...Diploma in Health and Social Care | Unit | Unit 12:Public Health | Assignment | 12. 2 Factors affecting the health of the public | Assessor | Mrs J Cook | Issue Date | | Submission Date | | Return date | | Grading Criteria | 1 | 2 | P3 | Describe current patterns of ill health and how they are monitored | | | | | | | P4 | Explain the main factors affecting current patterns of health in the UK | | | | | | | M2 | Discuss the factors likely to influence current and future patterns of health in the UK | | | | | | | D1 | Evaluate the influence of government on factors that contribute the current patterns of health and illness in the UK. | | | | | | | Learner declaration I certify that the evidence submitted for this assignment is my own. I have clearly referenced any sources used in the work. I understand that false declaration is a form of malpractice. Learner signature: Date: Scenario You have been asked to carry out a study on the health and wellbeing of two areas within the UK. Task one P3 Describe current patterns of ill health and how they are monitored (i) Calculate the life expectancy for a male and female born in the UK today. How has this changed since the 19th century. (ii) Describe the way in which the health of people in the UK is recorded and monitored. (iii) Using data from public health reports (National Statistics online, department of health etc) provide...
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...The Factors that Affect Health Status and Patterns of Ill Health P3: Describe current patterns of health and how they are monitored – Patterns of ill health in the UK are monitored through the use of statistics. The UK National Statistic organisation is responsible for producing these statistics in order to illustrate and identify patterns of ill health within the UK. Government statistical departments play a vital role in identifying and monitoring patterns of ill health in the UK, of which include: • The Department of Health • Health and Safety Executive • NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care Statistics can be collected from records such as birth certificates, the death register and hospital admissions records. Records can be used for further analysis in order to gain more specific information, for example the weight of a new-born baby, or the reason an individual was admitted into hospital. The government has made the use of having these records available a legal requirement so that the statistics may be available when they are required. Statistics can be collected through the use of surveys, i.e. the national census of which is held every 10 years in the UK by the government. The national census survey has been in place since 1801 and takes into account each individual within a household. It is able to provide an outline of the UK which enables us to compare geographical areas. However statistics are not always accurate for what they represent...
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...`P4 Explain the main factors affecting the current patterns of health in the uk M2 - Discuss the factors likely influence current and future health patterns in the uk D1 - Evaluate the influence of government on factors that contribute to the current patterns of health and illness in the uk It is highly known that there is a difference in social classes, culture and socio-economic lifestyles between the north and south of England. This ranges from the accessibility of treatments, the range of income and life expectancy and also morbidity and mortality rates. (© Times Newspapers Limited 2015) This can be known as the postcode lottery. Although the government try to enforce health care provisions to prevent these health inequalities it is evidently failing. The map on the left shows that the highest amount of premature deaths are from northern citizens. This may be down to access to facilities, as a majority of Britain’s money is invested into the south which leads them to having more treatment facilities. This diagram also shows that cause is likely to be stroke, lung disease, heart or liver disease. A major factor of this could be due to social class. The north of England is very industrialised as it has many large factories where working class people are employed, these are physically demanding jobs on a low income that can eventually lead to chronic back pain and the low income most probably will lead to poor diet and housing. However, in the South of England there...
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...The Factors that Affect Health Status and Patterns of Ill Health P3: Describe current patterns of health and how they are monitored – Patterns of ill health in the UK are monitored through the use of statistics. The UK National Statistic organisation is responsible for producing these statistics in order to illustrate and identify patterns of ill health within the UK. Government statistical departments play a vital role in identifying and monitoring patterns of ill health in the UK, of which include: • The Department of Health • Health and Safety Executive • NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care Statistics can be collected from records such as birth certificates, the death register and hospital admissions records. Records can be used for further analysis in order to gain more specific information, for example the weight of a new-born baby, or the reason an individual was admitted into hospital. The government has made the use of having these records available a legal requirement so that the statistics may be available when they are required. Statistics can be collected through the use of surveys, i.e. the national census of which is held every 10 years in the UK by the government. The national census survey has been in place since 1801 and takes into account each individual within a household. It is able to provide an outline of the UK which enables us to compare geographical areas. However statistics are not always accurate for what they represent...
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... Public Health Strategies in the UK and their origins. In this article I am going to describe the key features of public health strategies as they relate to current times in the UK. -Monitoring the health status of the population. This strategy involves keeping track of people’s health/keeping an eye on everyone though statics. By tracking changes in the health of the population health professionals are able to alert people to potential problems, for example regular check-ups, at doctors for asthma or Dentist to check up on teeth and make sure they are in good condition plus Orthodontic. Also the NHS provide a free midlife MOT to check people aged between 40-74, to make sure they are in good health and to help reduce the number of elderly who suffer with high blood pressure. Also for HIV, they monitor the health of the population with HIV tracking the number of people with HIV within the population. This helps the NHS find out the population of people with HIV in order for them to take further actions. -Identifying the health needs of the population. This strategy involves identifying health needs, including those that are common problems/ illness that are considered a major problem. For example identifying the illness and providing support through services or medicine, advert are a great way that can get you aware, and provide you with health awareness that is common in the population. Doctors for example monitor the health status of the population...
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...Describe the different ways in which a business may structure its activities: • Organisational structures can be based on the functions of the organisation, its product ranges, or geographical regions. Alternatively some less hierarchical organisations may use a matrix structure, especially if the firm is project based. 1.2.1 Discuss the complexity, volatility and uniqueness of an organisation's environment: • The organisation in its environment has to face a wide range of internal and external influences which affect business activity. • The immediate or operational environment interacts with suppliers, competitors, the labour market and financial institutions. • The general or contextual environment consists of economic, political, legal, and social factors. Each functional area of the organisation may be affected. • Whilst organisations have some control over their internal environment, the external environment is more volatile (e.g. technological change), and wide ranging and this makes decision making more difficult. • The uniqueness of organisations means that each one is affected to different degrees by external environmental factors. 1.2.2 Explain the influence of shareholders on the internal environment of an organisation: •...
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...international business environment of most firms; speculate about the future prospects for organisations, individuals, governments and groups in society as a result of environmental turbulence; outline the nature of chaotic and turbulent environments and the implications of these for long-term planning and flexible working; reflect on the differences between predictable and unpredictable change and the implications of this for organisations; understand the characteristics of the advantages and drawbacks of flexible working; discuss the influences that the changing international business environment and, in particular, the trend towards flexible working, have upon individuals and groups in the social community; explore environmental scenarios; discuss the future role of government and understand the environmental forces acting on public sector organisations. Key concepts dynamism, complexity, uncertainty and turbulence predictable and unpredictable change chaos theory futurology long-term planning environmental scenarios and planning flexible working demographic time bomb social inclusion and exclusion interventionist and laissez-faire government. Chapter 9 Globalisation, challenges and changes 3 07 Dealing with unexpected changes Minicase 9.1 Twice in the last decade events have shown how vulnerable an advanced society can be. On both occasions fuel prices in the UK had risen substantially above the general price index due to government...
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...A Significant New Zealand Health Issue In the following assignment I will discuss the significance of teenage pregnancy, as a health issue, in New Zealand. This discussion will include the significance of the issue itself, and its impact on both infants and teenage mothers. I will consider this topic looking at populations in New Zealand and include international comparisons. In the last century there has been significant changes in family size, reproductive patterns and population dynamics. As shown by the New Zealand Health Information Statistics, when looking at births, it is apparent that New Zealand women now have fewer children, later in their lives, and many forgo parenting altogether (Statistics NZ , 2003). New Zealand is said to rate high in International comparisons for teenage pregnancy. However, most recently reports have indicated a drop in our teenage birth rates. Statistics New Zealand (2002) reported the birth rate for teenagers (aged under 20 years) dropped by 6.5 percent, from 27.7 per 1,000 in 2001 to a new low of 25.9 per 1,000 in 2002. The following table summarises these significant changes in birth patterns by age of mother over the past ten years. Distribution of Live Births by Age of Mother 1992 and 2002 Table 1. Statistics New Zealand Another recent report from the National Youth Health Survey, suggests that most...
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...regional districts, national institutions, international networks and transnational regulation are all aspects of the social, organizational and economic structures in which companies are situated. Despite the all-pervasive talk of globalization, the seasoned international business traveller will be acutely aware of differences in the ‘way of doing things’from country to country and from region to region. Such differences are seldom more apparent than in the field of organization and management. Not only will the traveller be aware that conventions for doing business are culturebound, but also that systems and structures for ‘the management of people’are uniquely determined by forces of tradition. If the business traveller were to discuss the issue of fairness of pay with a Japanese worker, the latter could well reiterate the proverb ‘The nail that sticks out should be hammered down’, thus...
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...ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Name: | | Address: | | Post code / Zip: | | Telephone No: | | Email Address: | | Date: | | Course Name: | | Tutor Name: | | Assignment Name: | | PLEASE NOTE: YOU SHOULD INCLUDE THIS INFORMATION with EVERY ASSIGNMENT. Introduction In this assignment I will be researching the Business Environment and the Business Organisations, I will learn why Businesses operate in different ways and how strategies are developed to meet an ever changing market both national and globally. Section 1 Understanding the Organisational Purposes of Business. There are several terms to describe the word Organisation; A company set up to be profitable, a company set up for a cause or non-profit, a group or association that serves a particular purpose. All of these examples and the others though are all similar, in that they are structured and managed to pursue collective goals. In this section I will describe the purposes of the different types of organisation, the extent to which objectives are met for the stakeholders and also the responsibilities of an organisation with the strategies employed to meet them. Business Organisations exist to do one of two things which are to Produce and/or Provide. The type of sector an organisation is categorised is dependent on the product or service provided these are Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors. Primary sector organisations exist to produce the raw materials needed to produce a product, Secondary sector...
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...Unit 1/ Task 1 - Understand the Organisational Purposes of Businesses The author’s local business development office, a Government funded department has been authorised to produce a report which will promote the diversity of future businesses. As a result of a successful pilot project the council has requested that a project report be written which will detail the diverse types of business within the local area. In a bid to assist future business owners and leaders to gain understanding of varying business environments the author within task 1 will now go on to; identify the purposes of different types of businesses, describe how an organisation meets the objectives of different stakeholders and explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them. ‘’ In our lives we come into contact with a great assortment of organisations with many form types and usually with very different objectives.’’ (Business Essentials, 2007, p. 3) In order to understand the importance of diversity within a business it is important to first identify the varying purposes of different organisations. The purpose of an organisation can differentiate hugely depending on why they were set up. Examples of this would be that Starbucks operate to make a profit, whilst Help for Heroes on the other hand does not as it is a voluntary organisation. There are many different types of organisations serving different purposes to meet a variety of needs. There are three predominant...
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...who is responsible for the (common) result * Managing Taking care that human qualities are utilized Human resource management: Methodically and systematically recruit, develop, and utilize human potential (assets) for both human and organization. Objectives of HRM: 1. Staffing (get the good ones): job analysis, workforce planning & forecasting, recruiting candidates, testing & selecting. 2. Managing employee relations (keeping the good ones): * Collective bargaining (unions) * Fair treatment (blocks of fairness) , careers (from hiring to retirement), discipline and privacy, two way communications, dismissals compensating (how much to pay) * Protecting safety & health 3. Training and development (keep them good): Prepare them for the future. Use and develop human assets, learn continuously, exchange knowledge, appraising performance 4. Exit (let them leave in a good way) Chapter 1: Basics of HRM Human resource management (HRM, or simply HR) is a function in organizations designed to maximize employee performance in service of their employer's strategic objectives. HR is primarily concerned with how people are managed within organizations, focusing on policies and systems. What are the main functions of HRM? 1. It describes the body of management activities - “personnel management” 2. It denotes a particular approach to the management of people Main objectives of HRM * Staffing * Performance * Change-management ...
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...200301 Potential impact of early antiretroviral therapy on transmission David Paoa, Deenan Pillayb,c and Martin Fishera HIV/GUM Research Department, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, Department of Infection, University College London Medical School and cCentre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK b a Correspondence to Deenan Pillay, Centre for Virology (Bloomsbury), Windeyer Building, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK Tel: +44 20 7679 9482; fax: +44 20 7580 5896; e-mail: d.pillay@ucl.ac.uk Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 2009, 4:000–000 Purpose of review In this review, we will discuss the potential of early highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV on an individual and population level. We will focus on the biological plausibility and behavioural factors associated with HAART use and interventions that might influence such a strategy. Recent findings Empiric and phylogenetic studies support the view that recent HIV infection is a highly infectious disease stage. Evidence increasingly demonstrates that individuals on fully suppressive HAART are significantly less likely to transmit HIV to sexual partners and some even suggest that such individuals cannot transmit HIV. Changes in risk behaviour are associated with the availability of HAART but behavioural studies offer contradictory observations regarding the direction and magnitude of these changes. This in turn makes the intricate...
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...M01_FOOT0988_06_SE_C01.QXD 4/13/11 12:36 PM Page 1 CHAPTER 1 Introducing human resource management Objectives By the end of this chapter you will be able to: ● define what is meant by the term ‘human resource management’ ● understand the roles of line managers and human resource managers in managing people ● outline the range of activities with which practitioners of human resource management are likely to be involved ● demonstrate how human resource management can make a difference by adding value to an organisation ● outline some of the current issues facing HR managers. HRM? What’s it all about? This book is designed as an introductory text for students studying human resource management (HRM) either with a view to becoming HR specialists themselves, or for those who are starting or hoping to start a career in management. As you will discover, people management forms a large part of every manager’s job, whether they work in a large multinational organisation, a not for profit organisation or a small charity. Organisations also increasingly aim for all employees to be motivated and involved, so an understanding of the subject is important for everyone. As stated in the preface, we intend that you should become actively involved in your own learning as you progress through the book. Even though you are just beginning this subject, you may already have ideas about some of the topics that you are about to study and you may even have a general idea of the role and...
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...Obesity is an epidemic occurring predominantly in the western world. Obesity is an epidemic occurring predominantly in the western world. The phenomenon is closely associated with changing lifestyles and the consumption of fast food and soft drinks. However, the fast-food companies and the Coca Cola company are major contributors to obesity research. Discuss the different ethical positions that various stakeholders are taking in the use of corporate funds for research into obesity This report will first discuss the major stakeholder fast food and Soft Drink Corporation ethical positions in making decision in funding researcher into obesity, Business main motive is to earn profit, most of the businesses are mainly profit motivated, they only care about the income they can earn to sustain and grow, company follow ethical learning and growth, it cares only about itself. Soft drink and fast food has the same motivation of earning profit for which they produces the product that are on major demands or create the demand by making advertisement and other promotional activities to attract people towards their product. To have a successful business support of all stakeholders are required. Funding research for the research is one of the strategies of company to support that. Funding helps in building image in public, which help in generating goodwill for the company at the same time it helps the researcher. A Typology of Stakeholder Attributes: Legitimacy, Power, Urgency ...
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