...Table of Contents Ethical and Social Issues In Information System 1 Chapter one 3 Introduction to the Study 3 Context of the Problem 4 Statement of the Problem 5 Research Questions 6 Introduction 6 Research Question 6 Research Question 7 Research Question 7 Significance of the Study 8 Research Design and Methodology 9 Organization of the study 9 Literature Review 10 Introduction 10 References 14 Chapter one Introduction to the Study Ethical and social issues in information system is a combination of the benefits and disadvantages of using computer and computer related devices, social networks versus our ethics, morals and beliefs. The importance and reliability of computer in our day to day running of human life cannot be over emphasized. Social networking platforms may allow organizations to improve communication and productivity by disseminating information among different groups of employees in a more efficient manner, resulting in increased productivity. While it is not meant to be all-inclusive, there are a lot of problems faced by its usage in younger generations, businesses use, and the even medical field. The social media comes with risks as it opens up the possibility for hackers to commit fraud, launch spam and virus attacks, and also increases the risk...
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...the forms new technology has brought about in our society. Never before has information technology been so readily available changing the way we all do business, relate with one another, and socialize by limiting our basic need for human interactions. Who could have predicted our lives today would be so enveloped by technology that many times we have closer relationships with our phones and computers than with the people in our own homes? Gone are the days of playing board games till the early morning hours with friends or getting cozy with a book for a night of fascinating reading. Today everything is here and now! As the new saying for this generation goes "I want it yesterday" there is no longer a sense of patience just a blur of hurry, hurry as fast as you can. Words get lost in translation as they have no inflection as when spoken or written in a real letter. Days and nights are lost staring at a monitor or screen of some kind. How do we choose what's right anymore? Now I am not saying that effort has entirely been removed by this new technology, for sure it has made some things easier to accomplish. I remember so vividly a family vacation from my childhood where we visited Disney World. If you have ever been you will understand where I am going with this. Space Mountain was my favorite ride, of course for the obvious reasons everyone loves it, but my wonderment actually came from the exit escalator. You see there was the latest in information technology right there in...
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...Information Rules A STRATEGIC GUIDE TO THE NETWORK ECONOMY Carl Shapiro Hal R. Varian HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PRESS BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS Copyright © 1999 Carl Shapiro and Hai R. Varian All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 03 02 01 00 99 5 Library of Congres§ Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shapiro, Carl. Information rules : a strategic guide to the network economy / Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87584-863-X (alk. paper) 1. Information technology—Economic aspects. 2. Information society. I. Varian, Hal R. II. Title. HC79.I55S53 1998 658.4'038—dc21 98-24923 GIF The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.49-1984. To Dawn, Eva, and Ben To Carol and Chris Contents Preface ix l The Information Economy 2 Pricing Information 19 3 Versioning Information 53 4 Rights Management 83 5 Recognizing Lock-In 103 6 Managing Lock-In 135 7 Networks and Positive Feedback 173 8 Cooperation and Compatibility 227 9 Waging a Standards War 261 297 10 Information Policy viii I Contents Further Reading 319 Notes 327 Bibliography 329 Index 335 About the Authors 351 Preface Luck led us to write this book. Each of us became economists because we wanted to apply our analytical training to better understand...
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...in the United States of America 03 02 01 00 99 5 Library of Congres§ Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shapiro, Carl. Information rules : a strategic guide to the network economy / Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87584-863-X (alk. paper) 1. Information technology—Economic aspects. 2. Information society. I. Varian, Hal R. II. Title. HC79.I55S53 1998 658.4'038—dc21 98-24923 GIF The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.49-1984. To Dawn, Eva, and Ben To Carol and Chris Contents Preface ix l The Information Economy 2 Pricing Information 19 3 Versioning Information 53 4 Rights Management 83 5 Recognizing Lock-In 103 6 Managing Lock-In 135 7 173 Networks and Positive Feedback 8 Cooperation and Compatibility 9 Waging a Standards War 10 Information Policy 227 261 297 viii I Contents Further Reading 319 Notes 327 Bibliography 329 Index 335 About the Authors 351 Preface Luck led us to write this book. Each of us became economists because we wanted to apply our analytical training to better understand how society functions. By our good fortune, the economics of information, technological change, game theory, and competitive strategy were emerging fields of inquiry when we started our professional...
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...CHAPTER ONE OUTLINE STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Define management information systems (MIS) and information technology (IT) and describe their relationship. Validate information as a key resource and describe both personal and organizational dimensions of information. Explain why people are the most important organizational resource, define their information and technology literacy challenges, and discuss their ethical responsibilities. Describe the important characteristics of information technology (IT) as a key organizational resource. Define competitive advantage and illustrate the role of information technology in supporting competitive advantages and business vision. Discuss the impacts information technology can and will have on your life. INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVES 7 10 Timely Information: From 48 Hours to Just 20 Minutes Always Remember: Business Drives Technology A More “CustomerOriented” Internal Revenue Service Using Technology When Millions of Possible Solutions Exist 27 FEATURES Global Perspective Overcoming Language Barriers on the Internet On Your Own E-Mail: Electronic Mail or Expensive Mail? Team Work Identifying Hardware and Software Global Perspective Managing Knowledge with a Knowledge Management System On Your Own Researching Your Career and Information Technology Team Work Developing Strategies for Protecting Yourself against Identity Theft Electronic Commerce Using the Internet as a Tool to Find a Job • • • • WEB SUPPORT www.mhhe.com/haag...
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...THE FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY OTHER ECONOMIST BOOKS Guide to Analysing Companies Guide to Business Modelling Guide to Business Planning Guide to Economic Indicators Guide to the European Union Guide to Financial Markets Guide to Management Ideas Numbers Guide Style Guide Dictionary of Business Dictionary of Economics International Dictionary of Finance Brands and Branding Business Consulting Business Ethics Business Strategy China’s Stockmarket Globalisation Headhunters and How to Use Them Successful Mergers Wall Street Essential Director Essential Economics Essential Finance Essential Internet Essential Investment Essential Negotiation Pocket World in Figures THE FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY THE ECONOMIST IN ASSOCIATION WITH PROFILE BOOKS LTD Published by Profile Books Ltd 3a Exmouth House, Pine Street, London ec1r 0jh Copyright © The Economist Newspaper Ltd 2005 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. The greatest care has been taken in compiling this book. However, no responsibility can be accepted by the publishers or compilers for the accuracy of the information presented. Where opinion is expressed it is that of the author and does not necessarily...
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...Essay June 2013 Technology and Social behavior. When human beings are supposed to be free by nature, the truth is that we possess an obvious tendency to live under certain regimes that mark us and define us throughout our lives. We are creating in our own environment some features that enslave us but we are curiously interested to maintain. The essay is to support the idea that men,from birth, is victim of a consecutive series of technological regimes that has as a result an impact on society. It is a fact that technology has contributed tremendously to the development of society until this days. From the creation of devices, to detect several illness and other medical conditions, to products that will simplify our life at work and home. Two important questions to ask ourselves are: how are we being shaped by technology in society? And, how we are influencing technology? When analyzing the impacts on both sides we find many factors that influence are being influenced by its progress. Some of them are science, communication, information, education, medicine, in to others. When analyzing technological impact, a major contributor is ICT (Information and communications technology). According to Britanica Encyclopedia ICT are provided by computational tools and computer that process, store, synthesize, and present information retrieved represented in the most varied forms. It is a set of tools, supports and channels for the treatment and access to information. Constitute new media...
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...significant technological role in shaping the world in interconnection, intelligence, and new instruments. The information technology industry is highly competitive and the need for strategic initiative planning is an essential element for the organization to continue to prosper and remain an industry leader. According to IBM’s annual report one of the strategic plans is Smarter Computing designed for Big Data (IBM, 2012). IBM has committed to reshape their investments and lead the market in strategies to accomplish this strategic initiative. IBM states in their annual report that “Every two days, as much data is now generated as in all of human history up to 2003” (IBM, 2012, p. 5). Smarter Computing encompasses software-defined environments to handle the vast amounts of information housed through data centers. The infrastructure will be programmable and have individual systems capabilities as the first round of this strategic plan. This portion of IBM’s strategic plan will transform businesses and civilization giving the precise technology and correct capabilities to all aspects of organizational operations. IBM has a commitment to financial planning, sales examination, cost analysis, funding options, and has weighted the risks and the potential impact to the company in Smarter Computing strategic planning. IBM is an organization leading in technology and strategies. Implementing initiatives takes money and appropriate planning. New programs are of the most...
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...Technology in Restaurants Technology is impacting the restaurant industry because dependency on computers is the remarkable key to run the business. Computers in restaurants are the key to create the experience that experts want to introduce to guests, to support the changes of a modern society and the information technology that is constantly changing; we are the consumers of a competitive world of technology. The technology that is being used in the business has become innovative and to take a look back on how restaurants ran before technology hit the industry is remarkable. Computers The biggest change in the restaurant business since the creation and introduction of the stove controlled by gas and the electric refrigerator is the implementation of computers (Mandabach, Blanch, Van Leeuwen, & Waters, 2006) “The restaurant industry is no longer a business of cigar boxes and order pads. In most cases restaurant managers use more technology than we used to send men to the moon” (Hamilton, 2004). The transcendental innovation of technology has created a competitive system between experts in the field and the philosophy to avoid looking back in time when restaurants used to run with just a kitchen and a few tables. Comparing the experience of a visit to a modern eating establishment with the same basic hospitality atmosphere versus a more typical restaurant, the chances are that thanks to the technology, the expectations are going to be higher as whole for the current generation...
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...problems are people, technology and organization. Each of these can provide a business with difficult problems that it cannot overcome quickly or easily. Examples of organizational problems include poorly orchestrated business processes that have usually been inherited from the past, an unsupportive culture, big changes to the organization’s surrounding environment and political in-fighting an example of people problems are usually quite straightforward, including inadequate employee training, encountering difficulties when it comes to evaluating performances or the evaluations not being strong enough, ergonomics and poor equipment, regulatory and legal compliance, poor or weak management lead by indecisive people and poor employee support. Technology problems, like people problems, are usually self-explanatory. Technology problems that a business could encounter are computers or hardware that are aged and therefore do not work correctly, outdated software that needs replacing, a shortage of database capacity that creates problems for everyone, insufficient telecommunications and the possibility of old equipment not working well with newer hardware. Although many of these problems can be rectified quite easily, the cost of doing so can soon mount up. An Information Systems (IS) is a professional and academic discipline concerned with the strategic, managerial and operational activities involved in the gathering, processing, storing, distributing and use of information, and its associated...
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...Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career Computers continue to change every aspect of our lives from entertainment to shopping, from the work we do and where we do it, to how we communicate with friends, relatives, and business associates. As you can see from the opening vignette in the text, many businesses are remodeling their products and services to take advantage of expanded channel outlets such as the Internet, cell phones, and iPad and tablet devices. This chapter gives you an overview of many of the subjects we’ll touch on in this course. It will help you understand how information technology is being used by many businesses worldwide to increase efficiency, save money, and create better relationships with suppliers and customers. 1.1 The Role of Information Systems in Business Today Ask managers to describe their most important resources and they’ll list money, equipment, materials, and people—not necessarily in that order. It’s very unusual for managers to consider information an important resource, and yet it is. As electronic business and electronic commerce grow in popularity and more firms digitize their operations, having useful information is becoming even more important to the global business community. This chapter will begin to explain why you need to manage your information resources as closely as any other in your organization. How Information Systems Are Transforming Business The next time you’re in your workplace or on...
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...for 2005 Jackie Fenn, Alexander Linden This year, we celebrate the 10th anniversary of Gartner's Hype Cycles. More than 1,600 information technologies and trends across 68 markets, regions and industries are evaluated in the most comprehensive assessment of technology maturity in the IT industry. © 2005 Gartner, Inc. and/or its Affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction of this publication in any form without prior written permission is forbidden. The information contained herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Gartner disclaims all warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of such information. Although Gartner's research may discuss legal issues related to the information technology business, Gartner does not provide legal advice or services and its research should not be construed or used as such. Gartner shall have no liability for errors, omissions or inadequacies in the information contained herein or for interpretations thereof. The opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. ANALYSIS Gartner's Hype Cycles highlight the relative maturity of technologies across a wide range of IT domains, targeting different IT roles and responsibilities. Each Hype Cycle provides a snapshot of the position of technologies relative to a market, region or industry, identifying which technologies are hyped, which are suffering the inevitable disillusionment and which are stable enough to allow for a reasonable understanding...
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...Ethics When the term “ethics “is brought up, lots of things come up in mind. In brief, ethics can be comprised of a set of moral issues that should always be respected. In addition, they are concerned with rules that one could not either feel or see in an abstract manner. They revolve around issues that are either good or bad. In fact, ethics are a set of principles that should be highly respected by all members of the society. Consequently, ethics should be instilled at an early age rather than learnt at an older age simply because it will be much harder at a later age. Moreover, I should also mention that our community teaches us a great deal about ethics. An example of this would be telling the truth. In other words, when a child is raised and taught to tell the truth, it can be said that they have ethics. Other examples may include, but are not limited to, the following: treating others nicely, abstaining from unaccepted behavior, domesticating animals, loving one’s family, and so on and so forth. Based on these examples, ethics should be treated as a form of human awareness based on control. Additionally, ethics regulate all types of behaviors in all spheres of social life with no exceptions as far as politics, work, science, etc. As far as the source of my personal ethics, I should humbly mention that it is a direct result of my religious background. To explain, my religion teaches me a great deal about ethics. For example, my religion teaches me to treat others nicely...
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...Information Systems Management Joe Jelenek / K00121194 Information Systems Management Joe Jelenek / K00121194 Why it does not matter Why it does not matter Discuss the following statement using arguments for and against the point of view stated: Technology does not create a competitive advantage. Instead, it is the appropriate management of technology that creates a competitive advantage. Why IT does not matter The whole world of e-commerce and using IT within businesses started by inventing the personal computer and connecting the world and business with theirs customers via internet. The spending of the resources on IT by businesses was increasing more and more towards the end of the century. In the last decade it was nearly 50% of the capital expenditures. Carr (2003) says that any business has equal access to the computer technology because it is affordable and as the technology evolves and innovates, the price goes down more rapidly. That means the IT does not gives the advantage to the organization, but it’s the way organization manages the IT, how it aligns the IT with the organizations business goals that gives it the competitive edge against the competition. IT becomes just a commodity and cost of doing business. What makes it truly strategic is tis scarcity. Another area that has to be looked at when adopting IT technologies is if to use proprietary or infrastructural (open standard) technology. The proprietary technology is protecting...
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...Australia and ING Australia. New Zealand: The New Zealand division covers a range of banking services for personal, small business and corporate customers in New Zealand including corporate and commercial banking, investment insurance products, private banking, rural banking and central support. The division includes business of ANZ Retail and NBNZ Retail. International & Institutional Banking: This division provides solutions for global institutional clients, retail and business clients in the Asia Pacific region. Technology: Technology is comprised of the global delivery of ANZ's information technology services for customers and staff as well as infrastructure and information security. Global Services & Operations: This division comprises ANZ's global support division, which includes shared services operations and the delivery of IT services and infrastructure. This division is responsible for the delivery of ANZ's information technology solutions and infrastructure, back-office operations in India and the provision of...
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