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Distillation

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Determination of boiling point and melting point of the organic liquids, in practice determining the boiling point of ethyl and Isopropyl Alcohol and the melting point of benzoic acid and Urea. However, the boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the pressure of the vapor above a liquid equals the existing pressure. As we heat a liquid, the pressure of the vapor above the liquid slowly increases. When this pressure equals the pressure presented in the container, the liquid begins to boil– the liquid turns to vapor.

Many factors affect the boiling point and melting point of an organic compound, and one of which is the molecular structure. Purity and branching also affects the boiling and melting point of a compound. There are three trends that affect the boiling and melting points and one of these trends is the relative strength of the four intermolecular attractions is factor significally affects the boiling point and the melting point of a compound.

INTRODUCTION

Internationally, boiling points is a useful physical property for demonstrating the purity of an organic compound. Boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equal atmospheric pressure or some other applied pressure. A boiling point is commonly measured when the liquid heated. The boiling temperature is measured as distillation vapor covers the bulb of a thermometer suspended above the boiling liquid. Typically, the most accurate boiling point measurement is the relatively constant temperature achieved during a distillation. The melting point of a compound is the temperature at which the solid phase is in equilibrium with the liquid phase. A solid compound changes to a liquid when the molecules acquire enough energy to overcome the forces holding them together in an orderly crystalline lattice. For most organic compounds, these

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