...Djibouti has so much lifestyle and culture for being a small country in Africa. The economy, politics, geography, and culture have is what makes up the country. From 1967, Djibouti struggled to gain their independence from the French Territory of the Afar and the Issas. Following along in this essay will give you an insight on how a small country can make a huge impact on a big country. The country has a vast amount of trades passing through due to it being located along the Red Sea. Fruits and vegetables make up most of the countries crops that have traded many of places around the world. In 2013, the purchasing power parity estimated at two in a half billion, with a growth rate of five percent annually. The neighboring countries of Djibouti...
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...COMOROS AND DJIBOUTI --- COMOROS GEOGRAPHY The Comoros consist of four islands and several islets in the western Indian Ocean. They were formed by Volcanic Activity. Three of the islands are members of an independent country, The Union of the Comoros and are named in their Comorian Language. These are: * Ngazidja (Grande Comore): the youngest and largest of the islands, has a massive, active volcano and recent lava flows * Mwali (Mohéli): smallest, mountainous, no recent lava activity * Nzwani (Anjouan): mountainous, no recent lava activity The fourth island is a department of France and its name is in French: * Maore (Mayotte): ancient volcanic island with highly eroded mountains and slow, meandering streams The capital and largest city, Moroni, is located on Ngazidja. The Comoros Archipelago is situated in the Indian Ocean, in the Mozambique Channel, between the African coast (nearest to Mozambique and Tanzania) and Madagascar, with no land borders. At 2,235 km2, it is one of the smallest countries in the world. The Comoros also has claim to 320 km2 of territorial seas. The interiors of the islands vary from steep mountains to low hills. The climate is generally tropical and mild, and the two major seasons are distinguishable by their relative raininess. ECONOMY * Comoros is one of the world's poorest countries. * Economic growth and poverty reduction are major priorities for the government. * Agriculture, including fishing, hunting...
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...It has very low rainfall all year round, about 6.5 inches, and the water balance (rainfall minus evaporation) is negative. This is why Djibouti's rainfall is notorious for not producing runoff or replenishing the watertable. Hence, there is no permanent water source on the national territory; the drinking water supplied to urban areas is extracted solely from underground aquifers (boreholes). It can be tapped from a shallow depth in dry wadis or deeper in fractured volcanic rocks. In Djibouti City in particular, the water supply problem is very acute. Indeed, all the water resources are unidentified and limited, since their availability depends on the rise in water levels. Moreover, the quality of the water collected is very variable in terms of salinity. The estimated capacity of Djibouti’s watertable is 13.5 million cubic meters per year and the operating flow is about 13.9 million cubic meters per year. This means that the city's water source is being overused, likely from boreholes located on the coastal areas. The study concluded by defining measures that need to be taken to gradually address these shortages, such as recourse to sea water desalinization through the reverse osmosis...
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...In Djibouti, the politics take place in a framework of semi-presidential republic. Executive power is run by the government. The government and parliament both have say in the Legislative power. The party system and parliament are both controlled by a group called People’s Rally for Progress. When a president is elected they serve for a single five-year term. The president is the head of the state. The prime minister controls the government. The prime minister is chosen by the president and the Council of Ministers. The country has five regions and one city. Djibouti is part of the United Nations and Arab League. The main religion practiced in Djibouti is Islam. Ninety-four percent of the nation’s population is Islam and six percent of the...
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...“I am one or two days away from death; they will shoot me dead, thus if you give birth to a son please name him after me.” ----An Eritrean victim of human trafficking from The Sinai Desert INTRODUCTION This paper examines the issue of human trafficking as it relates to human security in the Horn of Africa. Trafficking takes place by criminal means through the threat or use of force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of positions of power or abuse of positions of vulnerability. Further, it relates to all stages of the trafficking process: recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of person. An agreed definition of human trafficking exists under Article 3 of the “Palermo Protocol” on trafficking in persons which went into effect on 25 December 2003. This internationally agreed definition focuses on exploitation of human beings – be it for sexual exploitation, other forms of forced labor, slavery, servitude, or for the removal of human organs. Trafficking is not just a transnational crime across international borders; the definition applies to internal domestic trafficking of human beings. In the Horn of Africa (HOA), both cross border and internal trafficking of women and children is prevalent. For example, in Ethiopia, children are being trafficked into armed conflict where it is reported that over 20,000 of them have been victims. Almost all of the countries in the region have been identified as sources, transit points or destination...
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...The Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) is the largest commercial bank in Ethiopia As of June 2013, it had about 195.4 billion Birr in assets and held approximately 63.5% of deposits and about 38% of all bank loans in the country. The bank has around 22,000 employees, who staff its headquarters and its over 900 branches positioned in the main cities and regional towns. The latter include 120 branches in the national capital Addis Ababa. With the opening of a branch in the Gechi in the Illubabor Zone of the Oromia Region, CBE's banking network has reached online 783 branches. The bank has reached 1014 branches as of February 12, 2016.[2] The bank also operates two branches in South Sudan, and is contemplating opening re-opening a branch in Djibouti, andopening branches in Dubai and Washington, DC, all to serve the Ethiopian diaspora. History A Commercial Bank of Ethiopia building in Addis Ababa. After the Ethiopian-English victory over Fascist Italy, the new government established the State Bank of Ethiopia a proclamation issued in August 1942. State Bank of Ethiopia commenced full operations on 15 April 1943 with two branches and 43 staff. It served both as the Ethiopia's central bank with the power to issue bank notes and coins as the agent of the Ministry of Finance, and as the principal commercial bank in the country. In 1945 the Ethiopian government granted the bank the sole right of issuing currency. The first governor...
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...Doing Business is series of annual reports with their benchmark regulations affect small and medium size enterprises. The 2014 year report presents quantitative indicators on 11 areas of business regulations for 189 economies. It is a tool that allows economies to track progress over the time by comparing each other in respect of building blocks for business. The report further helps policy makers to reduce cost and complexity of government procedures. The report tracks and changes for regulations applying to small or medium companies in 10 areas of life cycle: starting business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, resolving insolvency, enforcing contracts and trading across borders. Because of this report, every year formalities require to setup business getting reduced. On comparing indicators, the year 2013 regulatory witnessed 300 fewer formalities compare to previous year 2012. Of all the indicators, the construction permits is one of regulatory reform where top improvers focused for year 2014. Property registration is another reform where top 7 out of 10 top improvers have implemented changes. 4 out of top 10 have implemented changes in electricity by reducing complexity and cost of getting connection. The report uses simple average approach for weighting component indicators and calculating rankings and distance to frontier (it is a measure that shows how far economy is from highest...
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...protectorate and an Italian colony, Somalia was created in 1960 when the two territories merged. Since then its development has been slow. Relations with neighbours have been soured by its territorial claims on Somali-inhabited areas of Ethiopia, Kenya and Djibouti. In 1970 Mr Barre proclaimed a socialist state, paving the way for close relations with the USSR. In 1977, with the help of Soviet arms, Somalia attempted to seize the Ogaden region of Ethiopia, but was defeated thanks to Soviet and Cuban backing for Ethiopia, which had turned Marxist. In 1991 President Barre was overthrown by opposing clans. But they failed to agree on a replacement and plunged the country into lawlessness and clan warfare. Continue reading the main story At a glance * Scene of Africa's worst humanitarian crisis: aid agencies warn that millions face starvation * No effective government since 1991 * Islamist militia and UN-backed transitional government compete for control of country * The self-proclaimed state of Somaliland and the region of Puntland run their own affairs Country profiles compiled by BBC Monitoring In 2000 clan elders and other senior figures appointed Abdulkassim Salat Hassan president at a conference in Djibouti. A transitional government was set up, with the aim of reconciling warring militias. But as its mandate drew to a close, the administration had made little progress in uniting the country. In 2004, after protracted talks in Kenya, the main warlords...
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...Somalia state is geographically located in eastern Africa with Ethiopia located at the west of Somalia, Djibouti to the northwest, and Kenya to the southwest, Yemen to the north and the Indian Ocean to the east. Furthermore Somalia is strategically located in the Horn Africa with the largest coast line among all African countries (). According to the World Fact Book (2014) the Somali population estimated about 10 million and has been without an effective functioning government for more than two decades since the collapse of Mohamed Siyad Barre administration of the country in early 1991. After President Siyad Barre downfall, the state became a playground for the local warlords organized by clan cleavages. The country was heavily turned into...
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...culture of a group without generalizing. This handbook attempts to be as accurate and specific as possible, but inevitably contains such generalizations. Treat these generalizations with caution and wariness. They do provide insight into a culture, but the accuracy and usefulness will depend on the context and specific circumstances. WHERE IS THE ARAB WORLD? • The Arab world stretches from Morocco across Northern Africa to the Persian Gulf. The Arab world is more or less equal to the area known as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Although this excludes Somalia, Djibouti, and the Comoros Islands which are part of the Arab world. • It can also be defined as those countries where Arabic is the dominant language. • Arab countries are religiously and ethnically diverse with Islam being the dominant religion in most countries. • 22 Arab countries/areas: Algeria, Bahrain, the Comoros Islands, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. • Iran and Turkey are not Arab countries. ARAB GEOGRAPHY The Arab “homeland” stretches some 5,000 miles – nearly twice the distance between New York and San Francisco – from the Atlantic coast of northern Africa in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to Central Africa in the south. It covers an area of 5.25 million square miles. By comparison, the United...
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...the east and south coast of Africa. It links South Africa with Sudan via landing points in Mozambique, Madagascar, the Comoros, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia and Djibouti. The cable incorporates the latest developments in submarine fibre-optic technology, making it economical to connect the sub-Saharan Africa into the high-speed global telecommunications network. The system is owned and operated by a group of 16 African (92%) and international (8%) shareholders – all telecommunications operators and service providers. EASSy is the highest capacity system serving sub-Saharan Africa, with more than 10Tbps, 2 fibre-pair configuration. It is the first to deliver direct connectivity between eastern Africa and Europe / North America. It is also the only system with built-in resilience end-to-end. EASSy interconnects with multiple international submarine cable networks for diverse, seamless onward connectivity to Europe, the Americas, the Middle East and Asia. In a related project, investors in the EASSy system are building terrestrial fibre backhauls to link the land-locked countries of the region to the cable. EASSy is a 10,000km submarine cable system deployed along the east and south coast of Africa. It links South Africa with Sudan via landing points in Mozambique, Madagascar, the Comoros, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia and Djibouti. The cable incorporates the latest developments in submarine fibre-optic technology, making it economical to connect the sub-Saharan Africa into the high-speed...
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... The exact number of speakers is unknown because of the recent civil wars and the resultant waves of migration. Key Dialects: There are three main dialects of Somali: Northern Somali, Benaadir (coastal Somali), and Af-Ashraaf (Ashraaf). Northern Somali is the primary dialect and is the basis for standard Somali. Geographical Center: Somalia and independent Somaliland (northern Somalia) GENERAL INTRODUCTION Somali is perhaps the best documented and most thoroughly studied Cushitic language. It is spoken by roughly eight million people in Somalia and independent Somaliland (northern Somalia), where it is the official language. Outside Somalia, it is spoken by approximately five million people in a number of countries, including Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Italy, Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Speakers of Somali are typically multilingual in Arabic and Italian. Alternate names of the language are Af-Soomaali and Af-Maxaad Tiri. LINGUISTIC AFFILIATION Somali is an Eastern Cushitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Related languages include Afar and Oromo. LANGUAGE VARIATION There are three primary regional dialects of Somali: Northern Somali, Benaadir Somali, and Af-Ashraaf Somali. Northern Somali is the main dialect and is highly intelligible to speakers of Benaadir Somali, but is considerably less intelligible to speakers of the Af-Ashraaf dialect. ORTHOGRAPHY A roman orthography was officially...
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...Asmara. This resulted in the United States to threaten to add Eritrea to the rogue states list with Cuba, Iran, Sudan, Syria, and North Korea. This would have lead to crippling sanctions. Eritrea’s cooperation with Somali rebels has continued to be an issue with not only the US but most of the rest of the world. Transition: As bad as its relationship with the US is Eritrea’s relationship with its neighbors is much worse and has a very negative impact on the rest of the country. Main Point 2: National Considerations a. Relations with neighbors / Sudan/ Ethiopia Eritrea has been in a state of war in some way or another with one or more of its neighbors since its independence. It has fought with Sudan, Yemen, Ethiopia, and most recently Djibouti. From 1961 to 1991 the people of Eritrea...
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...Examine the debates between modernization and dependency theory. Which one is more compelling? This essay will analyze the definitions of modernisation and dependency theory, the similarities and differences between them and it will evaluate which one is more convincing. Modernization is an imposing theory around many different disciplines for the reason that it attempts to explain how society develops and what variables are involved in the development and how society react to these changes looking at internal factors such as social and cultural structures. As Diana Kendall mentions, "Urbanization accompanied modernization and the rapid process of industrialization." (Kendall 2007) Modernization theory has developed in three different parts; the first part appeared in the 1950s and 1960s, when the dominance of materialistic western, individualist culture and individual achievement became the influential and dominant way of life during this period of time. The second part of modernization theory is part of the “idea of progress” that was accepted in the 1980s with the thought of people themselves could develop and transform their society. The last part of modernization theory takes place in the 1990s and it tries a more neutral approach without being in favor or against western modernization. Rather it attempts to expose the disagreements in the modernization process and to explain the consequences of modernity for individuals in contemporary society (Giddens, 1991a, 1991b)...
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...World Economic and Financial Sur veys Regional Economic Outlook Middle East and Central Asia 09 I N T E R N A T I O N A L M O N E T A R Y M AY F U N D W o r l d E c o n o m i c a n d F in a n c i a l S u r v e y s Regional Economic Outlook Middle East and Central Asia •••••••••••••••••••••• 09 I N T E R N A T I O N A L M O N E T A R Y F MAY U N D ©2009 International Monetary Fund Cataloging-in-Publication Data Regional economic outlook : Middle East and Central Asia. – [Washington, D.C.] : International Monetary Fund, 2009. p. ; cm. – (World economic and financial surveys, 0258-7440) ISBN 978-1-58906-842-1 “MAY09.” Includes bibliographical references. 1. Economic forecasting – Middle East. 2. Economic forecasting – Asia, Central. 3. Middle East – Economic conditions. 4. Middle East – Economic conditions – Statistics. 5. Asia, Central – Economic conditions. 6. Asia, Central – Economic conditions – Statistics. I. International Monetary Fund. II. Series: World economic and financial surveys. HC415.15.R445 2009 Please send orders to: International Monetary Fund, Publication Services 700 19th St. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20431, U.S.A. Tel.: (202) 623-7430 Fax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: publications@imf.org Internet: www.imfbookstore.org The views expressed in this publication are those of the contributors...
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