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Diversity

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Submitted By lil0811
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Diversity in Canada
August 23, 2011

Abstract
In this paper I will be looking at diversity in Canada and how the term of diversity is used to refer to cultural differences, how it applies to all the qualities that make people different. Diversity is shown in mutual respect and appreciation of the similarities and differences such as age, culture, education, ethnicity, experience, gender, race, religion, and sexual orientation. An environment where diversity is respected is on whereas individuals, and members of teams, can effectively apply all talents, skills and experiences. Demographic characteristics are the background characteristics that help what a person becomes. Ethnicity reflects the cultural experiences and feelings of a particular group but does not exclude the possibility that individuals within that group have the capacity to learn cultural behaviors of other groups.

Diversity in Canada
Canada is the second largest country and it is located in the Western Hemisphere. Diversity is important to a country because with a diverse environment people can benefit and learn from each others ideas. As more immigrants go to Canada the more diverse the country becomes. Canadians express a sense of unity and they are open to accepting other individual’s culture. This research paper is on the diversity in Canada and will be answer with the following questions:
What is the key diversity concerns for Canada?
Which groups are dominant and non-dominant?
What are the participation rates, earnings, and employment differences among the groups?
What legislation regarding those groups exists in the country?
How is diversity in Canada similar to or different from diversity in the United States?
Assume you are starting a business in that country. Upon which diversity-related factors would you place most emphasis or be most concerned?
What is the key diversity concerns for Canada? Some of the key diversity concerns for Canada are to “find negative effects of strong ethnic attachments on rates of citizenship acquisition for immigrants, and on acquisition of a sense of Canadian identity. There is also a clear negative effect of strong ethnic attachments on feelings of trust in others.”(Reitz, 2010). The key concerns also involves being more attached to an ethnic minority community where a strong ethnic identity is in the community which would have its advantages and disadvantages. According to Reitz (2010) “For recent immigrants, 34 percent of visible minorities reported experiences of discrimination in the previous 5 years, compared to 19 percent for whites. Visible minorities also more often report discomfort in social situations, and even fear becoming the target of an attack.” This is another great concern for Canada’s diversity because immigrants should feel safe and protect in a country were they are trying to find a better future, which they could not receive in their homeland. Diversity brings ideas, knowledge and beliefs to a new country which helps them grow and benefit from it. According to Reitz (2010) study of the diversity in Canada which can reveals the experience of visible minorities:
A second finding shows that inequalities experienced by visible minorities are an important challenge for policy. Visible minorities in Canada experience significant inequality and often report instances of discrimination.There has been considerable debate about whether specific Muslim values, beliefs or practices such as regarding gender equality and the enforcement of religious codes, may undermine social cohesion because they clash too much with mainstream Canadian society. Multiculturalism policies should not only emphasize the potential strengths of diversity, but also address some of its challenges.
Which groups are dominant and non-dominant? Canada’s ethnicity is composed of three main groups which are the French-English bifurcation; other ethnic groups, neither French nor English in origin; and Aboriginal peoples.(Marger, 2009). The Canadian race relations foundation states the groups that are dominant in Canada are mainly white, Christian, male and English speaking, “perceiving themselves to be superior to and more privileged than Aboriginal Peoples, Black People and other people of color or people of minority religious or linguistic groups.” Canada’s non-dominant group also known as visible minority groups are: Chinese, South Asian, Black, Arab, West Asian, Filipino, Southeast Asia, Latin American, Japanese, Korean, and other such as Pacific Islanders.(The Atlas of Canada-Visible Minority Population.) The Atlas of Canada for visible minority population reports in the 2006 census about 5.1 million of the population is made up of visible minority:
In 1981, when data for the four Employment Equity designated groups were first derived, the estimated 1.1 million visible minorities represented 4.7% of Canada's total population. In 1991, 2.5 million people were members of the visible minority population or 9.4% of the population. The visible minority population further increased to 3.2 million in 1996, or 11.2% of the total population. By 2001, their numbers had reached an estimated 3,983,800 or 13.4% of the total population. In 2006, the visible minorities accounted for 16.2% of Canada’s total population.
What are the participation rates, earnings, and employment differences among the groups? The participation rates for Canada in 1991, 1996 and 2001 stated “rates of visible minorities are roughly comparable to those of the total population. The participation rate of the Canadian-born visible minority group was lower than that of the immigrant visible minority groups.”(Samuel, & Basavarajappa, p. 248). The earnings differences among the groups in the 1996 census shows the disadvantages of the visible minority. For example, those of West Asian origin and those of Latin America origin earned $6,933 and $8,452 below the national mean. Blacks earned $5,310 below the national average earning and those of Vietnamese origin earned $4,968 below that level.(Li, 2000). In 1981, the employment differences shows the visible minority men and women of prime working ages (25-54 years), who immigrated before 1981, all had lower average unemployment and higher employment rates than their Canadian-born non-visible minority.(Samuel, & Basavarajappa).
What legislation regarding those groups exists in the country? The legislation that exist regarding visible minorities groups in Canada are the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Employment Equity Act, and Canadian Human Rights Act. The Charter guarantees certain political rights to Canadian citizens and civil rights of everyone in Canada from the policies and actions of all areas and levels of government. The Employment Equity Act as defined by Canadian law requires employers to engage in motivated employment practices to increase the representation of four designated groups: women, people with disabilities, Aboriginal peoples, and visible minorities. The department of justice states that the Canadian Human Rights Act mainly purpose is to extend:
The laws in Canada to give effect, within the purview of matters coming within the legislative authority of Parliament, to the principle that all individuals should have an opportunity equal with other individuals to make for themselves the lives that they are able and wish to have and to have their needs accommodated, consistent with their duties and obligations as members of society, without being hindered in or prevented from doing so by discriminatory practices based on race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, disability or conviction for an offense for which a pardon has been granted.
How is diversity in Canada similar to or different from diversity in the United States? Diversity in Canada is similar to the diversity in the United States by the ethnic development of both societies began with a process of migrant superordination, in which an indigenous population in both societies were reduced to a state of dependence on the dominant group; Both societies were populated by successive immigrant waves and current immigration in both is comparable in its societal affect. Both societies are among the major destinations of global immigration, and most immigrants are non-European; Both societies are today among the most ethnically diverse in the world.(Marger, 2009, p. 462). The difference between each countries diversity is that Canada is a two-nation society, with two distinct cultural groups having charter group status; Canada has adopted more pluralist approach to the absorption of various ethnic groups into its population, though in fact progressive assimilation of ethnic groups has generally paralleled U.S patterns; Canada did not abide institutionalized slavery and thus did not experience the travails of integrating a former slave population into its mainstream; Race and ethnic relations in Canada have historically been more benign and ethnic tolerance higher than inn the United States.(Marger, 2009, p. 462)
Assume you are starting a business in that country. Upon which diversity-related factors would you place most emphasis or be most concerned? The most emphasis I would place in which diversity-related factors are concerned would be the debate about the social impact of diversity in Canada. I would target the middle of the main visible groups. Sometimes they are in need of essential from their country of origin and if I could export or somehow offer a service in which they need. This could well guarantee the growth of the business. So, that would be the main emphasis in opening a business. Another concerned I would aim the business is the multiculturalism policies should not only emphasize the potential strengths of diversity, but also address some of its challenges.

References
"Canadian Human Rights Act." Justice Laws Website | Site Web De La Législation (Justice). Web. .
“Canadian Race Relations Foundation ::Fondation Canadienne Des Relations Raciales-Glossary.” ::Canadian Race Relations Foundation::Fondation Canadienne Des Relations Raciales-Home. Web. .
Li, P. (2000). Cultural diversity in Canada: the social construction of racial differences. Retrieved from dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/J3-4-02-8E.pdf
Marger, M. N. (2009). Race and ethnic relations, american and global perspectives. (pp. 453-463). Wadsworth Pub Co.
Reitz, J. G. (2010, April 01). Social impact of diversity: potentials and challenges in Canada. Retrieved from http://blog.fedcan.ca/2010/04/01/social-impact-of-diversity-potentials-and-challenges-in-canada/
Samuel, J., & Basavarajappa, K. (n.d.). The visible minority population in Canada: a review of numbers, growth and labour force issues. Retrieved from www.canpopsoc.org/journal/CSPv33n2p241.pdf
“The Atlas of Canada - Visible Minority Population.”Welcome to the Atlas of Canada / Bienvenue à L'Atlas Du Canada. Web. .

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