...Introduction What is Open and Distance Learning? Open and Distance learning is an educational format designed to offer students the option of attaining their education without having to attend classes. Distance learning provides students with the flexibility and convenience of setting their own pace of work. For example, a student can manage a full time job and continue his or her education at the same time. Distance education has emerged as an important form of education in the last few decades. In recent years, the offering of online courses and programmes has become increasingly popular not only in distance education institutions, but in traditional universities as well (Wheeler, 2002). There are many Universities in Malaysia that offers Open and Distance Learning to adult learners or to the people who are working and wanting to further their studies. Among the first university who offers the Open and Distance learning was Universiti Sains Malaysia, which was known as “Off Campus Study” back in 1971. (Supyan , 2004). Since then, the demand for Open and Distance Learner has increased tremendously. After Universiti Sains Malaysia, many other universities started to offer Open and Distance Learning, such as UPSI (Universiti Perguruan Sultan Idriss), UKM (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), UPM (Universiti Putra Malaysia), UiTM (Universiti Teknologi MARA) and also many private universities, to cope with the increasing demand and number of the adult learners. OUM (Open University...
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...Distant Learning and High School Students Distance learning in educational institutions has become very popular in today’s society. This type of learning that has been implemented into the high school environment as an alternative to traditional classes for some students. It is precisely this situation that studies are being conducted to determine if high school students should be allowed to take online courses. Even though studies have shown distance learning in the high school environment has taken away the teacher/student direct interaction and inhibits socializing with other students, allowing this type of learning to continue may be more beneficial in today’s society because further research still needs to be conducted. The use of technology has made classrooms accessible via the World Wide Web and studies have shown some interesting facts about online learning in the high school environment. One main study showed that there were issues with technology itself and the lack of in-class discussions among students. Williamson, Bernhard & Chamberlin (2000) noted that in what they call “Far View Courses” that there were technical problems within the virtual classroom with audio and video freezing up. Advances in technology have reduced many of these problems over the past fourteen years. Back in 2000, the internet was slow compared to today. Multiple students can sign into class at the same time and are able to stay on pace with the lectures and readings. They also noted...
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...Behavioral Economics Matters for HIV Research: The Impact of Behavioral Biases on Adherence to Antiretrovirals (ARVs) Abstract Behavioral economics (BE) has been used to study a number of health behaviors such as smoking and drug use, but there is little knowledge of how these insights relate to HIV prevention and care. We present novel evidence on the prevalence of the common behavioral decision-making errors of present-bias, overoptimism, and information salience among 155 Ugandan HIV patients, and analyze their association with subsequent medication adherence. 36 % of study participants are classified as present-biased, 21 % as overoptimistic, and 34 % as having salient HIV information. Patients displaying present-bias were 13 % points (p = 0.006) less likely to have adherence rates above 90 %, overoptimistic clients were 9 % points (p = 0.04) less likely, and those not having salient HIV information were 17 % points (p\0.001) less likely. These findings indicate that BE may be used to screen for future adherence problems and to better design and target interventions addressing these behavioral biases and the associated suboptimal adherence The Importance of BE Biases for Chronic Health Behaviors We focus on three key behavioral biases that have been found to influence health behaviors for other chronic conditions [9] and that we hypothesize may also be important to components of ARV adherence: Present-Bias A key behavioral bias is present-bias, which is the tendency...
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...Before I began at Axia my thoughts about distant learning were unclear. I had no idea what to expect because I had not taken an online course before. Although I had not taken an online course before, now that I am in this course I can see how this type of distant learning fits me much better than a traditional classroom. In a traditional classroom it was difficult to stay focused and take notes during the lecture the professor was giving. Because of this I would only have my memory to remember what was discussed in the class. By being in a distant learning environment it seems easier because all the discussion topics are in the forums so if I forget or miss any important information I can easily look it up and reread it. What I have learned through this course is that I have learned how to focus differently. I have learned that regardless of what type of environment I am in, a traditional classroom or distant learning environment I have to push away the distractions as I have in this distant learning environment. Also, to be more productive I have to be more focus and stay on track of everything that I do. I choose this as an important lesson because I have had a difficult time staying focused in school and in this course I have learned how to be more productive and focused. In the type of job that I have being productive and focused are skills that I have always had to acquire, but applying them outside of my job has been a learning process, which I now believe I have been...
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...Effective use of instructional materials in the teaching of basic sciences CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Education, according to Coombs (1970) consists of two components. He classified these two components into inputs and outputs. According to him, inputs consist of human and material resources and outputs are the goals and outcomes of the educational process. Both the inputs and outputs form a dynamic organic whole and if one wants to investigate and assess the educational system in order to improve its performance, effects of one component on the other must be examined. Instructional resources which are educational inputs are of vital importance to the teaching of any subject in the school curriculum. Wales (1975) was of the opinion that the use of instructional resources would make discovered facts glued firmly to the memory of students. Savoury (1958) also added that, a well-planned and imaginative use of visual aids in lessons should do much to banish apathy, supplement inadequacy of books as well as arouse student’s interest by giving them something practical to see and do, and at the same time helping to train them to think things out themselves. Savoury (1958) suggested a catalogue of useful visual aids that are good for teaching history i.e pictures, post cards, diagrams, maps, filmstrips and models. He said that selection of materials which are related to the basic contents of a course or a lesson, helps in-depth understanding of such a lesson...
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...of objectivity and enforces political resistance. Aggravates the conflict between line and staff 3 fallacies Predetermination: To make strategic planning successful, an organization has to control or predict the course of the environment. Detachment managers are detached from the very things they are supposed to make strategies about Formalization Grand falacy: Soft analysis: Informal visionary and learning processes of line managers. Strategic planning is not the same as strategy making should have been called strategic programming Promoted as a process to formalize, when necessary, the consequences of strategies already developed instead of making new strategies Learning myopia: Why experience is a poor teacher. Experience is often a poor teacher, because it involves inferences from information and there are cognitive limits. Additionally, the experience is not as complex as the actual account. Experiences from others and politics influence your experience as well. Finally learning in the neighborhood of current experiences in the short-run restricts learning at a distance and in the long run. Simplification construction of buffers Organizations want to learn from former experiences; however the interactive complexity of history makes it hard to find the causal relation. Departmentalization will solve this problem, because it segregates experiences and allocates attention sequential to divergent goals. Specialization principle of...
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...motivates students. This statistic from “5 Positive Effects Technology Has On Teaching and Learning” reflects that, the more technology advances, the more students will have to learn to adapt. With technology in classrooms, students will now be able to understand information and turn in tasks at their own pace. Giving children technology will let them have additional resources needed to help them learn. Throughout time technology has enlarged a tremendous amount. 50 years ago, a family would be lucky to have a single telephone. Now in modern times each family averages one per person. In the article, “In Defense of Technology” Andrew O’Hagan that, to believe in progress is not only to believe in the future: it is also to usher in the possibility that the past wasn’t all as great as it seems. In the past citizens had slightly more trouble completing school work or jobs that would be quicker with technology. O’Hagan said he needed to know something about a distant relative for a book he is writing. With technology, he had a website up with information in less than 20...
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...Student Survival Guide Gen/105 February 7th Student Survival Guide There are many different ways that I can be successful throughout my journey with Distant Learning. I have chosen this route because dedicating my time to a nearby college means taking away from my children’s needs. There are many people out there that don’t take the time to teach their children the basics but my almost three year knows her ABC’s, numbers to twenty, a variety of animals and can write some letters. I feel that these past nine weeks have taught me to stay motivated so I can complete my degree. It has taken some time to adapt to taking classes online but it’s always good to challenge yourself with something new. Attending classes anytime during the day seven days a week along with help from my graduation team is going to help me achieve my goals. There are advantages and disadvantages to distant learning, but what makes it so manageable is not being afraid to ask for help when needed. I can contact my instructor whether it’d be through email or picking up the telephone. One disadvantage is for the students who are used to being in a classroom setting, learning best by seeing and hearing the instructor. It may take a little while longer for these students to adapt. I feel that being able to review feedback and assignments that have been posted has been really helpful throughout these past weeks, along with discussions with the other students. Being able to discuss with other students...
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...5. Recommendations The recommendations noted below have been formulated after inviting experts to iLearn Delphi session. The findings were view to establishing sustainable education system at the greater extent to exploring any potential agenda for Swinburne 2020 plan. Reflecting on the expert’s views, it appears that most important purpose of undertaking higher education is the need for personal development through associating theory and practice, with social engagement aspect. Further, the core curriculum does not have the capability to deliver what might be considered professional development. In short, the message was that there are rooms for change. The expert’s response was to commence a sustainable learning and professional experience....
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...that when an animal is repeatedly exposed to stimuli that neither hurts nor helps, it stops responding. This lack of response to something that isn't posing a problem means that the animal isn't wasting energy; it's still alert in case danger does occur. Although it's easy to confuse habituation learning with sensory adaptation, the two aren't the same. Behavior is the key in habituation, as the animal may respond to the stimuli in other ways, but one part of the response is stopped. Habituation means that when something doesn't pose a threat to our safety, we get used to it. We learn to just put up with harmless stimuli rather than waste our energy reacting to it. For instance, if a person moves into a home near a railroad track and the vibration can be felt through the floor every time a train goes by, at first he or she may feel like something bad will happen, such as the vibration will cause people in the home to fall or an object to fall and break. Sensation is the process by which our senses gather information and send it to the brain. A large amount of information is being sensed at any one time such as room temperature, brightness of the lights, someone talking, a distant train, or the smell of perfume. With all this information coming into our senses, the majority of our world never gets recognized. We don't notice radio waves, x-rays, or the microscopic parasites crawling on our skin. We don't sense all the odors around us or taste every individual spice in our...
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...financial issues my family could not afford paying for piano lessons, so I did not have good foundations in playing piano. I am perusing a major in communications and a minor in music. For this reason I was required to take piano classes and full fill my dream that finally started to become true. Even though my minor’s focus is not piano; piano is still a very good help for different reasons. Taking piano lessons have provided me with the adequate foundations which have played a major role for me to develop a better understanding of basic piano skills. In the not too distant future, learning how to use the right fingering will allow me to help worship teams with their music. The reason for this is that, they will probably need me to show them a scale or a song that they need to work on, which will make it easier for me to play the song. Piano also has been a big help for me not just because I am learning how to play the instrument that I had constant dreams about. It has been a big help for me because for years I was trying to learn how to play pieces while sight reading them, and I have never succeeded because there was no one that was capable to help me with anything. Right now I am better in playing the piano and knowing how to play a piece without too much hesitation by finding the right keys or the right chords. I am so grateful to have a piano class, it is definitely a dream come true. Piano will allow me to help worship teams with their songs. Also, it will be easier...
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...achieve a desired result, and work as hard as you have to, to achieve it. By doing this at your internship you will grow as a person and learn things you usually will not learn in a classroom setting. In my current internship my goal is to learn more about the “Real World.” I am an accounting major and I have spent most of my time learning about accounting from a desk. In the classroom most of what we discuss is conceptual, it is not real, but often what is referenced could be. From my internship I hope to take what I have learned and apply it to a real scenario. I want the “Real World” to be a real thing, not a distant concept. By bringing the “Real World” to real life my goal is to learn new skills and business practices. I want to learn what it is like to be an account from day to day. I want to know if it is really something I want to do for the next 30 plus years. I want to see how real professionals conduct themselves at work, and learn to do the same. I want to see the accounting process in action, what’s it really like. This internship will help me learn what I want to, and it will prepare me for my future career. Learning how to work and behave at my internship in a business environment...
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...then at the top is the intellect with which the ideas for making a better world originate. The whole concept of self-leadership is travelling that distance from the bottom to the top. But I guess only becoming a leader won’t help, be it by self-awakening or by some external hand, it is important to be inspired. Just like Swami ji talked about in the video, Anil Sir too made the exact same proposition regarding this. A leader should have the inspired enthusiasm which is almost as indispensable for the conscience as is physical pleasure to our senses, food to our stomach, feelings to the heart and intellect to the mind. Inspired leadership, as defined in the class, is the understanding of the relation between cause and effect when they are distant in time and space. This means being able to contemplate the veracity of an idea and how effective it might be, well before the time it gets conceived or is even...
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...and silence. Learners need to know 'what is in it for me?' ‘We need to know the "why" before the "how" is even relevant'. Learners have proved that they learn actively before they ever set foot inside a classroom, and yet when they get there they are usually given passive roles. It is a little like setting a television on standby. Learning is not a receptive task; it is active, pro-active even. Yet, if they are able to see or feel a need for something; if they have a personal interest in something; or if they just want the challenge; they have the "why" and are ready to learn actively. Learners spend far more of their lives outside of school, out in the 'real world', and they deserve to see that what they do is realistic, relevant and necessary. The motivation is then intrinsic and the "how", the learning itself, actually means something and can be absorbing. First of all from a theoretical perspective, Framingham, Massachusetts (1968) for instance referred to a learning process named Sudbury Model of democratic education schools. Sudbury model of democratic education schools assert that there are many ways to study and learn. They argue that learning is a process you do, not a process that is done to you. The experience of Sudbury model democratic school shows that there are many ways to learn without the intervention of teaching to say, without the intervention of a teacher being imperative. In the case of reading for instance in the Sudbury model democratic schools some children...
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...involved. This class has also taught me how to motivate myself to learn. By doing this one must know their strengths and weaknesses and find a learning style that works for that individual person. Also, for example, if one already has a learning style and a teacher uses a different style, that person must them learn to adapt to that teachers learning style. Lastly one must develop critical thinking skills and study skills in order to be successful. The learning experience has also taught me how to think critically and creatively. In order to succeed in this process, one must first learn how to examine their assumptions and make predictions. Secondly, one must sharpen their interpretations and then evaluate what they learn; this will also help in making college life a successful one. Third of all, one must know what they want to achieve in their future and set goals for themselves. If goals are not set then a person does now have a guide to what they want to achieve in their life. One must also learn problem solving, this in turn will aid in life’s tough decisions. To do all the steps listed in the sentences above, one must first set goals for success in college. It is very constructive to have long-term and short-term goals. Having these kinds of goals helps a person to stay on track with what they want to achieve in the near and distant future. As the class went on, persons discovered more and more ways to develop their study...
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