...birth or other status,” is what the Article 2 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights stating. This statement tries to encourage people to dismiss any discrepancy between human beings and try to make a world where this statement comes as truth to everyone. However, this is not a solemn statement which has been violated in the past until now. As a contrast to the statement, there are many kinds of prejudice and discrimination ongoing around the world. One of the countries where this declaration is not considered as truth is Iran. Up until now, especially throughout the times of the Iranian Revolution, there were various intolerances in society based on gender, education, political opinion, and economical status and this has been practiced in several ways; however, there is Marjane Satrapi, a girl from a wealthy family who had become the living witness of these inequalities during the Iranian Revolution, who later wrote a book entitled Persepolis. In her book, she comments that these types of inequities should be improved. Marjane Satrapi let us know that In Iran, women and men were treated differently throughout the Iranian Revolution. During the times around the Iranian Revolution and after the revolution, women were treated unfairly compared to men. Marjane Satrapi states in her book about the dowry system in Iran as an example of the discrimination of women. “So a guardian of the revolution marries her and takes her virginity before executing her…Traditionally when a...
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...Comparing Natural Resources Exports on Economic Performance Introduction People always hear about a county’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) through reading newspaper articles, watching the media interview distinguished economists, or hearing the President address the nation on television. But what exactly does the GDP of a country measure and how can it be increased? The Gross Domestic Product is the primary indicator of the health of a country’s economy. Representing the total dollar value of all goods and services produced in a country during a given time, it is a way to define a country and is a standard to measuring the world’s economies. A country with a high GDP is said to be a well established, and most likely a developed, nation as their value of goods and services exceed the average markets worldwide. As one can imagine, economic production and growth has a large impact on nearly everyone within that economy. One approach to calculating GDP is to add up all of the income generated by employees, profits for companies, and taxes. Oil production and trade is a large part of the equation in that energy independence or dependence affects a country’s overall economic plan and trade deficit. To be a nation that exports oil means to have a certain level of independence and a way to generate revenue for the country. This study focuses on the effect of natural resources exports, in this case oil, on economic performance for the Middle East and North African countries. The...
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...Identify and describe at least two forms of fraud techniques from your research. Include the identity of the government agencies that provide awareness for these types of fraud techniques. Tax fraud is something that seems to be on the rise these days, especially due to those that are completing their returns electronically, which is known as e-filling. With e-filing, evidence of fraud is difficult to find. There are no signed tax forms, envelopes or fingerprints, and e-filing promises quick refunds. Another type of fraud is when an unscrupulous return preparer modifies the bank – routing information on a return so the direct deposit refund will wind up in his/her own bank account, the victim wouldn’t know anything unless the IRS sends an audit, by this time, it would be too late (New York Times, 2013). It is reported that electronic Tax fraud is a major issue for state returns as well, An example that was giving in my research, a 25-year old woman e-filed a fraudulent Oregon state return reporting wages of $3 million and claiming a $2.1 million refund, and the Oregon Department of Revenue actually sent her the refund, without proper investigation. Another instance reported was in October 2013, a hacker stole 3.8 million unencrypted tax records from the South Carolina Department of Revenue (New York Times, 2013). When it comes to Tax fraud, the IRS has many ways of alerting the public on the aware of electronic tax fraud and how to notice if something is indeed incorrect with...
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...In the order in which they occur in the storyline (and when they occur): * Without Remorse (1969–70, 1973 - Starts late 1969, in Hurricane Camille's aftermath. Continues the following spring, in 1970. Epilogue is titled "February 12, 1973") Ryan briefly appears in this novel. * Patriot Games (1982, based on a reference to Ryan's age, which is 31 at the beginning of the novel. This roughly fits with a reference to the Princess of Wales's first child being a baby and a few months old, Prince William was born in 1982) Discrepancies include the reference to a van having a likely year of manufacture of 1984. The subsequent events of Red Rabbit would seem to push its date back to 1981, rather than 1982. * Red Rabbit (seems to start in the spring of 1982 as Jack Ryan, Jr.'s age in the novel is given as 6 months, although the main action explicitly starts on August 15th) Discrepancies between 1982 in the Ryanverse and in actual events, aside from the date of the attempt on the Pope's life, include: the actual death of Mikhail Suslov in January 1982; frequent references to "Transformers" which did not appear until 1984; the fact that the Orioles played the Phillies in the World Series in 1983; the Baltimore Colts' relocation to Indianapolis not occurring until 1984; a reference to "Coke Classic" which did not debut until the summer of 1985. * The Hunt for Red October (1984 - although the calendar used is for 1982 and Ryan is spending his first Christmas in London, having...
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...the inception of the UNHCR. Decades of war have led millions to flee their homes and seek refuge in the neighboring countries of Pakistan and Iran, and for those who were able, further abroad. The number of refugees spiked in 1990 at 6.2 million. They began to decrease in 1992 with the fall of the government, but began to increase again in 1996 with the rise of the Taliban. In 2002, with the fall of the Taliban and the US-led invasion, record numbers of Afghan refugees returned to Afghanistan. An international reconstruction and development initiative began to aid Afghans in rebuilding their country from decades of war. Reports indicate that change is occurring in Afghanistan, but the progress is slow. The Taliban have regained strength in the second half of this decade and insurgency and instability are rising. Afghanistan continues to be challenged by underdevelopment, lack of infrastructure, few employment opportunities, and widespread poverty. The slow pace of change has led Afghans to continue migrating in order to meet the needs of their families. Today refugee movements no longer characterize the primary source of Afghan migration. Migration in search of livelihoods is the primary reasons for migration and occurs through rural-urban migration in Afghanistan or circular migration patterns as Afghans cross into Pakistan and/or Iran. Afghans utilize their social networks to find low-skilled work in the cities or neighboring countries. The highly skilled in Afghanistan often...
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...The death penalty has been an inalienable part of human society and its legal system for centuries, regarded as a necessary deterrent to dangerous crimes and a way to liberate the community from dangerous criminals. However, later on this type of punishment came to be regarded as a crime against humanistic ideals by many, and its validity in the legal system has been questioned. Until now, the debate rages on. This resulted in a wide discrepancy of laws on this issue. Some nations including China, the US, Iran, Belarus, and others preserve the death penalty as an option, while others like Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and almost all European nations have abolished capital punishment. Still others keep the norm in their legislation’s, but have de facto suspended execution of criminals sentenced to capital punishment. This paper will seek to prove that death penalty has to be preserved as a valid means of prevention serious crimes. It will examine the effect of death penalty on society and its relevance to the protection of interests of common citizens. The history of death penalty is almost as old as the history of mankind. Various means of capital punishment involved burning, hanging, drowning, crucifixion, breaking on the will, boiling to death, electrocution, firing squad, gassing - the list can be continued. The choice of a particular method in Europe in the Middle Age, for instance, depended on the social status of the condemned. Painless and respectable ways were reserved...
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...Impact Assessment of Balance of payments imbalance caused due to crude oil import. A Thesis Submitted to Lahore School of Economics By Name: M. Daniyal Kamran Section B 07u0391 For Award of Degree of Bachelors of Business Administration(Honors) in (Majors) Finance (Minors) in Maths, Stats and Social Sciences Session: 2007 to 2011 Declaration This thesis contains no material, which has been accepted for the reward to the candidate of any other degree or diploma, in any university or other institution. To the best of my knowledge the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of the thesis. ___M. Daniyal Kamran____ Name RESEARCH COMPLETION CERTIFICATE Certified that M. Daniyal Kamran, id No. 07u0391 Session 2007 to 2011 has carried out and completed the research project entitled “ Thesis title” under my supervision for requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor of business Administration Honors (Majors) by Lahore School of Economics. Research supervisor (Zehra Raza) ...
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...to present government actions in a supportive way, expose atrocities on either side and raise issues to the public which assist their governmental agenda. Here the question that comes to mind is whether the western media portrays terrorism, Muslims and Arabs in an accurate aspect. The western media uses certain techniques to depict terrorists in their own view which have had disastrous effects on Arabs as well as Americans all over the world. It is very unfortunate that despite all the recent terrorist attacks, weather they were significant or minor, the media still has not come up with a definitive definition of “terrorism” and “who is a terrorist”. The main issue with western media reporting on terrorism is their flaw of having discrepancies in their news. In a recent article “Ethical balance of reporting on Terrorism”, the author states that the western media has had no difficulty labeling the Al-Qaeda terror network as “terrorists” however they cease to acknowledge the same label for the outlawed Kurdistan Workers’ Party, also known as the PKK (Kanli 22). The PKK started in 1984 and is a separatist organization which...
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...decisions about its affairs, typically by voting to elect representatives to a parliament or similar assembly -Democratic society cannot exist without at least a two-party system -Once elected, representative is held accountable to electorate for actions (which limits power of government) Examples include -Germany, Ghana, Grenada, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kiribati, Latvia, Lithuania C) Dictatorship= A dictatorship occurs when one person has complete control of a nation. Dictators are often associated with brutality, violence and ruthlessness and typically use armed force and fear to keep citizens under control. -Examples include Belarus, Chad, Cuba, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroun, Kazakhstan, Iran D) Monarchy= refers to a "royal family." Considered to be a type of autocracy, a monarchy is similar to a dictatorship minus the violence. Although history is smeared with violent kings, queens, sultans and czars, modern day monarchs are considered benign. Monarchies are labeled absolute or constitutional. -Examples of absolute monarchies include Russia's czars, prior to the creation of the...
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...Historical Analysis Paper: Internet Addiction- A Rising Issue The number of Internet users has intensely went up over the years due to the growing accessibility of the Internet. In 2009 the amount of time Americans spent online increased by over a hundred percent from 2004. China, Japan, the United States, Brazil and India are currently the countries containing the largest populations of Internet users world-wide. The countries most plagued with Internet Addiction Disorder include mainly the countries within the continent of Asia such as China and South Korea as well as Northern America, United States (Conrad). Internet addiction has become a serious problem that is progressively modifying the brain structure and function for persons addicted. Like other forms of addiction, the Internet addiction results from the excessive usage of the computer and other internet enabled technological devices which causes increased dependency. Psychological issues and Mental disorders generally tend to lead individuals towards various forms of addictions and exacerbates their illness; this can happen in the reverse chronological order as well. College students are more likely to be disposed towards Internet Addiction because of their developing minds at that stage and the increasing role the Internet plays in the academic world. Scientists are currently researching for more and more efficient treatments for this Internet Addiction Disorder or IAD, but hey must initially be able to correct...
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...World Economic and Financial Sur veys Regional Economic Outlook Middle East and Central Asia 09 I N T E R N A T I O N A L M O N E T A R Y M AY F U N D W o r l d E c o n o m i c a n d F in a n c i a l S u r v e y s Regional Economic Outlook Middle East and Central Asia •••••••••••••••••••••• 09 I N T E R N A T I O N A L M O N E T A R Y F MAY U N D ©2009 International Monetary Fund Cataloging-in-Publication Data Regional economic outlook : Middle East and Central Asia. – [Washington, D.C.] : International Monetary Fund, 2009. p. ; cm. – (World economic and financial surveys, 0258-7440) ISBN 978-1-58906-842-1 “MAY09.” Includes bibliographical references. 1. Economic forecasting – Middle East. 2. Economic forecasting – Asia, Central. 3. Middle East – Economic conditions. 4. Middle East – Economic conditions – Statistics. 5. Asia, Central – Economic conditions. 6. Asia, Central – Economic conditions – Statistics. I. International Monetary Fund. II. Series: World economic and financial surveys. HC415.15.R445 2009 Please send orders to: International Monetary Fund, Publication Services 700 19th St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20431, U.S.A. Tel.: (202) 623-7430 Fax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: publications@imf.org Internet: www.imfbookstore.org The views expressed in this publication are those of the contributors...
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...Justifying Military Intervention Some of the most difficult decisions that United States policymakers are faced with are those regarding when, where and how the United States should exercise military force. Most people feel that military force may be used if a vital interest of the United States is threatened. “The difficulty lies in getting people to agree on what constitutes a vital national interest” (Military Intervention). In addition, there will be disagreements over the costs and benefits in intervening in a particular region and what type of military or political action should be carried out on the region. From a domestic perspective, almost every United States citizen would agree that an attack by a foreign country on the United States is a direct and serious threat to national security. In addition, if an organization or country attacked a nation which the United States has a security agreement with, a retaliation from the United States military and NATO would see no disagreements from Americans and the United States friends. Where disagreements can arise is when the situation does not pose an immediate threat to U.S. security but could imperil it in the future, such as when a region becomes unstable and the instability may lead to wider conflicts. Another area of debate emerges over issues of human rights and humanitarian efforts. The United States is the most powerful democratic nation on Earth. Does that mean we always have a vital interest in promoting human rights...
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...In Brief Facts on Induced Abortion Worldwide WORLDWIDE INCIDENCE AND TRENDS • After declining substantially between 1995 and 2003, the worldwide abortion rate stalled between 2003 and 2008. • Between 1995 and 2003, the abortion rate (the number of abortions per 1,000 women of childbearing age—i.e., those aged 15–44) for the world overall dropped from 35 to 29. It remained virtually unchanged, at 28, in 2008. • Nearly half of all abortions worldwide are unsafe, and nearly all unsafe abortions (98%) occur in developing countries. In the developing world, 56% of all abortions are unsafe, compared with just 6% in the developed world. • The proportion of abortions worldwide that take place in the developing world increased between 1995 and 2008 from 78% to 86%, in part because the proportion of all women who live in the developing world increased during this period. • Since 2003, the number of abortions fell by 600,000 in the developed world but increased by 2.8 million in the developing world. In 2008, six million abortions were performed in developed countries and 38 million in developing countries, a disparity that largely reflects population distribution. • A woman’s likelihood of having an abortion is slightly elevated if she lives in a developing region. In 2008, there were 29 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44 years in developing countries, compared with 24 per 1,000 in the developed world. REGIONAL INCIDENCE AND TRENDS • The overall abortion rate in Africa, where the...
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...d SERVQUAL and Model of Service Quality Gaps: A Framework for Determining and Prioritizing Critical Factors in Delivering Quality Services Dr. Arash Shahin Department of Management, University of Isfahan, Iran E-Mail: arashshahin@hotmail.com Abstract Service firms like other organizations are realizing the significance of customer-centered philosophies and are turning to quality management approaches to help managing their businesses. This paper has started with the concept of service quality and has demonstrated the model of service quality gaps. SERVQUAL as an effective approach has been studied and its role in the analysis of the difference between customer expectations and perceptions has been highlighted with support of an example. Outcomes of the study outline the fact that although SERQUAL could close one of the important service quality gaps associated with external customer services, it could be extended to close other major gaps and therefore, it could be developed in order to be applied for internal customers, i.e. employees and service providers. Key words: Service, Quality, Gaps, SERVQUAL, Customer, Expectations, Perceptions Introduction Managers in the service sector are under increasing pressure to demonstrate that their services are customer-focused and that continuous performance improvement is being delivered. Given the financial and resource constraints under which service organisations must manage it is essential that customer expectations are properly...
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...SERVQUAL and Model of Service Quality Gaps: A Framework for Determining and Prioritizing Critical Factors in Delivering Quality Services Dr. Arash Shahin Department of Management, University of Isfahan, Iran. Abstract Service firms like other organizations are realizing the significance of customer-centered philosophies and are turning to quality management approaches to help managing their businesses. This paper has started with the concept of service quality and has demonstrated the model of service quality gaps. SERVQUAL as an effective approach has been studied and its role in the analysis of the difference between customer expectations and perceptions has been highlighted with support of an example. Outcomes of the study outline the fact that although SERQUAL could close one of the important service quality gaps associated with external customer services, it could be extended to close other major gaps and therefore, it could be developed in order to be applied for internal customers, i.e. employees and service providers. Key words: Service, Quality, Gaps, SERVQUAL, Customer, Expectations, Perceptions Introduction Managers in the service sector are under increasing pressure to demonstrate that their services are customer-focused and that continuous performance improvement is being delivered. Given the financial and resource constraints under which service organisations must manage it is essential that customer expectations are properly understood and measured and...
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