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Dna Worksheet

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Associate Program Material

DNA Worksheet

Answer the following in at least 100 words:

1. Describe the structure of DNA.
DNA nucleotide bases consist of a particular code and specific strands of this code are termed genes. A gene will code for particular proteins which will end in a specific trait. The base pairing in a DNA molecule is specific: Adenine always pairs with Thymine and Guanine always pairs with Cytosine. A gene segment from DNA will give the directions necessary to build a RNA molecule which finally can be translated into a protein.

2. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype?

An organism's genotype is its specific combination of alleles for a given gene and the phenotype is the physical indication of an organism's allelic combination. A trait is the acquired or inherited characteristics shown in a phenotype.

*
3. Describe each stage of the flow of information starting with DNA and ending with a trait. * A sequential set of nucleotides in the DNA are transcribed into a molecule of RNA in the cell’s nucleus. Translation of the RNA into a specific amino acid sequence of a protein occurs after the RNA travels to the cytoplasm. “The molecular “chain of command” is from DNA in the nucleus to RNA to protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. The two main stages are transcription, the transfer of genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule, and translation, the transfer of the information from RNA into a protein,” (Simon, Reece, & Dickey, 2010, p. 178). *

References
Simon, E.J., Reece, J.B., & Dickey, J.L., (2010). Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

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