...In 2004, Mongelli, Reynolds and Steele studied the collision of the new technology of DNA fingerprinting which focuses in concluding the augmentation of DNA databases to include every convicted person, not just only the blood-and-guts crimes. This investigation can lead to its good effects on society, for putting one’s finger on unknown dead body, determining paternity, placing the suspect at the crime scene, more advanced leads, and connect crimes to identify the suspect. Meanwhile, their project aim is help to defeat and remove the public's doubt when it comes to DNA fingerprinting and help them know the information about the science in standing up for the use of DNA fingerprinting in the room in which legal cases are heard. Their study...
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...DNA Fingerprinting Using Agarose Gel S. Aaron Sowards Bio 122 Lab 04 Brianna Adanitsch Jakob Lester Minhenga Ngijoi 2/21/18 Dr. Chad R. Sethman Abstract DNA fingerprinting is the process of analyzing an individual’s DNA base-pair patterns. The DNA fingerprinting lab involved identifying the suspect using Agarose Gel and Polymerase Chain Reaction. It was found that suspect two s DNA matched the crime scene DNA. This is known because suspect twos DNA traveled the same distance as the crime scene DNA. DNA Fingerprinting Using Agarose Gel Introduction In 1984 Dr. Alex Jeffreys came up with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprinting, which is also known as DNA profiling or DNA typing. DNA fingerprinting is the analyzing...
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...Technological Communication Methods and Practices Paper The future brings for us many unknowns especially when it comes to law enforcement. Law enforcement technology has come a long way from its early days. Technology has facilitated the job for many law enforcement positions. Thanks to DNA and fingerprinting many cold case crimes have been solved, in addition many wrongfully accused have obtain their well-deserved freedom. In 2013 we can expect many advancements such as: brain fingerprinting, as well as recon scout throwbot (a robotic camera), lastly iPads to record statements made from witnesses and suspects. Brain fingerprinting was invented by Dr. Lawrence Farwell it remains a controversial procedure thus this is why it has yet to be used hopefully in the near future. Many oppose this method stating that it violates the 5th amendment which protects you against self-incrimination. The way brain fingerprinting works is by placing a headband around your head which measures brain wave responses when shown a particular body of writing or an image that was previously familiar. The "Search Security" (2000-2012) website states that this technique is more effective and reliable than a lie detector test thus this test is 99.99% infallible. The recon scout throwbot is a robotic camera that is throw able capable of seeing in complete darkness. This would allow law enforcement to save many lives; it would allow officers to throw in this device during dangerous and hostile environments...
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...Fingerprinting Forensics Fingerprints are one of the most important things that link a suspect with a crime scene. Colin Beavan says, “Every human being carries with him his cradle to his grave certain physical marks which do not change their character, and by which he can always be identified - and that without shade of doubt or question. These marks are his signature, his physiological autograph, so to speak, and his autograph can not be counterfeited, nor can he disguise it or hide it away, nor can it become illegible by the wear and mutations of time. This signature is not his face- age can change that beyond recognition; it is not his hair, for that can fall out; it is not his height, for duplicates of that exist; it is not his form, for duplicates of that exist also, whereas this signature is this man’s very own- there is no duplicate of it among the swarming populations of the globe. This autograph consists of the delicate lines or corrugations with which Nature marks the insides of the hands and the soles of the feet” (Beavan 1). “A fingerprint expert can tell apart the marks of two digits more easily than he can differentiate two people’s faces “(Beavan 11). Fingerprints play a crucial role in criminal detection because they are unique, have a long history, and have many uses. To begin, Fingerprints are unique when it comes to crime detection. No two people have been found to have the same fingerprints—they are totally unique. There’s a one in a 64 billion chance that...
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...WEEK 1- INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC SCIENCE Quote "Every contact leaves a trace." - Edmond Locard (1877 - 1966) Learning Objective(s) At the end of this topic, you should be able to: 1. Define 'Forensic Science'; 2. Explain the limits of Forensic Science; 3. Identify the types of forensic work; 4. Describe Locard's Exchange Principle; 5. Differentiate Reconstruction & Re-enactment. Synopsis To illustrate the scope and diversity of Forensic Science, place it in its legal context, and describe the various types of forensic work. There will also be a discussion of Comparison leading to Association, Reconstruction versus Re-enactment, Locard's Exchange Principle, and the limits of Forensic Science. Various case studies will also be analysed throughout the lecture. Case Studies Felicia Lee; Walter Dinivan; Madam Jetkor Miang Singh; Roberto Calvi; Buck Ruxton & the Jigsaw Murders; Acid Bath Haigh; 2005 London Bombings; "Brides in the Bath"; Gareth Williams; The Woodchipper Murder WEEK 2- CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE Quote "Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea" The act is not culpable unless the mind is also guilty. Learning Objective(s) At the end of this topic, you should be able to: 2A. Atomic Structure & Spectroscopy 1. Explain the structure of the atom and Bohr's model; 2. Differentiate between emission and absorption spectroscopy; 3. Explain the chemistry behind EDX and SEM-EDX; 4. Explain the chemistry in NAA; 2B. Molecular...
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...STAGE 2 BIOLOGY ASSESSMENT TYPE 1: Investigations Folio Issues Investigation Human Awareness Essay – Source Analysis Should all babies be DNA fingerprinted at birth? Article to be evaluated: Website: Genetics and Public Issues – ELSI (Ethical, Legal and Social Issues) – http://darwin.nmsu.edu/ Reliability: This source is a reliable one as it was developed by Dr. Clay Dillingham and Dr. Susan Root. They are professionals, educated in the technique and knowledgeable about the subject with years of experience as scientists in the field. Therefore it is expected to have some reliability. Bias: This article presents both the advantages and disadvantages of the topic of storing everyone’s DNA sequences and is not biased in either direction. It gives the scientific facts and procedures of DNA fingerprinting and continues to give the good effects and also the issues it would cause in the public. It explains how DNA fingerprinting would benefit us, referring to the solving of criminal offenses, detection of possible future diseases of the subject, clues about possible behavioral traits, and other medical information. This is the positive side. The article also discusses the negative side and questions the accessibility of the DNA fingerprints and the information they hold. The effects on the public if the information was misused are discussed including the impact on individuals in relation to seeking insurance policies...
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... Additional Activity: Switched at Birth! DNA Fingerprinting: An Application Although a rare occurrence, cases of babies switched at birth in a hospital have made the news in the past. Since an individual’s DNA sequence is unique, with the exception of identical twins, DNA fingerprinting is a reliable method used to determine the parents of a given baby. DNA fingerprints can be derived from restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis or using the polymerase chain reaction with variable number tandem repeats. In this activity, you will analyze the results of a DNA fingerprint conducted on three babies and three sets of parents to determine which baby belongs to which parent. Materials photocopy of worksheets ruler pencil Procedure 1. Compare the bands of each set of parents to each of the babies and determine which baby belongs to which set of parents. Line up the bands and illustrate which bands each baby inherited from its mother and from its father. Couple A M F Couple B M F Couple C M F Baby 1 Baby 2 Baby 3 Figure 1 DNA fingerprint data obtained from three sets of infants and three sets of parents (continued) Copyright © 2003 Nelson Chapter 6 Biotechnology 173 LSM 6.3-5 Analysis and Synthesis (a) Identify which baby belongs to which set of parents. (b) Explain why not all the bands in the mother’s or father’s profiles have a counterpart in the baby’s DNA profile. (c) List other examples where DNA fingerprinting could be used to identify an individual. ...
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...GENOMIC TANDEM REPEATS AND DNA FINGERPRINTING In the human genome, sequences of repeated nucleotides are repeated in tandem hundreds of times at dozens of different regions throughout ones genome. DNA profiling uses these numerous repetitive sequences as a method of identifying individuals. These repetitive sequences, called variable number tandem repeats (or VNTRs) and short tandem repeats (STRs) are highly variable and thus form excellent tools for genetic individualization. CLASSES OF GENOMIC TANDEM REPEATS An STR simply put is a short stretch of repeated units of DNA bases, usually comprising of 3-5 base pair segments that are repeated in long strings of DNA. As a result of their length, tiny samples can be easily analysed as they are amenable to amplification by...
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...Molecular analysis of Jawahar Rice Hybrids for genetic purity and fingerprinting Amrita Ingole, Abstract Varietal identification and genetic purity has attained critical importance worldwide especially in the context of plant variety protection. The estimation of hybrid seed purity is done conventionally by grow out test, which is based on the assessment of morphological and floral traits in plants grown to maturity, which locks up the capital while awaiting the results for GOT. GOT could be replaced with DNA based assays. The present investigation was undertaken with an objective to identify distinguishable microsatellite markers to establish fingerprinting of rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids, assessing variation within parental lines and testing the genetic purity of hybrid seed develpod by JNKVV Jabalpur, 4 cms, 4 restores and 5 hybrids were employed in this study. About 52 most informative microsatellite markers were employed for fingerprinting five rice hybrids and their parental lines. A total of 77 alleles were detected, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 6, with an average of 2.56±1.33 primer pair. Eleven markers amplified specific alleles those separated the male from female lines. 13 markers were found polymorphic for female lines. Marker RM 164 clearly differentiates all the 4 CMS lines under study. 24 markers were found polymorphic among the male parents. No such marker was found that could differentiate all the male lines from each other...
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...Biotechnology Research Genetic Engineering • Description and How It Works Genetic Engineering is the process of manually adding new DNA to an organism. The goal is to add one or more new traits that are not already found in the organism, and to enhance or modify the organism’s characteristics. The process starts by identifying a gene that controls the desired trait and using various chemicals to extract it from the DNA strands. An insertion package is prepared that includes several unrelated genes that lets the trait gene survive in an alien organism. Then, the package is forced into the host organism’s cells which is attempted using several various vectors. The most common for plants is bacteria; the insertion package is hooked onto the bacteria’s...
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...DNA Technology Task 3 – Poster DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is a technique used in forensic science that identifies individuals based on various characteristics of their DNA. Although the DNA sequences between humans are 99.9% identical, DNA fingerprinting is able to distinguish between individuals due to the presence of specific sequences within the non-coding region of the genome known as satellite DNA. This satellite DNA consists of long stretches of DNA made up of repeating base sequences known as short tandem repeats (STR). These STRs considerably vary in length between individuals, particularly between unrelated individuals, allowing exact individuals to be identified. One major use of DNA fingerprinting is in crime scene investigations in order to identify suspects or also victims based on DNA samples from blood or hair present in the crime scene. Another use is in paternity testing that compares the DNA of the mother and offspring to the potential fathers in order to identify the father. The first step in DNA fingerprinting involves isolating DNA from a tissue sample such as blood or hair. Very often, particularly when tissue samples are obtained from crime scenes, the amount of DNA available for DNA fingerprinting is extremely small. Fortunately, a molecular biology technique known as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows the DNA sample to be amplified considerably. In essence, this technique is an artificial version of DNA replication. The DNA...
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...The Science and Ethics of Genetic Engineering Research & Position Paper Table of Contents DNA Fingerprinting/ Genetically Modified Foods --------------------------------------------------- p. 3 Gene Therapy/Cloning------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ p. 4 Stem Cell Technology------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ p. 5 Position Paper------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p. 6-7 Bibliography-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p. 8-10 Evaluation Rubric----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p. 7 DNA Fingerprinting DNA fingerprinting are tests that help to identify and analyze a person’s DNA. The term “fingerprinting” is used because finger prints, like DNA, vary from person to person and no two people have the same DNA or fingerprints. So, when scientists identify a person’s DNA, it can only be linked back to one individual and can help to obtain information about that specific individual. DNA fingerprinting can be done through many different ways. Some ways are through blood samples from a vein or heel, saliva samples, skin samples, or hair samples. The purpose of DNA fingerprinting is to help link family members together, find things that cause diseases, to help aid in crime scene investigations, and to...
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...surrounding structures Malignant tumors invade surrounding structures and are cancerous Malignant tumors can break away and start new cancers elsewhere through the process of metastasis What Is Cancer? Cancer cells differ from normal cells: Divide when they should not Invade surrounding tissue Move to other locations in the body What Is Cancer? All tissues that undergo cell division, such as ovarian tissue, are susceptible to cancer Cancer Risk Factors Known risk factors are linked to particular cancers… Not all exposures to chemicals and radiation causes cancers Cell Division Overview Cell division produces new cells in order to: Heal wounds Replace damaged cells For growth Also for reproduction Cell Division Overview DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes which can carry hundreds of genes along their length The number of in each cell depends on the organism: humans have 46 Cell Division Overview The “rungs” of the molecule are the bases: A (adenine) T (thymine) G (guanine) C (cytosine) Cell Division Overview The bases across the “ladder” are connected in a specific way: A always bonds with T C always bonds with G The connection is a hydrogen bond Cell Division Overview James Watson and Francis Crick: Determined the...
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...get a lead and solve a case. Forensic scientists use different devices like urine testing, DNA testing, DNA markers, and many more devices to help get a lead in a case in order to come to the decision of convicting the right person. Forensics technology has improved greatly over time DNA In most cases the easiest way to catch a criminal is by DNA. With DNA in a criminal case it can put you at the place of crime. There are some flaws with DNA though. There is always the possibility of people having the same DNA strands. And if a piece of hair or any other kind of DNA is found at a crime scene and that is the only evidence and two people have the same DNA strand there’s a possibility of the wrong person going to jail. Once a crime has been committed the most important item to recover is any type of evidence left at the scene. If the suspect left any DNA at the crime scene, he could then be linked to the crime and eventually charged. A suspect’s DNA can be recovered if the suspect leaves a sample of his or her DNA at the crime scene. However, this method was not always used to track down a suspect. Not a long time ago, detectives used to use bite marks, blood stain detection, blood grouping as the primary tool to identify a suspect. DNA analysis has been the most recent technique employed by the forensic science community to identify a suspect or victim since the use of fingerprinting. Also since the...
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...How has our knowledge of DNA improved the study of criminal forensics? Introduction Through genetics, the study of DNA, we are able to figure out what and how genes are responsible for many things like our hair color or why do some people look a lot like their parents and others don’t. It also allows us to understand better how species evolve and how are they related to each other. It is important to understand how DNA mutates, changes and replicates in order to get information about what mechanisms cause DNA to change. In the 1970s scientists developed a DNA sequencing technique and other methods to manipulate and analyze DNA. This gave them the basic tools to start exploring the DNA blueprint which provided the techniques for a vast international project called The Human Genome Project (MRC). The Human Genome Project which was a major international project with the goal of decoding all our genetic information by 2003. A rough draft was done in June 2003 and it was a huge milestone that helped us understand how our genes can determine who we are (Genome Project). Many of today’s advances in DNA and biotechnology allow scientists and medical doctors to potentially cure genetic disorders through gene therapy by inserting, deleting or manipulating genes (Tillery, page 686). Another use of DNA technology is the creation of mutation by transferring DNA from one organism to another through techniques like cloning and introducing new DNA sequence into an organism to alter...
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