and they are as follows: Organization is when single cell organisms have a specific make up to be self sufficient. It starts with an organism which is complex. Humans are classified as multicellular because they are composed of many different types of cells. A tissue is defined as a group of similar cells that perform a particular function. An organ is made up of many tissues, and organ systems are a group of organs that perform a common function. One example of life is humans. When acquiring materials and energy, living things take in energy and use it...
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...Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic ones and their organelles are not membrane bound. The ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are much smaller than in eukaryotic . The genetic material in prokaryotes is one single, ring-shaped chromosome with no nuclear membrane. Most prokaryotes have cell wall made mostly by peptidogylcans. Cell division is through binary fision. Eukaryotic organisms are divided into 4 kingdoms: the protista, the plants, the fungi, and animals. The cell size is much larger and has membrane bound organelles. The genetic material in eukaryotes it is in the form of rod-shaped chromosomes. It has a true nucleus with a nuclear membrane containing this genetic material. If there is a cell wall it is very simple chemical. Cellular division is through mitosis. Sexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells is through meiosis. Plant vs animal Major difference between most plant and animal cells are that plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells do not. In plant cells there are some organelles not present in animal cells, such as a large central vacuole, different plastids including chloroplasts and animal cells have centrioles that plant cells do not. Multicellular organisms There are several advantages of being a multicellular organism. A single celled organism has difficulty adapting while multicellular organisms can adapt easily to change. The more cells something has usually the more activities and functions the organism has. The more cells an organism...
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